South Kuril mokupuni: mōʻaukala, affiliation

Ke kaula o nā mokupuni ma waena o Kamchatka a me Hokkaido, ka convex piʻo aku ma waena o ke kai o Okhotsk a me ka moana Pakifika, ma ka palena o Rusia a me Japan nō ka South Kuril Islands - he pūʻulu o Habomai, Shikotan, Kunashir a me Iturup. Mau wahi iʻaʻa e ko kakou poe hoalauna, a hiki pū iā lākou i loko o ka Kepani Kulanakauhale o Hokkaido. No ka mea, kēia mau mea o ka nui oicyenoaaiiie a me ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui, i ke kaua no ka Hawaiian Kuril Islands mau no na makahiki.

Tilly

Shikotan mokupuni mea ma luna o ka mea like ka latitu me ke kulanakauhale o Sochi mea subtropical, a oi ma lalo - ma ka latitu o Anapa. Naʻe, i ke aniau o ka lani, aia i loa mamua, a ua ole i manaoia. South Kuril Islands ua mau no a hiki i ka Hōʻole akula North, akā, hiki ole hoi hoohewa aku i ka nui Artic aniau. Eia winters mea nui milder, kai mehana o ka luna hoʻomalu,ʻaʻole loa wela. Kēia wela, i ka wā i loko o Feberuari - ka coldest mahina - hōʻike i ke ana wela kākaʻikahi ma lalo -5 kekelē Kelekia ma, a hiki kiʻekiʻe humidity kai moku'āina hoonele i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole. like kokoke alo Pacific hoʻonāwaliwali ka hopena i emi kokoke Arctic Monsoon Hawaiian aniau ua me ka nui loa hoʻololi. Inā na ka'ākau Kuril Islands ma ke kauwela o ka 10, ma ka awelika, o ka South Kuril Islands ua mau lalana ana ia ia i ai i +18. Sochi mea ole, o ka papa, akā,ʻaʻole Anadyr.

Ensimatic piʻo mokupuni aia ma ka lihi o ka una honua ma luna o Okhotsk subduction ciia kahi o ka una honua welau. No ka mea oi loa o ka South Kuril Pae Aina i uhiia e mauna, ma ka mokupuni o Atlasova kiekie loa piko - elua tausani oi ma mua o mika. Aia nā lua pele, no ka mea, a pau ka Kurile Islands moe i loko o ka Pacific pele apo o ke ahi. Aia ka loa kiʻekiʻe a me ka hawewe aayoaeuiinoe. He kanakolu-eono o ke kanaono hana lua pele i loko o ka Kuril Islands i ewalu koi ikaika pono ana. Ana no na olai i kokoke ikaika, a laila, hele mai no ka pilikia o ko ka honua i ka nui loa kai eʻe. No laila, Shikotan, Simushir Paramushiro pinepine ae la oia a me na'lii loli ana ma keia poino. No nui kai eʻe he ka makahiki 1952, 1994 a me 2006.

Resources, flora

Ma ka Hawaiian ciia, a ma ka mokuna o nā mokupuni ia lakou iho e kaupaona i nā me ke koe o ka aila, ma kona ano maoli kinoea, o Hereme, he nui ka helu o ka ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia. No ka laʻana, kokoke i ka lua pele Curly i ke ao nei ka richest ike hoʻokomo kālā o ka rhenium. Tazhe hema Kuril mokupuni kaulana no ka hoʻouku ka oiwi luaipele. Eia, i ka mau gula waiwai - 1867 tona, a me ke kala he nui loa - 9284 tons, titanium aneane he kanaha miliona tons, hao -ʻelua haneri a me kanahiku-ekolu miliona tona. Ano, i ka hooulu ana o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai e kali ana no ka maikaʻi manawa, ka mea, uaʻoi aku ko lākou mau i loko o ka aina, koe wale no he wahi e like Hawaiian Sakhalin. Kuril Islands i mau hiki ke ike i kekahi mau keʻena aupuni i kekahi lâ ua. Wale nōʻelua o ka Straits o ka Kuril Islands i navigable a pau makahiki puni, no ka mea, aole ia i pa ahau. Kēia mokupuni o ka South Kuril - Urup, Kunashir, Iturup, a ma waena o ia - Straits Ana Vries.

Ma waho nā minelala hao, eia nui no hoi na waiwai e pili ana i na kanaka. Kēia flora a? Aaoa o ka Kuril Pae Aina. Ua loli aʻe nui, mai ka akau i ka hema, e like me kā lākou lōʻihi mea nui nui iho la ia. Ma ka akau o ka Kuril Islands ka loa sparse kanu, a ma ka hema - coniferous nahele mea kupaianaha Sakhalin kaa, Kurile larch, spruce Ajan. Eia hou kekahi, a me ka laulā-E haʻalele nō i nā lāʻau i loko o ka mokupuni e uhi i nā kuahiwi, a me nā puʻu komo loa 'Imi: curly lāʻauʻoka, elm a me ka maple laau, kumu waina kalopanax, hydrangeas, Actinidia, lemongrass, haʻakea, a mea' ē aʻe. O Magnolia ma Kushanire ma laila - ka wale hihiu? Ueo obovate Magnolia. Ka hapanui o māhele o nā mea kanuʻai i ka South Kuril Islands (panorama Hawaii photo pili ana) - he Kurilʻohe, nona impenetrable o nā lāʻau kukū hūnā, mai na maka mai o na kumu o na mauna a me ka ulu lua penei. Mauʻu 'aneʻi no ka mea, o ka mehana a me ka humid aniau mau loa kiʻekiʻe a me ka e lauwili. A hailonaʻana o ka hua i hiki ke extracted ma ke kalepa pālākiō: lingonberry, crowberry, honeysuckle, blueberries, a he nui na mea e ae.

