Norman pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ka mea kahiko Lūkini moku'āina: ke Kin o ka manaʻo

Ka apuepue na wahi a hiki i ka huli lawa kanaka, a me ka mea kahiko pili aupuni ho okumu, i ke kumu o ka a ia e ua ua maopopo 'ike' ia e ka lehulehu a me ka moʻolelo. Ma ka kekahi lima, i ke kumu no ka mea, o ka paucity o ka mōʻaukala a me ka hulikoehana kumu o ka Middle Ages, ma ka kekahi lima - a me keia mea nui oi nui - ka makemake, pinepine aole i hiki maopopo ike, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe aʻe i kona aupuni, e kaila i aku la ia ia i ka'ōlohe wiwo mōʻaukala. Kekahi o na kumu Halaman o ka Lūkini historiography mea pono i ka Noremana kumumanaʻo o ka kumu o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina. Ua lilo paha i ka makahiki mua o ke ola o Kievan Rus, a oi importantly, o ka ikaika o kona? acaeoey e hoohauhee ana, no ka nui loa paha o ka hihia Lūkini kakaolelo no ka haneri o ka makahiki.

Norman pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ka mea kahiko Lūkini moku'āina

Kievan Rus 'like me ka centralized pili aupuni ho okumu i hoʻopaʻaʻia e nā mea a pau authoritative kumu,ʻikeʻia i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ke IX kenekulia. Mai ka hanau ana o ka moolelo ma Rusia, ua kekahiʻano o theories o ke kumu o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina. Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'noiʻi Ua ho'āʻo e huli i nā kêia kanaka o Lūkini statehood a me'Ilana oihana mua (kamailio ana a noho ianei i kekahi manawa ea ohana Scythians a Sarmatians), a me Celtic a me Baltic (keia pae ana o kanaka ma ka kakahiaka Middle Ages i oi pili loa aku i ka Slavs). Naʻe, i ka loa a me ka hanohano loa pono-hoʻokumu i mau i elua wale loa ana ke kū'ē i manao ma kēia pukana: Norman pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina a me ka antinormanskaya, kona hoa. Norman kumumanaʻo Ua mua ua kālaiʻia he lōʻihi manawa, a hiki i ka waena o ka XIII kenekulia, ke alo alii kākau moʻolelo Gottlieb Bayer.

Iki hope, i? Ac? Kona mau manaʻo nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia - Gerard Miller a me August Schletzer. Ke kumu no ka hana o ka Noremana kumumanaʻo ua ka laina mai ka chronicle kaulana "Ka nui o Bygone Makahiki". Nestor hōʻike i nā kêia kanaka o ke kahiko Lūkini moku'āina like me ka kānaka apau i mākaukau o King Norman Rurik a me kona poe koa, a lilo iho la ia i ka mua koa a me ka hale waiwai i loko o Rusia. E like me ka palapala, i ka Slavicʻohana a pau e kaua ana me kekahi tiers, a e hoʻokele, e kipaku ia lakou, mai ko lakou mau aina. Akā, laila, hahai aku la i ka manawa o ka unrest a koko ka paio ma ka aina Slavic. Kēia puʻe wale akula kēlā iā lākou, e revert i ka Ruses a, e kapa ia mai o ke kai, e alii ai maluna o: "ko mākou'āina mea waiwai, akā,ʻaʻole nō he mea i loko o ka mea ...". Ma kēia moʻolelo, ua hōʻike 'o ka Kelemānia kākau moʻolelo o ka pohihihi Rus me ka Scandinavian na'lii. Keia ua hookupaa iho la ia ma ka hulikoehana ike i ka hale, a laila, a me ka hope. Vikings he nae i hiki mai ma luna o kēia mau 'āina i loko o ka IX-X kenekulia. A me na inoa o ka Kievan luna mua a me kā lākou Ka Pakipika ua aneane loa Scandinavian kumu. no hoi kekahi mau ¶ʻO'Araba kaʻahele i hōʻike 'ia ma ka mooolelo o ka Rus a me Scandinavia. Ma muli o nā mea a pau kēia mau mea i hanau Noremana pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina. Ua maoli no i pau paa kahua, a no na makahiki i manaoia luli.

mana antinormanistov

Akā, i ka mea o ke kahea ana i ke aliʻi ma nā aliʻi huakaʻi i ke kai i manaoia loaʻa i ka Slavs wale iho hikiʻole i ka hana i loko o ka Middle Ages ma luna o lākou noho iho o ko lākou mau, e like me ka mea nele i ka hana i nā lāhui kanaka'ē aʻeʻEulopa. Oia ka manaʻo hiki ole i ka haunaele i loko o ka papa o patriotic ka pilina. Ka mua ka mea i hiki ke convincingly lawa ia lakou ke ku imua o ka German nä känaka 'epekema, a kuhikuhi mai i ka flaws i loko o kā lākou mau theories, ua ke kaulana Lūkini nä känaka' epekema Mikhail Lomonosov. E like me ia ia ia, E ke hōʻike 'Rus ole me nā kānaka'ē, a me ka kūloko heluna. He kuhikuhi i ka ma ka inoaʻo o kaiakū muliwai Ros, papale hainaka. Vikings ia i olelo ia i loko o kahikoʻoihana aliʻi, mea ole Scandinavians, a me Slavs, i mea eʻike i ka moʻolelo e like me ka Wagram i (e like me ka University). Over manawa antinormanskaya moʻolelo loaa momentum. Eia naʻe Normanists no kenekulia kokua aku kona kulana. I ka makahiki mua o ka Soviet moku'āina i hai Norman kumumanaʻo nā palapala a me ka unpatriotic, a literally o ia hoʻi, he veto ma luna o kona hou ulu. Naʻe, i ka ulu ana o ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka mōʻaukala a me ka hulikoehana hiʻona nui i antinormanistov. Ua Ua loaʻa i ka helu o na kaʻahele IX kenekulia ka mea i kapaia o Russ Slavs. Eia hou, i ka muli o ka moku'āina hale a pau no loko o dokievskoe manawa. An nui i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi o ka mea e ka Scandinavians ma ia manawa i hana i ka noho, a hiki ma ka hale.

mea, ua ulu

Mai ka makahiki 1950 nā theories e ulu muli o kona kulana o ka 'elele hou. E hoopuu hoi o ka hou ike a me nā kūʻiʻo, mua a me ka poʻokela hulikoehana i hōʻikeʻike i ka mea hope e haawi mai a pau i ka manaʻo nui o Norman kumumanaʻo, aole ia i. Paha ka hope nuiʻoi i loko o kēia hakakā i ka puke Lva Kleyna "ka hoopaapaa ma luna o ka Varyag". Here mākou e wehewehe i ka mea a pau Kin o kēia hui kūkāʻana ma waena o na aoao elua, he piha Ka Ikepili o nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē a me nā kumu. Ke oiaio ua, like manawa, i kahi ma waena. Vikings i inā pilikia ka haumāna ikaika a me ka poe kalepa pinepineʻikeʻia i loko o ka aina Slavic, a ua nui pili hui 'ana me ka kūloko heluna. Ka mea, he 'aneʻi nui a me C. Brewer a i ole ma ke kahua o ka moku'āina hale, e lawe ana i kū hoʻokahi, ke manaʻo mai nā mea a pau ma o ka'āinapuniʻole. Naʻe, ka hanana Kiev Rus mea i hiki ole na manao o ka Slavic lehulehu. Pela, e hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i ka mea mua Lūkini aliʻi , he mau Scandinavians (ka Middle Ages ia i ole he kahaha ko oukou naau mea), akā, i ko lākou kūlana e ole e overestimated.