Oligopoly - ia mea no ia i ka 'ole?

I ka manawa e loaʻa i ke aupuni i loko o a pau na olelo a maemae Competition, Ua pilikia. Ua aneane na makeke ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo kekahi a he mau monopolies, a i ke kuleana ole ma luna o kona hou ia ana, a ina ole no ka mea ikaika aku ka mālamaʻana ma ke aupuni ma lalo nei, manawa e komo ma ka hana i loko o ka he hana makemake e nui emi. Kekahi o ka loa e like me ka ano o imperfect Competition keia mea he oligopoly. Kēia manaʻo mea no na mea he nui nō koe vague, a no laila, e ka nānā aku i ka mea i loko o oi au mamuli.

i ka ho'ākāka 'ana

Oligopoly - keia mea e like me he market ke ano o imperfect Competition, kahi i loko o ka haawi market aia no he loa uuku pūʻulu o nā mea kūʻai. I ka mahuahua ana i loko o lākou ka helu ma ka lilo o ka malihini, kekahi mea hiki ole paha paʻakikī loa. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, he oligopoly - Ua kūʻai hiki ke helu i na manamanalima ka wā.

Symptoms a me Kind

E kuhikuhi i na kēia mau hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka mea kuai :

• Ana hōʻike 'ole differentiated huahana.
• A nui ka helu o nā mea kūʻai mai, a me ka uuku helu o onipaa no.
• Ke alo aku o ka ikaika aiiay o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka puka o ka hiki nā kānaka hoʻokūkū.
• Ke interdependence o onipaa no mai kekahi i kekahi, i kekahi mau mea hoʻohaiki ana i ka mana o ke kala.

Aia i kekahi ka wehewehena o kēia 'ano o ka Competition, a ua pili loa me ka waiwai o ka Herfindahl Index. No laila, ka mea i kapaia o anakahi i hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia quantify i ka degere o ka monopolization o ke kuai. Ua he pōpilikia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka haʻilula:

HHI = S _{January ²} + S ₂ ² + ... + S _N ² kahi

S - ka pakeneka o ke kuai ana o kela a me keia o na onipaa no.

Kona i kā mākou waiwai He 10,000 (maemae monopoly), a me ka palena iki cia ua kaupalena ma ka lākiō o 10,000 / n, kahi N - helu o ka poʻe i loko o ka hana (i hoakaka ia ke kaʻana like 'ana o nā kuai o kēia mau onipaa no e like). Ua ua manaoio aku i ka oligopoly - he makeke no i ka waiwai o ka 'inideka, ua oi aku ma mua o 2000. Mai 1982, he nunui kūlana i loko o ka "antitrust" kanawai i kēia' inideka Radio: i loko o kekahi hana lākiō Ua oi ma mua o 1000, ka Moku'āina hoʻomaka e kū kekahi M & A onipaa no. Ke kaumaha ma muli i ke ano o huahana i i loko o ke kuai, e hoʻoholo e līkaia no i ka hahai ana i ke ano o na oligopoly: maemae a me ka differentiated. Ma ka hihia mua ua iʻaʻahu ana hōʻike huahana (e laʻa me, lepo pipili, Aluminum, keleawe), a me ka lua - i ka likeʻole huahana o ka ia functionality (e laʻa me, kaa, Panel, papale hainaka). Cartel - no hoi oligopoly. Kēia kipi o kekahi poe he uuku o ka poe me ka manao, e ia auoiaea a me nā kumukūʻai ma ka mea e hoomahuahua i ka nui o ka waiwai. Inā mea a pau e hele mai a pau i loko o ka hana, ma keia hihia, ka mea hoi e like me ka monopolist.

Oligopoly: ola examples

Kekahi kanaka e haʻohaʻo ai: "No ke aha la i loko o Rusia ia pipiʻi loan" i hoaponoia moni e kiʻekiʻe kamepiula a me ka kiʻekiʻe lilo o ka hooulu ana i na dala. Akā maoli - ka mea, e he smokescreen hope a ka mea kiekie oia ka (like iʻEulopa na kii) palena pau. Hapalua o ka hui panakō'ōnaehana ua hoi malalo o ka eono mau kapa a pau: Bank o Moscow, VTB 24, Rosselkhozbank, Gazprombank, Sberbank a me VTB. Aia He He Classic hihia o oligopoly, a hiki ma lalo o ka'ēheu o ka moku'āina. E like me nā examples i ka makeke o ka ohua mokulele ( "Airbus" "Boeing"), kaʻa market, nui ka hale nā mīkini home, a no laila, ma luna o. D.