Pure waiwai a me nā mea huihuina ona. Nā Papahana O Ka kaʻawaleʻana o nā mea huihuina

Ma kēia 'atikala, e nana aku kakou, i mea na waiwai maʻemaʻe a me nā mea huihuina, epekema no ka hookaawale ana nā mea huihuina. I ka maʻamau o ke ola, kā lākou mau hana pakahi o mākou. A ina paha ka mea, ua loaʻa i loko o ke ano maoli-aloha 'ona? A pehea eʻike iā lākou, mai nā mea huihuina?

Pure waiwai a me nā mea huihuina ona: ki ina hana like no ka hookaawale ana nā mea huihuina o

Clean kapa waiwai i pihaʻi me (particles) o wale i ka kekahi? Ueo. ʻepekema,ʻo keʻano o ko lākou aneane ole-existent, no ka mea, i nā mea a pau, albeit ma minuke i huliāmahi, loaʻa impurities. Loa nā waiwai like i wailana i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka wā bapetizo ana ma ka wai, no ka laʻana, he kala apo o ka metala Ion i loko o pāʻoihana.

A hoailona a pau, he waiwai i mau haku mele 'ana a me ka physical waiwai. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ko lākou mau ho okumu i ka loli o ka ikehu. Hoi, ka mea e hiki nā māhuahua, a emi iho. E ho oka awale i ka waiwai maʻemaʻe i loko o kaawale eiiiiiaiou wale ma ka mea o Nine Inch naoh. No ka laʻana, i wale distsillirovannaya typical no keia mea baila aʻela i a me ke kūpaleʻana, nele i kaʻaiʻana a me ka honi wai. A decomposed kona oxygen ma a me hydrogen mea hiki wale ma ka electrolysis.

A me ka mea okoa, mai na waiwai maemae lawe pu? No ka pane i kēia nīnau, mākou e kōkua kemika. Nā Papahana O Ka kaawale i physical nā mea huihuina, no ka mea, ka mea e ole hoʻololi i ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka waiwai. Haʻalele maemae waiwai, nā mea huihuina i lolelua ka haku mele 'ana a me ka waiwai, a me ka mea hiki ke puunaueia e physical ki ina hana like.

He aha ka ke Aloha

Mix o ka ahaaina o kanaka waiwai. Kona kumu o kai. Haʻalele distsillirovannoy, ka mea, i ka awaawa paha palemo iho ono, maʻi hēhē ma ke kiekie, akā, E pa ahau ma ka haʻahaʻa ana wela. Nā Papahana O Ka kaawale ana o nā mea huihuina o ka waiwai i physical. Ke'ī mai, mai ka wai kai ke kiʻi gula maikai ka paʻakai ma ka omoāea, a mahope crystallization.

Kind nā mea huihuina

Inā 'oe ke kākau i kō ka wai, ma hope o ka iki kona (particles) e hoike mai, a lilo iʻike makaʻole. E like me ka hopena, ka mea hiki ole ke kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia e ka maka kapa ole. i kapaia homogeneous paha homogeneous ia nā mea huihuina. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ia mea i ka lewa, kakolina, kai, i na uhane ino, a me ka meaʻala palemo iho, he oka a pau o ke keleawe a me ka Aluminum. E like me 'oe ke ike, i ka homogeneous läÿau, hiki ia i loko o kekahi mau Hawaii o ka aggregation, akā, me ka loa, he pono ole ke kinowai. Ka mea, i kekahi kapa pāʻoihana.

Ma heterogeneous ole heterogeneous nā mea huihuina o (particles) e e hookoaia kanaka waiwai. Hao, a me ka lāʻau sawdust, ke one, a me ka paʻakai i kā lākou typical examples. mea Inhomogeneous nā mea huihuina i haawi ia ia i ke kula. Iwaena o lakou hoomaopopo Wehe 'ia mai a me emulsions. Ka haku mele 'ana ka loaʻa o ka wai mua, a me ka paa. Penei, he emulsion mea i ka läÿau, o ka wai a me ke one. Emulsion o ka huapalapala a mau ke kinowai me ka okoa densities.

Aia heterogeneous läÿau, a me kekahi inoa. Penei, he hoohalike mea polystyrene hua, a me aerosols nā ka noe, uwahi, deodorants, ea fresheners, antistatics.

