Neuron kuleana pili i. He aha kuleana pili i ka hana ma na neurons. Hawaii neuron kuleana pili i

I ka hiki ana o aeee e pane i stimuli o ka waho honua - ka walaʻauʻana ana o ka meaola ola. Ke mall oihana mua o ka'emi'aʻaʻa - neurons ma mammals a me ke kanaka - hiki ke hoʻololi stimuli (malamalama, nā dudima, kani i) i loko o ka excitation kaʻina. Kona hope hopena - he kūpono naoh o ke kino ma ka pane ana i kekahi? Aneie hopena. Ma keia 'atikala, mākou e makaikai i mea kuleana pili i ka hana ma neurons ma o ka lolo a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, e like me noonoo i ka Mea Maluna o neurons aie a hiki i ke' o ko lākou mau functioning i ka noho ana meaola.

I ka ho okumu ana o ko mākou hopohopo'aʻaʻa

Ma mua oʻimi ana i ka hana o ka neuron, e ka ike ana i ka palapala-neurocytes keena. Ma ka neurula ke kahua, ka embryo ua waiho neural Tube. Ua Ua hana mai ectodermal pepa me ka hanaʻia naʻe - neural una. Pae holomua Lālā paʻa pau ana o ka Tube, e hana i ka hou elima māhele i loko o ka palapala o Oe lolo. O kēia mau mea, i hana wahi o ka lolo. Ke kumu nui loa o ka neural Tube iloko o embryonic kūpono 'ano apau loa i ka spinal kaula, mai i kŰlń ao ka paʻa o ka 31 nā aʻalolo.

cerebral neurons i hui e hana i kāna mau 'ōlelo. Ka mea, e 12 hui o cranial nā aʻalolo. Ma ka kanaka ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ua differentiated i loko o kekahi kikowaena Oihana - o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula, oia hoi o neurocytes keena, a kākoʻo'aʻaʻa - glia. ʻike ākea Māhele ninoieo o ka somatic a me ka autonomic māhele. Lākou nā aʻalolo innervate a pau nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa o ke kino.

Neurons - ka mall pa alima o ka'emi ko kahua

Ka mea, oko a ma ka nui, shape a me ka waiwai. neuron oihana i nui loa: komo i loko o ke kahua o neural wahi i puhi ai, no ka pokole o stimuli mai ka mawaho 'ia, i ka hoolilo ana o excitation i kupu mai i nā keena. Mai neuron haalele mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Lōʻihi - axon a me ka pōkole lālā kapa dendrites.

Cytological ninaninau hoikeia mai i loko o ke kino o ke aʻalolo aeea nucleus me kekahi - mau nucleoli, pono-i hana endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria lehulehu, a me ka ikaika kumuʻiʻo-synthesizing i hoʻomākaukauʻia. He ua poe e ribosomes a me ka RNA nā lātoma a me RNAi. Kēia mau waiwai i hana i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ole neurocytes - Nissl waiwai. Ka makamake nui o nā aʻalolo keena - he nui helu o keʻano o ka hanaʻana ka poʻea pau i ka mea i ka iniiaiie hana o ka neuron - EYI o nā aʻalolo impulses. Ua Ua hoakaka ia like dendrites a me axons. Ka loaa mua no lepa, a hoʻolele ia i ke kino a me ka neurocyte axon - he hookahi lōʻihi loa kaʻina, e mālama nei i manaʻo pīhoihoi no kekahi ko mākou hopohopo kletkam.Prodolzhaya loaʻa i ka pane ana i ka ninau: Heaha ke ano o ka neurons nana ma ka 'ole o ka waiwai e like me neuroglia.

Ka 'ole o ka'emi'aʻaʻa

Neurocytes ua hoopuniia e ka kūikawā mea, a ua wehewehe aku ma ke kōkua pūʻia mai a me ka aiiay waiwai. No ka ona, me he ano hana e puunaue. Kēia hui ua kapaia neuroglia.

Kēia 'ole mea pili loa aku i nā aʻalolo keena. Mai ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka neuron - o ka hanauna a me conduction o nā aʻalolo impulses, glial aeee e e loli ana e ke kaʻina hana o ka excitation a me ka hoʻololi 'ana i kā lākou mau pou' ano. Eia kekahi trophic a aiiay oihana glia hoʻolako metabolic reactions ma neurocytes a me ka poʻea pau i ka plasticity o ka'emi'aʻaʻa.

Keʻano papa hana o ka excitation ma neurons

Kēlā me nā aʻalolo aeea 'ano apau loa kekahi mau tausani hui' ana me nā neurocytes. Ka pou lāʻau ikiʻai wale i ke kumu o ka excitation keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoololiia mai o ka halepaahao kino ma ka axon, oiai ia mea ma ka hui 'ana me nā mall oihana mua o ka'emi'aʻaʻa a komo' ana i loko o ka hana kino, no ka laʻana i Muscle. E hooholo i kuleana pili i ka hana ma na neurons Pono e noiʻi i nāʻano papa hana o ka excitation hoolilo. He lawe axons. Ka Hawaii nā aʻalolo i uhi ma ka myelin wahi i kapaia myelinated. Ke autonomic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana i unmyelinated keʻano o ka hanaʻana. E like me ia i makemake ai i ka excitation, e hele i ke kokoke neuron.

