"Red Army mokuahana": ano, mōʻaukala a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

"Red Army mokuahana" o kekahi o ka loa loa-ike hema-'ēheu hui o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 20th kenekulia. Kona hana i nō kēlā wā i kēia wā controversial i loko o ka Kelemānia, a me ka global lehulehu. Ka pūʻulu hoʻohana i loko o ka palena o ka Pekelala Repubalika o Hawaii, a ua kaulana no kona kāʻeʻaʻeʻa hana i hana 'ia i loko o ka inoa o ke kipi, a me ka paio e ku ei ka capitalist nenoaiu. Manaʻo a me nā kiʻi o ka RAF (keia ailona ua pinepine i loaʻa i loko o Lūkini-ōlelo kumu like Kelemānia hui i kapaʻia ka Rote Armee Fraktion) pinepine hoopiha opiopio leftists i keia la.

Kāʻei kua o THE

"Red Army mokuahana" kauoha aku iʻikeʻia ma ka makahiki 1968. Eia naʻe, mai ai nui mamua aku i ka hoʻolālā o ka pae. Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, i mokuahana Germany. Ke komohana loa i noho ma ka 'Amelika a me ka Beritania kaua. Ma keia wahi, i ka capitalist Pekelala Repubalika o Kelemania, ua hookumuia oia. Ke aupuni i loko o ke kaukaʻi nui ma luna o ka 'Amelika. Ma ka 1960s he hou hanauna o ka mea aʻu e e hoomanao i ka Nazi'āina. Ka mea, i loko o ko lākou mauʻaoʻao ano i nā hanana o ka hapa mua o ka 20th kenekulia, a no ka mea, o ka mea i hanaʻia ai ka nahā i waena a me ka poe hou kanaka nui mua kanaka. I waena o ka pilina ua lilo increasingly mahalo leftist nā manaʻo. Ua au i hoomaka ai e ulu inaina i ke aupuni, a me ka Amerika Huipuia o Amerika, a i he nui hopena ma luna o ke ola a me ka kālai'āina o Germany.

US imperialism

Ma hope o ka US kaua o Vietnam eha ma ka naau wale māhuahua. Ma Europa, he nalu o Anati-American kue. Ka hapanui kēia mau mea, he mau haumāna nā hōʻike. Ma ka palena o ka Pekelala Repubalika o Germany loaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a papa hana, a i ka'ā'īʻoʻoleʻa kū'ē i kaʻikena? Eia. No ka mea, o ka ka puʻuwai a me ka repression, a pau kēia mau papa hana i ole malama i ka hale kanawai. Ma ka hapa mua o na 60s haumāna pūʻulu hoonohonoho likeʻole rallies, a kue, a pau i maluhia. Wā e hiki mai nā lālā o ka RAF i politically kaila. Akā, ho'āʻo a pau, e ho okumu i ka hoʻonohonoho 'ole ia e hooleiia i ka pomaikai. Ke kū'ē Ua maheleia i uuku kaawale ahahui i meaʻano nui hoʻoili i loko o ideological hoopaapaa.

i komo

"Red Army mokuahana" i ole he nui pili aupuni ikaika a me ka nui 'ole. Kona hana i komo i ike kekahi i kekahi, a ua nui loa huna nae. Over ka wa e ola ana o ka hui, he ole aku ma mua o ka haneri kanaka, mai ka nń ku'āina. Eia naʻe, RAF ua hana pono mai me nā'ano'ē hema-'ēheu, a Communist a papa hana ma Germany, a ma kahi e aku. "Red Army mokuahana" a me ka "Red Brigades" e pinepine i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ke ami hoi pololei hana, a kokua kekahi i kekahi.