Nā Papahana O Ka kaʻawaleʻana o nā mea huihuina

He oiaio, he nui i huiʻia i oi mea eʻoi aʻe waiwai ma mua o ka 'ona kanaka ia kaawale, komo pū i loko o ko lākou mau haku mele' ana. Akā, e like me ka maʻamau o ke ola, aia no na wahi, i hiki ia mea, e pono e kaʻana. A i loko o ke kaʻina hana mākou i ka nānā 'ana i ka pau-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. No ka laʻana, mai ka aila, e like me ka hopena o kona aaioee loaa kakolina, gasoil, kerosene, wahie aila, mīkini ka aila a me ka solyarovoe, aʻe paha, acetylene a me ka benzene. E hoolaulea, maikaʻi, e hoʻohana i kēia mau huahana ma mua, e kuni i ka meaʻaila thoughtlessly.

Ano, e ina he mea e like me ka mea i Nine Inch epekema no ka hookaawale ana nā mea huihuina o ka ike. E ka olelo aku, mai ka koʻana koko paʻakai pāʻoihana, ua pono e kiʻi i ka maemae waiwai. A hiki i keia läÿau, mea e mau eʻenaʻena ai. E like me ka hopena, huli i ka wai i loko o mahu, a me ka paakai ua crystallized. Akā, ka mea, aole e hiki i ka hou 'ana o kekahi' ona i loko o 'ē aʻe. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka kumu o kēia kaʻina hana i ke kino aiʻike manaʻo.

Nā Papahana O Ka kaawale ana o nā mea huihuina hilinaʻi ma luna o ka moku'āina o aggregation, ke hiki, e solubility koena unuhi i loko o hoolapalapa ana wela, a me ka pa apŘ haku mele 'ana o kona eiiiiiaiou. E hoi kakou i kela mea keia mea o kēia i loko o oi au mamuli me kekahi examples.

'oʻoleʻa

Kēia iaoia He pono no ka hookaawale ana i nā mea huihuina i pihaʻi me wai ma loko, a me ka insoluble paa. No ka laʻana, ka wai a me ka muliwai one. He läÿau, e hele ma waena o ka Kānana. E like me ka hopena, maemae ka wai, e hele wiwo ole ma ia, a me ke one, e noho.

maluhia iho la

Kekahi ki ina hana like o ka hookaawale ana nā mea huihuina ma muli o ka hana o ka umekaumaha. Pela i maemae waiwai hiki ke decomposed Wehe 'ia mai a me emulsions. Inā pa nō hoʻi kaʻaila, e like me ka läÿau, pono mua e lulu i ka wai. A laila haʻalele ia i ka manawa. E like me ka hopena, i ka wai, e ia ma ka lalo o ka moku, a ma ke ano o ka aila ho film, e uhi ia.

Ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua kumu no ka sedimentation ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi separatory funnel. E like me ka hopena o kona hana Ua oi anuanu wai ua hookuu i ka moku, a me ka malamalama koe.

Maluhia iho la kaʻina ua wehewehe aku ma ka haʻahaʻa pele kōmi. Inā ua nele i kekahi manawa, e lilo sludge. Ma hanalima rula, i kēia kaʻina ua lawe mai i loko o nā hale kūikawā kapa sumps.

hana Mākēneki

Inā ka haku mele ka loaʻa o ka läÿau, o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia me ka Mākēneki. No ka laʻana, e kaawale hao a me ka lāʻau sawdust. Akā, ina paha a pau ke hooheheeia loaa ia mau waiwai? 'Aʻole i pau. No keia hana mea wale nō e pono nā mea huihuina i loaʻa ferromagnets. Aʻo kekahi hoʻi, e ka hao a me nā nikala, cobalt, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium.

distillation

Keia inoa ua unuhi mai Roma o ia hoʻi, "dripping kulu." Distillation eaaaony epekema no ka hookaawale ana nā mea huihuina ka nānā 'ana ma luna o nä mea i loko o nā kapuahi wahi waiwai. Penei, a hiki ma ka hale i hoʻolilo 'hiki ke maheleia ka waiʻona, a me ka wai. Ka mea mua i hoʻomaka e evaporate i ka wela o ka 78 kekelē Kelekia. Ua haawiia anu surfaces waiʻona ohu Punk, lilo ana i ka wai.

