Pā pōhaku pōhaku

Ma kahi o 75% o ka honua kahi e uhi ai i nā pōhaku. Kēia waeʻano nā oi ma mua o ka hapalua o na nā minelala hao extracted , mai ka'ōpū mai o ka Honua. Ho'okomo nui'ia lākou ma nā papa honua, ka papa a me nā pae'āina, a aia wale nō 15% ma lalo o ka moana.

Sedimentary pōhaku i hanaʻia ma ka weathering huahana a me ka redeposition palapala moʻopane waiwai kaʻoi loa i loko o ka koʻana koko meakino (i kekahi manawa ma ka aina), a me ka hau ma ke kaʻina ha awina. Hiki ke ho'ohālike i nā'ano like'ole. Ma muli o kona'ano, ua'ike'ia nā'ano like'ole o nā pōhaku pa'akikī:

- ka pa'akikī -'o ka hopena o ke kūlana kino o ke kino, ka lawe'ana a me ka kū'ai hou'ana o nā mea;

- colloidal sediments - e hana me ka hopena o ka Nine Inch decomposition, pu ma ke kahua o ka colloidal pāʻoihana ;

- i nā hua'ume'a - i ka wā i ho'oku'u'ia ai ka paepae mai nā hanana wailele ma muli o ka hopena o ka hopena a i ho'okumu'ia paha e nā kumu like'ole o ka ho'oponopono'ana i nā ha'ina;

- nā mea kanu lā'au - ka hopena o nā hopena'oko'a e hana'ia me ka hui pū'ana o nā mea ola;

- Biogenic, a me ka ho'owaiwai - ka hopena o ka hanana ko'iko'i o nā meaola.

'A'ole ia he mea ma'amau ka'ike'ana i nā pōhaku pa'akikī e ho'ohui ana i nā hi'ohi'ona o nā hui like'ole. 'O ka ho'ohālikelike i luna nei e pili ana iā lākou i kekahi hui. Eia kekahi la'ana, he kahakila, kahi'oi aku o ke kīpona, ho'okalakiko, huamolokino a huapalapala kino paha, no nā pōhaku koi.

'O ka'enehana o nā pōhaku pa'akikī ke'ano o ka magmatic e ka nui o nā mea ho'okomo pōhaku a me ka ho'oka'awale'oi a'e. Hō'ike'ia kēia ma ka'ike'ana o nā kumuhana no ko lākou kūkulu'ana he mau mea hōkū ia o nā metamorphic, nā pōhaku a me nā koina nui, a me nā kinoea a me nā mea kohuke i ho'okahe'ia i loko o nā wai maoli, nā huahana o ka mea ola o nā meaola, nā huahana o ka lua'i pele a me nā'āpana o meteorites (e like me nā pōpoki nickel ). Eia kekahi, ua loa'a pinepine nā'ōlohelohe o ka flora me nā i'a i ka wā lō'ihi. 'Oiai,'o ka makahiki o nā mō'alihaku e like me nā makahiki o nā pōhaku pono'ī, akā ua nui a'e nō ho'i, ua ho'oku'u hou'ia nā mea ola.

'O nā pōhaku (diatomes, nummulith a me nā bryozoan limestones a me nā mea'ē a'e) he papa mele holo'oko'a (biomorphic) ko lākou mau'āpana (detritus). Ma nā'ano biomorphic (all-porous), ho'oka'awale'ia nā mō'alihaku mai kahi'ē a'e, i ho'opa'a'ia me ka'ene'ena (ulu polchiopod) ai'ole e ulu ana kekahi i kekahi, e ulu ana i ka'ahu (ke kohu a me nā bryozoan limestones). Ho'okumu'ia nā hanana hanana i loko o ka wai pāpa'u ma lalo o ka hopena o nā'ōpū o ka hau'oli a i'ole no ka hopena o ka hana nui o nā mea'aihue, ka'oki'ana i nā pūpū i mea e lawe ai i ka mea'ai.

Hana'ia nā pōhaku pōhaku e like me kēia: i ka wā e wāwahi'ia ai nā pōhaku makua, ho'okumu'ia ka mea ho'omaka, kahi e lawe'ia e ka wai, ka makani a i'ole ka palekana, a laila waiho'ia ma ka'āina a ma lalo o nā kī'aha wai. 'O ke hopena, ua ho'ohālikelike'ia kahi paepae e pa'a ana i nā'ano like'ole, i'ole ai'ole i ho'opiha'ia i ka wai a me ka hana'ana i ka palaka. 'O kēia lepo, i ho'oponopono'ia i ka manawa, he pōhaku lawai'a.

'O ke ka'ina hana o ka'ai'ana i lalo o ka hopena o ka ho'omehana honua a me ka'oihana kactonic. Ma humid kūpono (wela a me ka humid) aniau hua silts, clays, diatomite, caustobioliths (mōʻalihaku). Arid (maloo) cii wehewehe aku limestone, gypsum, anhydrite, pōhaku paakai. Ma nā wahi i'ōwili'ia, e hō'ili'ili'ia nā papa kaha o nā pōhaku pa'akikī, kahi i'ike'ia e nā'ano like o ka loli ma ka hakahaka a me kahi hana motley o nā mea ho'opunipuni. Ma luna o nā paepae, ma kekahi'ao'ao, aia nā papa o nā pōhaku ha'aha'a ki'eki'e me kahi'ano lō'ihi o nā mea pale.

Ma muli o ke'ano o ka loiloi'ana i nā wā kahiko o ka honua ma kahi kokoke i kēia manawa a ma ke'ano paha, ma muli o ka'ikepili ma ke'ano o ka māhele'ana o nā pōhaku pa'ama ma ka honua, hiki i kekahi ke hana hou i ka paleotectonic a me ka paleogeographic i ka honua.