Ma ka mole o ke RAF ua Manuela Baader. He Ua hānauʻia i loko o kekahiʻohana o nā moʻolelo a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kupunawahine. Koke ma hope o ka puka, lalau iho la ia i kaʻeleu kaiapili hana. Ho'āʻo e wehe i ka olu i noho mau keiki,ʻo ia komo i loko o nā hanana likeʻole a me ka hōʻike. Ma hope o ka huikau ike me Gudrun Ensslin hoʻomaka e kaua aku i ka bourgeoisie, a me ka Kelemānia aupuni. No hoi me ke alakaʻi i ke kapa Ulriku Maynhof. Her moʻolelo ka mea i like loa me ka biographies o nā lālā 'ē aʻe koʻikoʻi o ka RAF. Ulrika kakahiaka koe me na makua. Ua lawe mai au ma ka hoahanau. At kulanui i aʻo ai kālaiʻike a me ka sociology. A laila, hanaʻo ia ma nā paʻi puke. A hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i hālāwai ka Sepania'ano'ē hema. kakau iho la oia i kekahi mau kaulana hana i pili aupuni 'epekema a me ka kālaiʻike. Together me Baader a me Ensslin Ulrike limahana ma ka aa ana o ka mākeke nui, a ua i ka ho omaka. Ua mea no ka hale kūʻai nui lehu ma Frankfurt he ua he "Red Army mokuahana".

escalation

I ka makahiki 1968, nā lālā o ka RAF ua hana mai kekahi 'ē aʻe. A me nā hema-eheu kanaka, e komo i loko o ka hōʻike. I ka Ia manawa, hoomaka ae la makou e hoopaa kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka manawa kūpono o ka hanaʻino i kona mau hoa paio. No laila, mai ka opiopio poʻe moeʻuhane, huli ui kanaka i loko o ka hoʻoponopono poʻe hoʻoweliweli, ka poe i makaukau no kekahi mea. Haliu ae la ia wahi i loko o ka ideology o ka "Red Army mokuahana" hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka h ÷ ike i ka makahiki 1967. Ma June 2, Federal Repubalika o Kelemania, hele mai la ka Shah Irana Mohammed Pahlavi. A laila, na tausani o ka poʻe i hele mai e ikaika aku i ka Muslim dictator. An huhu lehulehu hoomaka ae la e clash me ka makai, i kūpono i loko o kekahi o nā policemen pana ma ka haumāna Benno Ohnesorg. A laila, na revolutionaries opiopioʻike ihola i ka'ōnaehana e ole ae ia oluolu, e hohola lākou mau manaʻo.

puhi hale

A makahiki ma hope, kekahi mau lala o ka RAF i ke ahi i ka nui hale kūʻai nui i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Frankfurt. E like me na instigators o keia hana ka mea, ua i hoʻomaopopo i ka Europa malu o ka mea i loaʻa i na aina e, kahi a na kanaka e loaa ana ma muli o ia kaua kaua ma na imperialists. Ke ahi symbolized napalm, a US koa, Nākulukulu nō ma luna o Wiekanama kauhale, kuni ma ka honua ia lakou. A pau i komo puhi hale hopu i kekahi mau lā ma hope. Ka mea, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka makahikiʻekolu o kona hoohewaia e i loko o ka panalaau ia. Naʻe, ua olelo ua kena ae la eha ma ka naau ma ka komohana Kelemānia lehulehu. Ke kue puʻe wale akula kēlā i ke aupuni, e wehe i nā lālā a pau o ka RAF ma bail.

Direct hana

Nine lā ma hope o ka aa ana o kekahi o na lala o ka pae loa-pono i ka hoao ana o ka haumāna-Socialist Rudi Dutschke. Ma hope iho o kēia ho'āʻo RAF luna olelo, e komo i ka oi'ano'ē hana. Ka mea, i ole ma ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo, a hūnā, mai na Aupuni. Eia naʻe, i loko o ka makahiki 1970, ka makahiki Baader hopu. Ulrike Meinhof nō e lawe mai i ka kāʻeʻaʻeʻa kumumanao no ke kala o ko lākou colleague. I kekahi luawai-ike kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa, oia literally kikeke ana ia ia iho 'ae e ninaninau i Andreas. Ua Ua haawiia i ke Institute o Sociology. Ma ka halawai, Ulrike i kekahi pu me a hana eha aku la i ka poe kiai, a holo aku la me Baader.

