Kiʻi kālaiʻia ma luna o ka pōhaku kia rula: nā kānāwai o King Hammurabi

Archeology i mau wehe i ka manaʻo kanaka i nā mea huna o ke ola o ka hala. Kekahi o ka loa waiwai discoveries i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia i loko o ke kulanakauhale kahiko o Susana, kila i kālaiʻia ma ka pohaku kia rula, a i hope o ia e na kanawai o Hammurabi. He aha ka ka palapala kivila, a me ka mea i kona mea nāna i hana? Kēia e e kūkā mai kēia manawa.

Owai ua Hammurabi: he pōkole Kawaihae

About Hammurabi, ke aliʻi o kahiko Babulona State, ma mua pii ana i ka noho aliʻi, uuku ua ikeia. I ka makahiki 1793 BC, lilo 'o ia i ka poli aliʻi a me kona wahi aupuni a pau. Kokoke koke, hoomaka ae la ia i hoomakaukau no ke kaua o ka aggression ku ei ka puni kulanakauhale-Hawaii: Larsa, Isin, Malgiuma, Rapikuma a me Uruk. Kona mau manao kuka i ua hoʻokōʻia i ka hopena o ka 1781, akā mākou au, kūpono ma Hammurabi hui pu i ka aina o Lower Mesopotamia i loko o ka mana aupuni a pau, i ka ike ole i make.

Assertion o aliʻi mana, a me ka alahula mau keiki o kona aupuni a pau ma luna o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka huakūʻai-ke kala ana i loko o ka māhele 'āina nō hou hoʻoikaika akula i kona autocratic mana. Akā, hana kēia mau paipai aʻo kai eʻe o ka naʻi lilo ke aliʻi kaulana.

Muli o kona kulana ka e piʻi like ma ia manawa ua e ho okumu i kekahi ano o ke Kumukanawai - Hammurabi. Kiʻi kālaiʻia ma luna o ka pōhaku kia rula, a ma ia manawa noho Babulona, lilo iho la ia i ka mōʻaukala kia ole wale, akā, i ka kahi maikai o ka 'ike e pili ana i ka' ole o ka moku'āina a me ka nohona ola i loko o ia au.

I ka helehelena o ka eho pohaku me nā kānāwai

Hammurabi mau kānāwai i kākau i loko o ka Sumerian 'ōlelo, i ka hapanui pili loa kohu i ka'ōlelo Hawaiʻi cuneiform. Kiʻi kālaiʻia ma luna o ka pōhaku kia rula ike pono i ka malamaia, i 'ae' ia ua nānā ninaninau i nā mea kiko'ī o ka pono a me ka moku'āina i hoʻomākaukauʻia Babulona i ka noho alii ana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o nā kānāwai, e like me ka pono me no na kenekulia ma hope o kona make ana.

Iho i kekahi kia i ka pōhakuʻalā, he 'ano pōhaku paʻa. Kona luna mua loa ua helehelena ma ka bas-kokua o Hammurabi ka loaa ana mai o ka la akua Shamash ai i ua mau kānāwai.

Ua uhiia ke koena o ka ili a me palapalaia maluna penei, outlines pehea e noho ke kanaka i loko o ka'āina ma mua o ka wā alakaʻi ma kekahi hana, malama a oki mare, a me ka hōʻike ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE hoopai ia misconduct. Ke kikokikona Ua maheleia i ekolu conditional māhele: pōkole, ka 282 rula a me ka hopena. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i kālaiʻia ma luna o ka pōhaku kia rula i ole, ua malamaia ma ka piha: 35 o ia i ua holoiia. Naʻe, ka mea e hoʻokele ai i ke ola me ke kōkua o nā palapala malamaia i loko o ka hale waihona puke o ke Asuria alii Ashurbanipal.

Kanawai King Hammurabi: i mau mea o ke ola ke hoomaluia e ka kanawai

Hammurabi, e like me ka waiho iho la ma na rula o ka pōhakuʻalā kolamu, ho'āʻo ana e nohoʻaneʻane a pau spheres o ke ola i loko o kona aupuni. Kanawai iloko o kaʻano o nā 'ikamu i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kuai ana, i ka pau o ka aie o ka mea kuai no ke kuai ana o ka hemahema waiwai, a me Jewelry, fabrics, a hiki moku. Kiʻi kālaiʻia ma luna o ka pōhaku kia akau, e wehewehe ana i loko o kekahi au mamuli, a me ka hopena o kekahi karaima hewa, ina paha ia e aihue, deliberate a accidental pepehi kanaka a me kilokilo. Eia hou, ka mea, i no ka aie, a no ka perjury. A nui ke ano o ke Kanawai epa me ke kauoha o ka mare ana a me ka 'ohana kānāwai, e like me ka waiwai ana.

Ka mōʻaukala waiwai o Hammurabi

Ma ka mōʻaukala waiwai o Hammurabi hiki e hookolokoloia mai ai au wale ma ka oiaio i ka mea, o ka mea wale nō kumu o ka maikaʻi-mālama, a 'ae' ole wale e aʻo e pili ana i ka mea kahiko Babylonian, akā, no hoi e pili ana i ke kahiko hikina kānāwai i loko o mau. Epekema i hele mai ai i ka hopena i ke alii o Babulona, i ka moku'āina i ka nānā 'ana i ko lakou kanawai na rula i lanakila ma ke kaiāulu i ka manawa, akā, i nā mea a pau i pono i ka hana. ae nā kānāwai o Hammurabi e maopopo na mea he nui, ao ke ano o ke ola i loko o Mesopotamia i ka 2nd Ka Wā Kaukani BC.