Makamua Greek kiʻi kaula, kona ano, ulu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Makamua Greek sculptures a me kā lākou mau kākau

Makamua Greek kiʻi kaula ninoaaeyao i kūikawā wahi i waena o nā masterpieces o ke 'ano o ka moʻomeheu hooilina no a hiki i keia aina. Ua hoomaikai aku la, a hoʻokō me ke kōkua o ke Kimia 'o ia hoʻi ka nani o ke kanaka kino, kona maikaʻi. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole wale malimali laina a me ka hiehie - na ano e hoailona i ka kahiko Greek kiʻi kaula. No ka nui o ke akamai o kona haku i ka mea e hoʻokele i kekahi, a hiki ma ka anu pohaku gamut o Emotions, e haawi mai i ka hohonu, kūikawā ano kinona, e like ha ola i loko o ia mau mea. Kēlā me kēia kahiko Greek kiʻi kaula hāʻawi me ka pohihihi, Kaʻahumanu i ia manawa. Na hana o ka nui Artists mai i haʻalele i kekahi indifferent.

Makamua Greece, e like me ka hana 'ike loea, e hele ana ma kekahi mau manawa i loko o kona ulu ana. Kēlā me kēia i kaha ia e loli ana ma nā 'ano o ka uku kilokilo, me kiʻi kaula. Nolaila, e kumumea i ke kuʻina nui o ke kahua o kēia 'ano o ke akamai e pokole hōʻike i nā hiʻona o kahiko Greek kiʻi kaula i loko o kekahi manawa o ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey o keia aina.

archaic manawa

Archaic wā - ka manawa mai 8th i 6th kenekulia BC. Kahiko kiʻi kaula i keia manawa ua like ano hiʻona o ka primitive. Ua Ua ua ike no ka mea, i ka hookomo i loko o nā hana o ke ala okoaʻano, ka mea iʻoi aku generalized (huahelu kaikamahine kapa kapa, keikikane - Kouros).

Apollo Teneysky

Teneyskogo kiʻi o Apollo o ka loa kaulana o nā mea a pau extant na kii o kēia'āina. Just ike ka mea, i kēia manawa he mau kakini. Ua ua i ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo. Apollo ua depicted me ke kanaka uʻi i kona mau lima i lalo, manamana clenched i mau puupuu lima. Kona mau maka wehe ākea, a ua lewa i kona maka archaic minoʻaka, typical o na sculptures, no a hiki i kēia wā.

wahine oeeo?

Images o na wahine a me na kaikamahine makamake nui wavy lauoho, kapa lōʻihi, akā, me kekahi o ka loa a me ka hiehie laumania laina, i keʻano o ka lokomaikai, femininity.

Archaic Greek kiʻi kaula noho kekahi disproportion schematically. Kēlā me kēia hana, ma ka kekahi lima, uʻi ia laua ke hoopaa loka a me ka naau kupono. No ka haawi ana nou i loko o ka huahelu o na kanaka ua wehewehe aku, e like me mākou i kaulana, he hapa-minoʻaka, a haawi mai ia i ka hohonu a me ka pohihihi.

Ke aupuni 'i kēia lā i loko o ka Pelelina State Museum "Ka Ilahi me ka pomeraite," o kekahi o na huahelu, i ka mea maikaʻi malamaia i waena o ka mea'ē aʻe archaic sculptures. I ka wa o ka "hewa" huliāmahi a mawaho roughness lima kiʻi, brilliantly hana ma o ka mea kākau, o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka Mea Nānā. Expressive lima kolohe 'ana o ka hana ana i kekahi kiʻi kaula mea pakahi aku la ia expressive a me ka hōʻeuʻeu.

"Kouros o Piraeus"

"Kouros mai Piraeus 'aia i loko o ka Athens Museum - hope, pela oi hemolele honua nei, i ma ka sculptor kahiko. Ma mua o mākou mea he keiki ikaika koa. Lima lima kolohe 'ana , a hōʻemi iki k'ki io o ka poo paipai i ke kamailio ana, a ia i hiki aku ai. 'Aʻole no laila, e nānā' aʻe 'ana o huliāmahi. Archaic Greek kiʻi kaula, e like me mākou i oleloia ia, i generalized hiʻona. Naʻe, i kēia huahelu mea,ʻaʻole like kekahi 'like i loko o nā hana pili i ke kakahiaka nui archaic wā.

