ʻaila kā hana i loko o Rusia

Oil - ka nui ikehu muli o ka ho'āʻo. Eia naʻe, ka aila me ke koe i ole mana loa. No laila, i ka hoopau ana o "eleele gula" ma keia ala e hiki aku? Oaony e kali, opting no nā ikehu kumu (nieia, nukelea). Akā, i ka ho'ēmi i kona hoopau ana i loko o nā hana mea,ʻaʻole i hiki.

I ka makahiki 1992, i ka Lūkini aila hana ua muli i loko o ka aila-hua wahi mau. Western Siberia alaila kuu aku la ma kahi o 70% o ka maka mea, he hou 20% Ua lako Volga-Ural'āina, a me ka mea i koe 5% i aeia Sakhalin, Kaliningrad māhele 'āina a me Northern Caucasus.

Ka aila hana Rusia hoʻomohala i loko o ka Soviet au, e like me ka hoʻokele waiwai a pau, haoʻa. Ka ulia mua i hele mai i ka makahiki 1977, ka wā o ka buke o ka makaʻaila i loko o Western Siberia i ua hoʻemi dramatically. Kēia mea ma muli o ke 'ölelo-, noonoo iho la hana prospecting a me ka ʻimi loa i ka lewa hana. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā makahiki 70 o ka Soviet au hou paakiki, e hoomahuahua i ka buke o ke-i? Iecaianoaaiiuoʻeli, akā,ʻeliʻimi loa i ka lewa paʻahau. Ke emi o ka aila mau ae la ia no ka aneane eiwa makahiki. Samotlor (nui) kahua? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua hoʻemi e 20 miliona tons, hoʻomanaʻo mai ka hōʻemiʻana ma 10 miliona tons makahiki. I ka makahiki 1985, 16% o ka palaualelo punawai. Mea e like ai koke ʻepekema pūnāwai ua ilihune. Ka mua ulia o kaʻaila i loko o hana Rusia ua lanakila lāua ma luna o ka "Soviet-mika" - kūkulu-iʻeli ...

Ke kumu o ka mea e hiki mai ana ka hoʻoponopono ulia i ka holo pono o ka aila hana, e hoʻoikaika 'productivity. Ka pilikia i nā mākau 'typical Soviet "ka pōpilikia e" ana: ka nui influx o ka hana a me ka kulanakauhale alii. Mai ka makahiki 1986, i ke? Iecaianoaaiiie hoole mai oia i ke ana, a ma ka 1988 Lūkini aila hana mooolelo mooolelo o 570 miliona tona.

A hou - ka recession. 1994 -? Iecaianoaaiiuo e hina ma ka 44% ma 1995 - he mea 22 000 pūnāwai o 140 000. Deterioratingʻaila 'ole. Kēia ulia i loaʻa i ka sequel, haawi ala i ka mahuahua ma ka ikehu kumukūʻai (mamua o ka loa haʻahaʻa ka pono o ka huahana). Alaila, hoomaka ae la ke kumu kūʻai, e ala hou maʻaneʻane na waiwai a pau, a me keia ma ka huli ua hoemiia ke koi ma luna o ka wahi lulu kuai.

Russian aila hana he pono structuring. Keʻanuʻu mua i ka lako polokalamu (hanalima ahahui), i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma luna o nā ao o ka aupuni i loko o Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk, Urai. Kēlā me nā'ēheu kēia'ēheu o ka hana i loko o ka, e makaʻuʻole kahi i hui pu: ke huli no, a me kaʻimi loa i ka lewa, a? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a hoohehee maemae au ia, a me ka halihali, a hiki i ke kapili hana. Ka 'ole o ka lako polokalamu pū a hui (noiʻi). I ka hau, Ua uhaʻiʻia - ua haawi mai ia i kokoke loa i kahi maikaʻi i nā hualoaʻa. hoomaka mākou e hana i kekahi hoʻopapakū noniakahi aila poe ke hoʻohana ma luna o ka loina hooponopono "mai kaʻimi loa i ka lewa, e kinoea wahi", he typical 'ole e like me ka pū, i waena o nā mea a pau,ʻeli poʻe a me ka kuai ana i ka hoʻolālā.

Ka hoolei ana o ke Kuhina, a lilo Rosneftegas mua, a laila, i ke Kuhina o Energy, ua i ka halihali ana i ka aila a me kona huahana, i koke i hoolilo Transnefteprodukt a me Transneft. Ka aila hana i loko o Rusia i wehe i ka hou hanu. It Ke maluna o ka miliona kanaka kikowaena.

I kēia mau lā Russian ka aila a me ka kinoea hana o ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ke koi pohō a loaa o ka moku'āina. XIX. Makahiki i hāʻawi mai i ka ikehu waiwai hoʻolilo i loko o ka mua Soviet republics (Moscow), a me ka wā e hiki mai (Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Hawaii, i ka Netherlands, Solowakia, Poland, Kuikilana, UK). Mea hoʻolilo mea hiki ke uhi wale i ka bandwidth o ke amo nenoai.

Freer ua "hanu" a me ka na kuai me kŘpa a haʻahaʻa wahi lulu kala. No ka laʻana, ka mea Lūkini kakolina mea nui ho'ēmi ma mua o haole analogues. Aie i ka aila lako'ōnaehana no ka pono o ka moku'āina, ka huakai kuai i kekahi dala o ka aila ma ka luawai-haka kumukūʻai.