Social 'ole

Society Ua i mai no na mea he nui okoa hehee wale, a i ka ikaika AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN - HEN, mai kanaka, kaiapili kulanui i kaiaulu nui. A pau keia ua komo i loko o ka manaʻo o ka lawelawe 'ole. Ma nā hua'ōlelo i kana olelo ana, keia ka mea māhele, hehee wale haku ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka lehulehu e pili ana, a hana kūleʻa ka mea, ua. I sociology, i ka manawa mua i ka manaʻo o ka 'ole o ke kaiāulu e pili Herbert Spencer, ka mea i hoʻomaopopo i kēia manawa i ka pilina paʻa pilina ma waena o ka nohona meaola a me kona kanaka māhele. He ua, i ka mau, ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua hoohalikeia ia i ke kino. By H. Spencer, pili nohona e - kēia kaʻina hana, o ka wahi o ka interconnected ooieoeiiaeuiuo oihana mua a me ka pili ma waena o lakou, ho okumu i na mea nenoaiu.

Aia i kekahi mau wehewehe ana o ka makahiki. No ka laʻana, i kekahi o ia mau mea: i ka pili nohona e - i kekahiʻaoʻao o ka interconnection a me ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka oihana mua, oia hoi, kanaka i keakea me lehulehu kulana (statuses) a me ka hana i ho'ākāka 'oihana (pelekikena a). Ua hiki ke ike i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i loko o kēia ho'ākāka 'ana - nā kumu o ka' ōlelo a me ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. A i 'ole, no ka laʻana, he ho'ākāka' ana e lawe i ka nui o ka papa a me strata o ke kaiāulu: nohona 'ole mea i ke kaʻina o ka lehulehu kulana, interconnected a me ka interacting, hierarchically kauoha ma ka hua'ōlelo o ko lākou stratification.

Nā waiwai o ka pili nohona e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kēia aiaiiuo:

1. Interdependence.

2. kūpaʻa.

3. E ke kumu, e kaha.

4. E hoʻoholo i ka hopena ma luna o empirically malama kŰia.

Social 'ole e like me ka'ōnaehana - ia mea he iaoia interconnection subsystems e pāʻani aku i loko o ia, a hōʻoia' kona ano hoopono. He aha subsystems i komo i loko o ka lehulehu'ōnaehana? Social 'ole nā kanaka i kekahi pūʻulu o kanaka (kaiāulu), hui ma kekahi ana, i ko lakou mau wahi i pili, ka pili a me ka hana kūleʻa, okoa ka hoʻonohonohoʻia a me nā hui, pūʻulu, kaiāulu, rula, cia, a me ka oi. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau kumu, wahi o ka 'ole i ia i loko o ka ua pilina me ka' ē aʻe, kūlana 'i kekahi wahi, a no ka pāʻani i ke kūlana i ho'ākāka' ia ma kaiāulu.

Ka loa piha Ka Ikepili o ka nohona i haawiia mai e Karl Marx, ka poe i hoike mai i ka pili aupuni, ka moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻomana, ao ke ano o ke ola hilinaʻi ma luna o keʻano o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo. He noʻonoʻo i ka waiwai kumu e hoʻoholo i ka ideological a me ka moʻomeheu superstructure o ke kaiāulu. Na hahai a me na haumana o Karl Marx i manaoia kekahi i kekahi mau mea okoa e pili ana, e noonoo pono i ka nohona, ka manaʻo politika a me ideological hui o kŘpa a hana nona iho, a kalele iho ma luna o ka waiwai ke keʻena wale nō e ho'ōla.

Akā, manaʻo o Karl Marx, a me kona mau ukali ma ka nohona ana i loko o ka 'ole o ke kaiāulu ua i ka mea wale nō kekahi. Penei, Durkheim kakau iho la, i ka nui, e lawelawe hui pāʻani he kūlana loa nui i loko o ka hoʻohui 'ana o ke kaiāulu, e lawe mai ana i kahi hookahi i nā māhele o ia pu. He kaukahi, no na mai nā ano o mall hoahanau: mechanistic a me ke aloha kūpaʻa. Weber aʻo, a hana ka Ikepili o ka huiʻoihana hooponopono ma ka hui: market, bureaucracy a me kālai'āina.

T. Parsons manaoio i ka Company mea he kūikawāʻano o ka lawelawe 'oihana, a i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka specialization a me ka hoʻoponopono-mea. Ooieoeiiaeuiiai ke kuikahi ana o ke kaiāulu kanaka, e like me ka'ōnaehana manao ma ka lawelawe subsystems, i ka mea ana i wahi i ka hoʻokele waiwai (ka hoʻololiʻana), kālai'āina (tseledostizheniya), moʻomeheu (hāpana ka hoʻoponopono). Integrative ia ke kaiāulu kanaka, kuleana pili i ka nānā 'ana i ka'ōnaehana "kānāwai kaiāulu" oia hoi o kaʻano nui hoʻokonukonu' ole.