Classic manawa

Panina wā - ka manawa, mai ka 5th i 4th kenekulia BC. Nā hana a kahiko Greek kiʻi kaula i keia manawa ua undergone kekahi loli, a mākou e haʻi aku iāʻoe. Mawaena o na sculptors o kēia wā, kekahi o nā kiʻi loa kaulana o Pythagoras o Regiysky.

Hiʻona o Pythagoras sculptures

No kona mau puke i haku ai i wehewehe aku e realism a me kaʻeleu, ia mea i ka manawa kū hoʻokahi. Kekahi mau hana o keia mea kākau i manaoia he uuku nui kāʻeʻaʻeʻa no ia manawa (no ka laʻana, he kia hoʻomanaʻo no ke keiki, e lawe mai i ka kūkala). Ka poe ola, ka mea a me ka halawai tālena ua ae ka sculptor e noiʻi i ke ano o ke aloha ma ka mea o ka makemakika i ka ho omaulia ki ina hana like. He Ukali aku ia ma luna o ka muli o philosophical a me ka makemakika kula, aʻo ia iā ia iho i hookumuia. Pythagoras, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia mau kiʻina hana, hoʻokolokolo kekahi ano lokahi: ka mele, ka kuhikuhipuʻuone' ole o ke kanaka kino. Aia Pythagorean ke kula ma luna o ke kumu o ka helu. Ua Ua manaoia o ka hookumu ana o ke ao nei.

Other sculptors o ka panina wā

Panina manawa, koe wale no ka inoa o Pythagoras, a haawi mai la i ke ao nei i ka moʻomeheu o ka kaulana Artists like Phidias, Myron a me Polycleitus. Nā hana a kahiko Greek kiʻi kaula o nā kākau koa hui o kēia mau rula - ka 'ia o ke aloha hemolele kino a me ka nani uhane lelo i loko o laila. He keia rula ka walaʻauʻana, i alakaʻi i ka haku likeʻole o ka manawa i loko o ka ulu 'kā lākou puke i haku ai. Makamua Greek kiʻi kaula - i ka maikaʻi o ke aloha a me ka maikai.

Miron

Great ole ma ke akamai o Atenai 5th kenekulia BC. e ka. Myron i hana (e hoomanao i ke kaulana Discobolus i ke keleawe). Keia kupua, e like Policlet, a mākou nō hai, makemake e kolo `na kii ma ka noi. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka luna kiʻi discobolus e pili ana i ka 5th kenekulia BC. Hawaii., ia i kākauʻia i ke kanaka opiopio uʻi i ka manawa i kona lewa ana i ka hina i ka iwi kuamoʻo. Ua hoka ai, a kūlou i kona kino, pio ka noi, e like me ka luawai, makaukau e deploy. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nāʻiʻo vzbugrilis ma lalo o kaʻili laholio i na mea kaua retracted. Ho okumu i kekahi paʻa kumu, na manamana e poho hohonu i loko o ke one. Oia kahiko Greek kiʻi kaula (Discobolus). Ke kiʻi i hoolei aku i loko o ke keleawe. Naʻe, ma mua mākou lohe wale nō i ke kinikini kope i mai ka mua ma ka Roma. Ke kiʻi i hōʻikeʻia ma lalo kiʻi Minotaur sculptor no keia.

Polycleitus

Makamua Policlet kiʻi kaula i ke kēia hiʻona - na kanaka huahelu e kū ana me ka hoala ka lima ma luna o kekahi wāwae hoʻomaopop 'ana i ke koena. An kumu haku nā kinolau ia mea he kiʻi Doriphor-spearman. Polycleitus ma kana mau hana imi i ka pono i lawa ke hui me ka spirituality a me ka maikai. Kēia makemake hooeueu ae la i aku la ia ia, e hoolaha aku i kona hoonoho me ke kuleana "Canon", Eia naʻe, i ole ola i ko kakou manawa.

Piha o stressful ola Policlet kiʻi. He makemake e kolo `i ka 'âlapa mea i loko o ka moku'āina o ke koena. No ka laʻana, "Spearman" - loa kukulu ke kanaka i mea piha o ka hoʻoponopono-ʻia. He ku motionless ma ke alo o ke anaina. Akā, i kēia maluhia mea,ʻaʻole he kūpaʻa, typical o kahiko Aigupita kiʻi. Pehea hoopuni a skillfully hoaka aʻela ia i kona kino kanaka, Spearman kānaka alo wāwae, neʻe maila i kaʻokoʻa ka oolea o ka hihia. Pēlā ka manaʻo o ka mea, e lawe i wahi manawa, a e huliʻo ia i kona poʻo, a, e pani aku. Ma mua o mākou mea maikai, ikaika ke kanaka, noa, mai makau, hoana, hoʻokiʻekiʻe - keʻano o nā ideals o na Helene.