He aha mea he synapse

I ka hui 'ana o na keena elua ua kapaia he synapse. Ka hali 'excitation ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka mea' ole ka hoʻohana 'ana Nine Inch - uao, a ma ka hooholo ia ana o Ion mai kekahi neuron a hiki i kekahi, a laila pou lāʻau ikiʻai wale.

Mamuli no ke kahua o ka synapses neurons ho okumu i ka ulana pukapuka, me nā hale o ka kumu hapa o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula. Ua Ua kapaʻia ka reticular kahua, e hoʻomaka ana mai o ka malalo o ka medulla oblongata a me ka hopuʻia ka brainstem nuclei, a me ka lolo neurons. Meshwork malama kaʻeleu moku'āina o ka cerebral cortex, a hiki aku i ka reflex hana o ka spinal kaula.

ʻimi hoʻopunipuni manao

I ka manaʻo o ka synaptic pili 'o Randy ma waena o neurons o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana a me ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka mana o ka reticular ike ua manawa hookomo i loko o ka palapala o ka 'epekema no kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni neural i ulanaʻia. Ua nā mea hōʻike aku oʻimi hoʻopunipuni nā aʻalolo keena e pili ana i na nā manaʻo o nā kūikawā pili 'o Randy, redundant synapses me kā lākou i hana' maoli. Ho'ā hope hana o ka neuronʻimi hoʻopunipuni neurocomputer - he summation o nā mea a pau o nā manaʻo kōkua lepa i kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni nā aʻalolo aeea, huli i ka pili-laina hana o ka laina ke keʻena. Ua ua i kapaʻia ka pane hana (hoololi). Ka wā e pili anaʻimi hoʻopunipuni akamai i ka loa hoʻomano hoʻohana laina, semilinear, a me nā kapuwaʻi o ka papa neuron ho'ā hope.

afferent neurocytes

Ka mea, i kekahi kapa ikepili koʻikoʻi, a i pōkole spines, a he hapa o ka ili halepaahao, a pau na nā loko (receptors). Ae hookaawale kaʻimiʻana i ka mawaho a puni, e hoopahaohao lākou mau receptors ma ka excitation kaʻina. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka stimulus, ua māheleʻia ka aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale i loko o: thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors. Ke'ī mai, i ka hana o ka sensory neurons - ka pokole o stimuli, kā lākou hoʻokae 'ole, ka hanauna o ka excitation, a laila' o ia i loko o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Sensory neurons i komo i loko o ka posterior pepeiaohao o ka spinal kaula. Ko lakou mau kino i ke aupuni 'o ioauoa (ganglia) aia ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu waho. Pela i hana i ka ganglia o ka cranial a me ka spinal nā aʻalolo. Afferent neurons i ka nui helu o dendrites, axons a pu me ke kino, ka mea, i ka nui o ke keʻena o ka reflex arcs. No laila, 'ikepili koʻikoʻi neuron oihana i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoolilo ana o excitation i loko o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula, a ma e komo i loko o ke kahua o reflexes.

hiʻona interneuron

Hoomau ana i ka noiʻi i nā waiwai o ka mall hehee wale o ka ua'emi'aʻaʻa, huli mai mea kuleana pili i ka hana ma ka intercalary neurons. Kēiaʻano o neural keena lawe bioelectric lāʻau ikiʻai wale mai ka mīkiniʻimi a? Aaeaao ia neurocyte:

he) 'ē interneurons;

b) Hawaii neurocytes.

Ka hapanui o interneurons i axons, i ka pau ana haʻawina o a - ka maʻi pili i ka neurocytes o ka waena.

Neurons nona ka hana - hoʻohui 'ia o ka excitation a me ka propagation o kona hou ma ka māhele o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, i ka nui o ke keʻena o ka loa unconditioned reflex, a hoʻoponopono reflex nā aʻalolo arcs. Excitatory interneurons kōkua peahi EYI ma waena o ka ooieoeiiaeuiiai hui o neurocytes. Wawahi intercalary nā aʻalolo aeee loaa i ka pīhoihoi o kona waena iho no ka manaʻo. Kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā neurons i Launch - lōʻihi-makahiki malama ana a me ka EYI o nā aʻalolo impulses, e leie aku ho'ā hope o ka sensory spinal nā aʻalolo.

Hawaii neuron kuleana pili i

Motoneurons o ka hope hale, aeie o ka reflex piʻo. He mea he kino nui, manao ma ke alo o ka spinal kaula kona mau pepeiao. Kēlā mau neurons i innervate ka skeletal nāʻiʻo, ʻo nā inoa o kēia mau Hawaii hehee wale. Other efferent neurocytes me loko o ka pee gland keena, a i ka kala o ka pili waiwai: mea hormones. Ke involuntary, i mea unconditioned reflex hana (moni 'ia, salivation, defecation) efferent neurons ana mai o ka spinal kaula a me ka lolo kumu. E hana eiiieaena hana a me ka neʻe 'ana o ke kino hoʻohana mau' ano o centrifugal neurocytes: Central a me kaʻike ākea Hawaii Hawaii. ke kikowaena kino o ka Hawaii neuron i loko o cerebral cortex, kokoke rolandovoy hewa elua.