I hana keia hana, i ka aila hoohehee maemae au ia huahana, he ala e, maemae ke hooheheeia.

Omoāea a me ka crystallization

Kēia mau kiʻina hana e pono no ka hookaawale ana nā mea huihuina o ka wai a pāʻoihana. Waiwai a i komo i loko o ko lākou haku mele 'ana, okoa baila aʻela i ka papa. Pela, e mea hiki ke loaa mai i ke kō a me ka paʻakai nā pōaka mai i ka wai i loko o a ka mea, i mea hoʻoheheʻe. A hiki i keia pāʻoihana ua wela, a evaporated i ka paʻa kūhohonu loa moku'āina. Ma keia hihia, nā pōaka i precipitated. Inā he mea pono ke loaa i ka wai maʻemaʻe, laila, ua lawe mai ka pāʻoihana i hoolapalapa, a mahope condensation o ka mahu ma luna o ke anu ili.

Nā Papahana O Ka kaawale o ke kinoea nā mea huihuina

Ke gaseous läÿau, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ua keʻena hoʻokolohua a me ka hanalima epekema no ka mea, ke kaʻina koi kūikawā lako a pan. Ka maka mea o ka maoli ka molekumu o ka lewa, Coke, mīkini hana wāwahie, a me ka hui pu maoli kinoea, a mea he lākou o hydrocarbons.

Helu ano o ke kaawale ana o nā mea huihuina, na kēia mau mea i loko o ka gaseous moku'āina:

• Condensation - mea he kaʻina o gradual anuanu maila 'o ka läÿau,, ma a ka condensation o kona wahi. Ma keia mua kekahi, i ka kinowai sostonie kiʻekiʻe baila aʻela i waiwai, a i ohi ia ma na separators. Pela i loaa mai Coke-umu kinoea, hydrogen, a ua kaawale ammonia mai ka hapa unreacted o ka läÿau,.
• Sorption - o ke omo o kekahi mau waiwai'ē aʻe. Kēia kaʻina hana i kue eiiiiiaiou ma waena o i equilibrium ua kukuluia ma ka naoh. noi aku kekahi mau rula no ka mea mua a me ka aʻe kaʻina. Ma ka hihia mua, he huihui 'o kiʻekiʻe puʻe a me ka haahaa ana wela. Oia kekahi kaʻina ua kapaia sorption. I ka mea e ku pono hihia, he e ku pono aku ana: haʻahaʻa puʻe ma kiʻekiʻe ana wela.
• Kaʻili lahilahi kaawale - kekahi papa hana ma i hoʻohana semipermeable i pohā waiwai selectively kekahi, nā lātoma o kekahi mau waiwai.
• Reflux - condensation o nā mea huihuina o kiʻekiʻe-baila aʻela i kaʻai, mai kā lākou ka huʻihuʻiʻana. pono oko nui o ka wela o ke hoʻololi i ka kinowai moku'āina o na kanaka eiiiiiaiou.

chromatography

hiki ke unuhi ia ka inoa o kēia hana i "keleawe palapala". Manao wale ia i ka wai hou a hiki i ka inika. I ka wā i hooluuia i loko o ka läÿau, o ka pau ana o ka Kānana pepa, ia e hoʻomaka i ka e ke kemu. Ka wai e e ke kemu hou koke i ka inika i ua pili me ka loli iki ana degere o ka sorbed waiwai. Chromatography mea ole wale ke ano o ka hookaawale ana nā mea huihuina, akā, no hoi ma o na waiwai o ka 'ona e like me maholahune a me ka solubility.

No laila, ua hui mākou me ka manaÿo i "maemae waiwai" a me ka "nā mea huihuina". Ka mua, he hehee wale paha i huiʻia e komo wale no (particles) o ka kekahi ano. Lākou mau examples i ka paakai, kōpaʻa, ka wai distsillirovannaya. Läÿau, - he huihui 'ana o ke kanaka waiwai. E hookaawale ia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka helu o ke ki ina hana like. A hana o ke kaawale ana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka physical waiwai o kona constituents. Ka nui ikaika nā maluhia iho la, ke omoāea, crystallization, kānana, distillation, chromatography a me ka Mākēneki hana.