Phidias

pono hiki e noonoo Phidias nui Mea Hana i, Mea Hana i sculptures e pili ana i ka 5th kenekulia BC. e ka. ka mea, ua hiki ke loaʻa i ka loea launa 'ole hemolele o ke keleawe hooleiia'na ia. Phidias 13 sculptural liilii i ua ua'omoʻomoʻia e lilo i kekahi mea e pono ai kāhiko o ka luakini o Apolo ma Delphi. Pili i ka helu ana o na hana o keia haku mea i ke kiʻi o ka Virgin Athena i loko o ka Parthenon,ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe i 12 mau mika. Ua ua i ka elepani a me ka gula. Kēiaʻano hana o nā kiʻi i ka inoa o chrysene-Elephantine.

Ma ka sculptures o keia haku ua oi loa lewa i ka mea i ka Greek akua - kēia mau mea nā kiʻi o ke kanaka maikaʻi. Mai na hana o Phidias, i ka mea maikaʻi i ka malamaia ana o nā mea a pau i ka 160-mika kiʻekiʻe kinikini kokua ia frieze leki, a hōʻike i ka huakaʻi o ke akua wahine Athena, poʻomanaʻo, 'o loko o ka Parthenon luakini.

Kia hoʻomanaʻo no Athena

Loa poino kiʻi kaula o ka luakini. Nalowale i kahiko "Athena Parthenos". Kēia huahelu ku maloko o ka luakini. Phidias i hana ia. Makamua Greek kiʻi kaula o Atenai i ka kēia mau hiʻona: i kona poʻo me ka poepoe chin, a malimali haahaa lae a me nā mea kaua a me ka ai i i ka nihoʻelepani, a me ka mahiole, ka pale kaua, a me ka lole lauoho - mai ke gula a lahilahi.

Mai keia aka ma muli o nā moʻolelo. A kaulana a me ka nui i keia masterpiece e koke ma Phidias, he poʻe koa o ka envious kanaka ka poe i imi e annoy i ka sculptor, a i imi i ka mea e hoopii aku nei nona i kekahi mea. Keia kupua, no ka mea hoike, ka mea i hoopiiia e ka mea, ua huna iho la i ke gula i manao ia no ke kiʻi kaula o Athena. Phidias e hoao i kona hewa i nā mea a pau i nā mea gula, mai ke kiʻi, a kaupaona iho la ia lakou. Kaʻoi loa coincided me ka haawi ia ia i ke kaupaona ana o ke gula. A laila, i hoopiiia i ka sculptor o impiety. Pale kaua o Athena i ke kumu o keia. Ua depicts ka loa o ke kaua ana o na Helene a me ka Amazons. Phidias i kākauʻia iho i waena o nā Helene a me Pericles. Greek lehulehu, hoʻowahāwahā i nā piʻi like a pau o keia haku, nō i ku e ia. Brutal hooko i pau ai i ke ola o ka sculptor.

Not exhaustive loaʻa Phidias sculptures i loko o ka Parthenon. No laila,ʻo ia i hana i ke kii o Athena Promachos o ke keleawe, a i kūkuluʻia a puni 460 BC. e ka. ka Acropolis.

Kia hoʻomanaʻo o Dia

By Phidias hele oiaio kaulana ma hope e pili ana i kēia haku o ke kiʻi o Dia no ka luakini, i kahi ma Olympia. Ke kiekie o ka huahelu ua 13 mau mika. He nui nā moʻolelo keaka Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i ka malamaia, ua ola wale lākou nā wehewehena a me nā kope. I nui ka mahalo i hoʻopiʻi 'ia e fanatical ka luku ana i keia hana o ka no oe e ka poe Kristiano. 'Aʻole i ola, a me ke kiʻi o Dia. Ua hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia penei: 13-mika huahelu e noho ana ma luna o ka noho aliʻi gula. I kahikoia poo akua lei o ka lālāʻoliva, a i ka hōʻailona o kona aloha o ka maluhia. Pahu, i na mea kaua, poʻohiwi a me ka maka i i ka niho elepani. Dia aahu kapa ma luna o kona poʻohiwi hema. ʻumiʻumi, a me ka lei aliʻi - o gleaming gula. Oia nei ka mea kahiko Helene kiʻi kaula, pokole i ho'ākāka 'ia. Pēlā ka manaʻo i ke Akua, ina oia loaʻa mai, a hana huinahā o kona mau poʻohiwi, aole ia e pono i loko o keia nui keʻena - e ka palena mea haʻahaʻa.