Nā kino o nāʻike ākea Hawaii neurocytes, innervating na nāʻiʻo o nā lala, kumu,'ā'ī, Aia i loko o ka anterior pepeiaohao o ka spinal kaula, a me kā lākou mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana loa - axons - mai o ka anterior aa. Ka mea, kuahene olona, Hawaii 31 hui o spinal nā aʻalolo. ʻike ākea Hawaii neurocytes, innervating na nāʻiʻo o ka maka, puʻu, larynx, olelo, e aia i loko o ka nuclei o na vagus, hypoglossal a glossopharyngeal cranial nā aʻalolo. Nolaila, i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka Hawaii neuron - laumania nāʻiʻo i paa excitation pee keena, a 'ē aʻe e hana ana i nā loko.

Pūnao i loko o nā neurocytes

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka neuron - kahua bioelectrical hanaʻia a me kona wehe 'ia' ana i nā aʻalolo keena, Muscle pee keena - neurocyte ma muli o ke mall nā hiʻona a me kekahi metabolic reactions. Cytological haʻawina Ua hōʻike i neurons pihaʻi nui mea o ka mitochondria, ATP synthesizing nā lātoma hoʻomohala me keʻano o ka granular reticulum ribosomal (particles). Ka mea, 'Imi synthesized aeea nā polokina. Kaʻili lahilahi o ke aʻalolo halepaahao a me kona keʻano o ka hanaʻana - axons a me dendrites hanaʻia ai ka hana a e wae amo ana i nā lātoma a me ka Ion. Metabolic reactions ma neurocytes hana ana me keʻano o nā'ūhū a i ke kiʻekiʻe pinepine '.

EYI ma synapses excitation

E noonoo pono i keʻano papa hana o ka excitation o neurons, nānā mākou i synapses - me ka ho okumu i ala mai ma ka mau 'ana o nā neurocytes. Excitation o ka mea mua nā aʻalolo aeea kumu i ke kahua o ka collaterals i loko o kona axon nā lātoma Nine Inch - uao. Mau nā'amino nāʻakika, acetylcholine, norepinephrine. Ku mai o na Oe i hoopau wale o synoptic synoptic slit, ka mea e loli nā ka iho postsynapticʻili lahilahi, a he aha ka iwi kokoke neurons.

Lātoma neurotransmitters i ka irritant i nā aʻalolo keena, e kauoha ana konaʻili lahilahiʻoihana loli - ka Loaʻaʻia hana. Pela, ke pīhoihoi koke hohola ma nā aʻalolo olona, a me ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana hiki, a hele i na nāʻiʻo a me glands, o na la lakou i ka hana kūpono.

neuronal plasticity

ʻepekema, ua loaʻa i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka embryogenesis,ʻo ia i loko o ke kahua o ka neurulation, ka ectoderm o ka ulu nui loa helu o iniiaiie neurons. About 65% o ia make i mua hanau. Ma ontogeny o kekahi lolo keena hoʻomau i ke eliminated. Kēia mea he maoli kaʻina hana o ka hanaʻia. Neurocytes, e like epithelial a connective aeee e hiki ke puunaue, a regenerate, mai na nā'ōewe kuleana no kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i inactivated i loko o nā chromosomes o ke kanaka. Aka hoi, o ka lolo a me ka noʻonoʻo hana e hoomau ana i na makahiki, ua ole me ka nui loa hoemiia. Kēia mea no ka hana o ka neurons nalowale i ontogenesis, lawe ma luna o nā aʻalolo keena. Ka mea, i e hooikaika i kou pūnao, a nāna hoʻi i hana hou hou neural pili 'o Randy i compensate no ka nalowale kuleana pili i. O kŰia ua kapa plasticity neurocytes.

I ka lewa i loko o neurons

I ka pau ana o ka iwakalua kenekulia, ua hookupaaia ka pūʻulu o Italian neurophysiologists he hana hoihoi mea: i loko o ke aʻalolo aeee ke aniani kiʻi ike paka i. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea cerebral cortex ua hana phantom ike paka ana o kanaka me ka mea a mākou e manawalea ana mai iaʻu. Hookomoia ma ka papa aniani'ōnaehana neurons like resonators noʻonoʻo haʻawina o kanaka a puni ia. Nolaila, he kanaka i hiki ke mua mai i ka manao o ka interlocutor. Ka 'ole o ia mau neurocytes no hoi ua hoakaka kūikawā manaʻoʻike kŰia kapa empathy. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka hiki e komo iloko i loko o ke ao nei o kekahi kanaka ka Emotions a empathize me kona mau manaʻo.