Koke kauwela ua hoouna RAF manifesto i loko o kekahi o ka Kelemānia nā puke. Lakou ia lakou iho lala manaʻo pakele Andreas hoʻomaka o kona hanana. Meaning o ka hua'ōlelo " 'ulaʻula kaua" he mokuahana wehewehe pehea ka pili a hiki i ka Lūkini hoʻokahuli aupuni kaua i ka 1918. No ke kumu o ke ki ina hana like o kaua i ka revolutionaries lawe i ka hana o Roma kipi a me kā lākou mau hoʻokiwikā guerrilla.

guerilla kaua

I ka makahiki mua ma hope o ka pakele ana o Baader RAF mau lala ka hoʻomaka 'hoomakaukau ana no ka guerrilla kaua. Lakou i hao i ka ÿauhau kaʻa a me ka hao mau kapa a pau. ¶ A i loko o Pelelina, he nalu o ka aihue o ka palapala hoʻolaha. Na Group Ua hoʻokumu i ka loa kilakila lola honua i ulanaʻia. Ua nui kākoʻo o ka Kelemānia "Red Army", ka he mokuahana ua hoomau e hohola iho, a me ka Promotional mea. Ke aupuni loa ma luna o ka'ano'ē, e hai ia i loko o ke aupuni pekelala makemake ai papa.

I ka makahiki 1972 ua ka mua nui hoʻoweliweli hoouka. Hema-'ēheu ikaika o ke kahua i ka moʻo o bombings ma Germany. Nā mea o ka ho'āhewa wale i Ua i ka paa ana o kalaiaina, a me na poe mikanele o ka Amerika Huipuia. E like me ka hopena o RAF hana 4 kanaka i make a me kekahi mau kakini poino.

I ka hopu ana o luna

Ma ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1972 lālā o ka RAF a pau koʻikoʻi i hopu. Ma ka hui ana o "Red Army mokuahana" laila, ua palapala mai i ke ao nei paʻi. Hoku Welowelo detainees hele mai, mai pono-ikeia e ka poe kakaolelo. Leftists a puni ka honua paa kue. Ke kaulana Palani akeakamai Jean Pol Sartr kipa kino Kelemania, a halawai me ka poe pio Baader. Ke kiʻi o ka poe hoike aku ia pūʻali koa i mea hou kākoʻo ma ka ai-kapaia "lua o ka hanauna o ka RAF". Ka mea, hua mai la i ka moʻo o ka pepehi kanaka a me ka mea pani-lawe i ka mea e loaa mai i ke Aupuni o ke kalaʻana aku Kelemānia o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli.

Kekahi o ka loa kaulana hihia hiki e manao like i ke kāʻili 'ana i o ka mokulele ahakanaka "Lufthansa" lala o ka Popular Front no ka Liberation o Palesetina. Aka hoi, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i nā luna a pau o ka RAF e ola hale paʻahao. I 1976-1977, a pau no ia mau mea make i loko o ka halepaahao ma lalo kupua 'Shtamhaym. E like me ka mana, i ke kumu o ka make i ka like he pepehi anaʻia iā iho. Naʻe, i kēia mana 'aʻole i nele credibility, aka e haawiia me ka oolea o ka maʻiʻo a me ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli he pepehi anaʻia iā iho i loko o mehameha hoopaaia.

noho male '

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Baader, Meinhof a me kekahi poe e ae ma ka RAF, he poʻe koa o nā ukali. No ka oi ma mua o nā makahiki he iwakālua, ua i ka mea e maoi ho'āhewa wale ma kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe luna a me ka nui hui. I ka 1998, oia oki ia nei "Red Army mokuahana". Hoike mai i ka hai mau lala o ka ai-i kapaia o "ha o ka hanauna". ka mea, kuhikuhi mai i ke kumu o ka futility o ka paio hou, a me ka manaʻo koikoi o ka repressive hana o ka moku'āina.

Aka hoi, ma ka meakino o ka intelligentsia hema, ua nui na poe kokua o ke RAF a hiki i kēia lā. Ma na naau o ka opiopio revolutionaries mea ola, "Red Army mokuahana". I ka moolelo o keia pae i hana i ke kumu no na mea he nui Film a me nā mele.