Hellenistic manawa

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o? Acaeoey o kahiko Greek kiʻi kaula ke hoʻoholo 'ia i ka Hellenistic. Kēia manawa - i ka manawa i loko o ka moʻolelo o ka wa kahiko Greece a hiki i ka 4th i ka 1st kenekulia BC. Kiʻi kaula i ka manawa ua no na kumu manao o ka mea hoʻonani o kela kuhikuhipuʻuone hale. Akā, ka mea i loaʻa noʻonoʻo ia lŘlŘ i loko o ke aupuni hou.

Ke kiʻi kaula mea i ka manawa i kekahi o na kumu ano o ke akamai, ma ka hou, ua he lākou o nāʻaoʻao a me nā kula. Ka mea ola i loko o Rode, Pergamum, Alexandria. Ua maikai na hana i hoʻouna 'ia e kēia mau kula, noonoo na pilikia i hoohihiaia kanaka i ka manaʻo o ka au ana. Mau kiʻi, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka panina malie manao paa, e lawe aku i ka passionate pathos, mea naʻau stress,ʻano.

Ke ole ikaika o ka hikina ma ka pau nō ua nui wehewehe aku ma ka hopena o Greek kahiko. Aia i hou hiʻona o kahiko Greek sculptures, nui lāliʻi, ka eha drapes, luna 'pana pua. Ke grandeur a me ka Kauai_County_Bldg komo iloko Classics temperament a me emotionality o ka hikina.

Thermes aia i loko o ka Roma iau "Afrodita Kirenskaya" piha o kona, he kekahi coquetry.

"Laocoön a me His Sons"

Loa ike kiʻi kaula e pili ana i ua mau ana nou - "Laokoon a Sons", i Agesander o Rode Hana. Kēia masterpiece ua manawa mālama i loko o ka Waikikana Museum. Polya hana keaka haku mele 'ana, a me ka'āina paipai emotionality. Ke meʻe a me kāna mau keiki kāne, ka piena o ka pale aku ana i hoouna Athena nahesa me ina ike o ko lākou hopena weliweli. Me keia halawai miomio kiʻi kaula i hanaʻia. ʻoia iʻo a me ka ea huahelu. A ikaika manaʻo ua i ma ka huapalapala maka.

Ekolu nui sculptor

Ma na hana o sculptures no a hiki i ka 4th kenekulia BC. Hawaii., i ka humanistic maikaʻi ua mālama, akā, ke kino i ka mea ia manawa i ka hoʻohui o ka sīwila kookoo. Lilo aku i ka pono o ke aupuni o ke ola a me ka pono o ka pokole o ko ke ao nei a kahiko Helene kiʻi kaula a me kā lākou mau kākau. Great haku e noho ana i loko o ka 4th kenekulia BC. Hawaii., i ka hōʻike hou facets o ke akamai o ka uhane honua. Keia ua loa pono i olelo ia i kēia kona manaopaa ekolu kākau - Lysippos, Praxiteles a me Scopas.

Scopas

Scopas i ka huahelu koʻikoʻi loa, i waena o ka mea 'ē aʻe sculptors ka poe i hana i ka manawa. I kona nō hanu hohonu i na mea pohihihi, paio, uunu nui, a me ka impulse kuko. Kēia kanaka o ka mokupuni o Paros hana i loko o na kulanakauhale he nui ma luna o ka mokuna o Helene. Loea launa 'ole o kēia mea kākau hookomo i loko o ke kiʻi i kapaia "Nika Samofrakiyskaya". Kēia inoa i loaa ma ka hoomanao ana o ka lanakila i loko o 306 BC. e ka. Hana'auwaʻa kaua. Kēia aka ua lele aku ma luna o ka pedestal, reminiscent o ka ihu o ka manao moku ka.

"Me ka haa ana maenad" Scopas hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka hōʻeuʻeu a me ka luna 'kuanaʻike.

Praxiteles

I ole iaʻike hoʻokumu he Praxiteles kiʻi kaula. Au mele i kēia mea kākau ke kino nani o ke kino, a me ka olioli o ke ola. Praxiteles nanea kaulana nui, ua waiwai. Ke sculptor loa kaulana i lawe mai i kēia kiʻi o Aphrodite, i mea no ka mokupuni o Knidos. ʻO ia ka mea mua i loko o Helene no ano o ka poe kapa ole oukou akua. Beauty Phryne, ka mea kaulana Helena, haku wahine o Praxiteles, i mālama ai me ke kumu hoʻohālike i kekahi kiʻi o Aphrodite. Kēia kaikamahine i ua hoopiiia mai o ka olelo hoino, a laila, hoomaikai aku la lakou ia ma ka mahalo i ka nani o na lunakanawai. Praxiteles He mea hoolea o ka wahine maikai, i hoʻonaniʻiaʻo ia i ka poe Helene. Eia naʻe, wale na kope ike ia mai Aphrodite no i Kenido.

