Peter Mstislavets: ke ola o ka inventor nui

Ivan Fedorov ua manaoia e ia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Lūkini knigopechati. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole he nui kanaka i ike i ka mea, ua he kupaʻa hoalawehana na Peter Mstislavets. Eia hoʻi, ka mea, ua ma kona mauʻana i ka haku nui ua hiki ke hoʻokō 'ia kona hana ma luna o ka hou mīkini paʻi.

Nolaila, ia mea maikaʻi, e kamailio e pili ana i ka mea i ka hookahi Peter Mstislavets? He aha holomua ka mea, ua hiki ke hoʻokō? A me ka mōʻaukala ike ola no ia?

I ka hanau ana o ke ano akamai nui

Ua mea e olelo aku i ka mea no ana i ka waiwai o Peter Mstislavets pilikia. Ke Kawaihae ana o keia kanaka no ka helu o nā kumu poorly la i ka malamaia. Mākou wale ike i ka mea i hānau i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka XVI kenekulia i loko o ka wahi o Mstislav. I keia la, i ke kulanakauhale, ua aia ma luna o ka mokuna o Belarus, a ma o nā lā kahiko ia i ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania.

Inā manaʻo 'oe i nāʻoihana aliʻi, i ke kumu o ka opiopio la o Petero ia ia iho lilo Francis Skorina. Ua ua he pono-ike nä känaka 'epekema a me ka poe akeakamai, ka mea i lilo i ka mea kākau o na mea he nui-iao? Pepa. Oia hoi, i keia la, Belarusians nui hoomanao ia ia me he ano akamai nui loa mamua o kona manawa. He ka haku ao mai la ia i kona apprentice ke akamai o ke pai, i kona hopena i hoʻololi ka wa pau ole.

poe Setoiko

Moʻolelo nō hiki ole ka manao ma ka manao Mstislavets ke kumu hele aku la o Petero e noho ma Moscow. Akā, ka mea, ua iʻaneʻi i ka mea, lilo ike me Ivanom Fedorovym - ike ia Moscow E a me ka knigopistsem. I ia manawa, Fedorov ua i ka paiia hale, akā,ʻo ka mea i loko o ka manaʻo pono o hoʻonupaikini.

Peteroʻae e kōkua i ka hou hoa, e like me keia hana i kona makemake. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka o ka 1563, hoomaka ae la lakou e kūkulu i ka hou mīkiniʻano papa hana. Kēia kaʻina mau ae la ia no ka makahiki, akā, ka mea, ua hoakaka uku no nā mea a pau o ka ho'āʻo pono.

First Moscow Pai

Kā lākou hana mua i ka Orthodox puke "Ka lunaolelo", i i paʻiʻia March 1, 1564. Ua ua he kope o kekahi kaulana uhane paʻi puke i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ia mau lā no ka aʻo ana o kahuna. Kēia i waeʻia A ua maopopo, no ka Petero a me Ivan Fedorov Mstislavets i mihi i manaoio.

I ka 1565, ka haku e kekahi Orthodox puke i kapaia o "pule." Lākou mau puke ma luna o ka hoʻomaka koke hoʻonui apana, a nui huhu i ka kūloko enumerators mau buke. New Typography olelo hooweliweli aku i ko lakou "hana", a ua hoʻoholo lākou e pakele o ka makemake-e kākau moʻolelo.

Mālama o Moscow a me ke kumu o kona iho pai ana i kanu

Ke uku 'ana i hoopiiia Fyodorov a me Mstislavets ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo, a mysticism, i mea no ke aha ka mea, i ke haʻalele i kona aina. Ka pomaikai o na inventors ka oluolu maliu mai i ka Lituania hetman HI Hadkevich. Eia ka poʻe paʻahana kūkulu i hou pai ana i kaomi a i paʻi i ka puke a pau i kapaia "didactic euanelio" (Year - 1569).

Auwe, mōʻaukala mea hāmau, no ke aha la i hele aku i ke ala o ka wa kahiko hoa. Naʻe, ka mea, ua ikeia e Peter Mstislavets ia i haʻalele i ka pai ahakanaka ma Zabludovo, a neʻe akula i Vilna. It E e kaulana i ole kali ia Petero manawa i ka lapuwale a me ka koke wehe i kona iho o Nuioka ma. Kōkua iā ia i loko o ka hoahanau Ivan, a Zinovy Zaretsky a me ka poʻe kālepa a me Kuzma Luka Mamoniches.

Together, ka mea, hua mai la i ekolu mau buke: "Ka Euanelio" (1575), "Halelū" (1576), a "pule" (ma kahi o 1576). Books i ua palapala i ka hou typeface papahana e Peter Mstislavets. Ma ke ala, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ia, e lilo ia i kumu hoʻohālike no ka hanaia ana o na mea he nui Ahahui Euanelio nā kinona hua, a hoonani aku la ia ia i waena o nā clergy.

Ka pau 'o ka moʻolelo

He kaumaha, akā, i ole mau lōʻihi lawa ke aloha o ka hou kuikahi. Ma March 1576 i ka hookolokolo i paʻa, i noʻonoʻo i ka apau ka 'ona mīkini paʻi. Ka lunakanawai ka olelo hooholo Mamoniches hoahānau i nā mea a pau i ke pai buke, a me Peter Mstislavets haʻalele, a me ka pono lako a pan ana i nā kinona hua. Ma hope o ka hana 'ia, ua lilo ko läkou' o ka haku nui ma ka mōʻaukala.

Aka, a hiki i keia la aia no kekahi poe e hoomanao, ka mea i Peter Mstislavets. Photo o kona mau puke pinepine hou i loko o ka inoa o ka pūnaewele o ka National Waihona Puke o Belarus, e like me ka mea i loko o ka mea, ua mālama i kekahi kope kakaikahi o kana mau hana. A me ka mahalo iā ia i ka nani o ka haku puke hoomalamalama like brightly like i loko o nā lā kahiko, e haawi ana i ka ulu opiopio inventors.