Leochares

Leochares - Athenian haku, i ka nui o Praxiteles wā. Kēia sculptor, e hana ana i loko o nā Hellenic polis, hana mythological ike weliweli a me nā kiʻi o nā akua. Kana hana ana i kekahi mau kiʻi o nā kiʻi i loko o chrysene-Elephantineʻano hana, depicting lālā o ka 'ohana o Pilipo, ke Teselonike i ke alii. Ma hope iho o ia, ua lilo 'aha hoʻokolokolo sculptor Aleksandra Makedonskogo, kāna keiki. I keia manawa i hana Leochares Apollo kiʻi, ka mea i loa mahalo i kahiko. Ua Ua ua malamaia ma ke kinikini kope i ma ka Roma, a ua kapaia ka inoa o Apollona Belvederskogo honua kaulana. Leochares ma kana mau hana a pau hōʻike virtuosicʻano hana.

Ma hope iho o ka noho alii ana o Aleksandra Makedonskogo Hellenistic au i ka wā o kokololio flowering o portraiture. Kukulu ana i na kiʻi ma ka mika pāhoʻonui lua o nā kūlanakauhale o kekahi 'ōlelo, haku mele, poe akeakamai, ke' ano laulā, statesmen. Masters makemake e kiʻi i ka kokoke ana ano, a me stress i loko o ka palapala o ka laina, huli i loko o ka typical kiʻi o ke kiʻi.

Other sculptors a me kā lākou mau hana

Panina sculptures lilo Eia kekahi laʻana o ka hana likeʻole o nā Artists ka poe i hana i loko o ka Hellenistic mau makahiki. Maopopo ike i loko o nā hana o ia manawa megalomania, i mea, me ka makemake e lawe mai i ka makemake kiʻi i ka nui o ka nui kiʻi. No pinepine ia ia lŘlŘ ka wā e pili ana Greek sculptures o nā akua. Kiʻi akua Helios mea he Kuhina Nui laʻana. Ua ua i mai o na papakaukau, keleawe, ku iho la ma kahi e komo ai i ke awa o Rode. Ke kiʻi kaula - 32 mau mika. Au i hana ma luna o ia no 12 makahiki, tirelessly, hare hoi, he haumāna o Lysippos. Kēia hana o ke akamai i ia ma luna o ka wahi pono o ka hanohano i loko o nā mea kupanaha o ko ke ao nei papa.

He nui no nā kiʻi ma hope o ka hopu ana o ka Roma lanakila o kahiko Greece i hoʻolilo ma waho o ka'āina. 'Aʻole wale nō sculptures, akā, i masterpieces o ka pena,ʻaha kanaka imperial hale waihona puke a me nā moʻomeheu' ikamu i ae mai i ka ia hopena. Nui ka poʻe e hana ana ma ke kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana a me ka' epekema, i pio. I ka wä kahiko Rome moʻomeheu pela intertwined, i ka nui hopena ma luna o kona ulu ana, na kumu okoa o Helene.

ka hopena

O na papa, na kekahi mau manawa o ka? Acaeoey mea i hele ma Makamua Greece, i kā lākou mau mea hoʻololi i loko o ke kahua o ke kiʻi kaula, akā, i kekahi mea e hoohui mai ia na Artists a pau i kekahi mau lā - ka makemake e ike i ke akamai o ka spatiality, i ke aloha o ka olelo ma ke kumu o kekahi mau ano o ke kanaka kino kiʻi kaula. Makamua Helene kiʻi kaula, he Hawaii photo i ua hāʻawiʻia ma luna, Eia naʻe, ua ola wale hapa 'ia'. Pinepine i mālama ai i nā mea kinikini na kii, mamua o kona fragility. Wale i loko o keia alanui ka mea, ua hiki e hoolilo aku i ka nani a me ka hiehie o ke kanaka kino. Keleawe, ina mea oi ike loea a me ka hanohano mea,ʻaʻole loa hoʻi i hoʻohana.

Makamua Greek kiʻi kaula a me ka pena palapala a me ka hana hoihoi. Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka oe e haawi aku i ka manaʻo o ka uhane ola o ka aina.