Animals, manu a me ka iʻa

Ka Kuril Islands (ka oi aku okoa ma keia manao akau) eleele bea'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akulaʻo ia me ia ma Kamchatka. Ma ka hema, ka mea makemake e like me nui, ināʻaʻole no ke alo o ka Lūkini koa kumu. Na mokupuni e uuku, ka bea pili i rockets pili loa i ke ola. Akā, oi loa ma kaʻaoʻao hema hailona o nāʻalopeke, no ka mea, no ia mea, he nui loa eʻai. Small rodents - he nui ka helu a me kaʻano o? Ueony, eia no hoi loa pohihihi keia. Mai ka'āina mammalsʻaneʻi nōʻehā poe: opeapea (eleele lōʻihi-puluʻaha, Myotis), 'Olu,ʻiole a me nāʻiole, Moana (ʻalopeke, bea, he meaʻuʻuku, a me ka mink sable).

O nā mammals i loko o ka Hawaiian wai o ka mokupuni ola kai otters, Anthurium (he ano o insular sila), kai liona a me ka kai bipi. A iki aku, mai ke kahakai ka mea, he nui o cetaceans - Dolphins, kai'ō koholā,'ō koholā,'ō koholā, sperm'ō koholā a me ka'ākau floaters. Accumulations o puluʻaha sila, e malama kai liona puni o ka mokuna o ka Kuril Pae Aina, oi loa aku hoi i ka hailona o ia ma luna o Iturup Island. I ka manawa e hiki ke ike panalāʻau o für sila, a ma kaʻumiʻumi sila, ke komo lima o sila, impellers. mea hoʻonani o nā meaola kai - kai otters. Aia für ua ma luna o ka verge o ia'na i loko o ka loa i nā hala. Ano, o ka pilikia ua ke kiʻekiʻe o ua kūponoʻia me nā otters. Fish i loko o ka Hawaiian wai mea o ka nui oicyenoaaiiie nui, akā, ua nui a me ka pāpaʻi, a me clams, a me ka hee, a me ke kai kaʻukama, a pau crustaceans, limu. I ka nui o ka South Kuril Islands uaʻano nui ku MeaʻAi O Ke Kai? Iecaianoaaiiuo. I mau, hiki ke kapaia keia wahi me exaggeration kekahi o ka loa hoʻomāhuahua ai like i loko o ka moana.

Koloniala manu lakou i ka nui a me ka Waimanalo rookeries. Ua fulmars, petrels, pelikana, likeʻole gulls, kittiwake, guillemot, deadlocks, a me na mea he nui, he nui hou aku. He nui 'aneʻi, a me ka Red Book, pohihihi - albatrosses a me petrels, mandarin Duck, osprey,ʻaeto,ʻaeto, peregrine manu lele, merlin, ulaula-kau nā manuʻioʻio a me Ulili, iana. Overwinter ma ka Kuriles mai Duck - mallard, teal, Gogol, noketura, mergansers, kai aeto. O ka ihu, he wahi lihi iki o ka maʻamau a me ka manu liilii a me cuckoos. Wale ma Iturup elua haneri hou ma mua o laha 'o ka manu, o ka i hoʻokahi haneri - aiacayueony. Ka Kuril hookoe ola kanawalu-eha laha 'mai i heluʻia i loko o ka Red Book.

Mōʻaukala: kaʻumikumamāhiku o ka Luna

Kuril Islands hihia i ole hōʻike inehinei. Ma mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ke Kepani, a Russian Ainu mākou i noho ai iʻaneʻi, ka poe i halawai hou kanaka me ka hua'ōlelo "kuru", i ke ano o ia - kanaka. Russian lalau aku la ia i ka olelo, a me kā lākou Quotes, a kapa maoli "Kuriles". Nolaila i ka inoa o ka pae'āina holoʻokoʻa. Na Japanese i ka mua palapala'āina o Sakhalin a me Kuriles a pau. Ua hiki i ka 1644. Eia naʻe, ala ae la i laila, i ka Kuril Islands hoopaapaa, no ka mea, i ka makahiki mua nā palapala o ka māhele 'āina i i e ka Hōlani, alakaʻiʻia de Ka Vries.

Honua, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma. Akā, ia mea pololei ole. Freese, ka inoa i haawiia ia ia loaa ka pilikia, Iturup wahi a hiki i ka hikina ńkau o Hokkaido, a me Urup manaoia kekahi hapa o North America. Ma Urup ka mea, Ua hoʻouka kekahi keÿa, a ua hai aku i kēia'āina a pau i ka waiwai o ka Netherlands. A Russian hele mai iʻaneʻi i ka 1646 me ka huakaʻi o Ivan Moskvitina, a me Cossack Kolobov me ka he kūoʻo inoa Nekhoroshkov Ivanovic hope hai colorfully e pili ana i ka mea ma kaʻumiʻumi paha Ainu e ola ana i loko o ka mokupuni. Next, he uuku oi nui ike i hele mai, mai Kamchatka huakaʻi Vladimir Atlasova i ka 1697.

umikumamawalu kenekulia

I ka moolelo o ka South Kuril Islands mai nei i ka io Lūkini hele mai i kēia mau 'āina i ka 1711. Kamchatka Cossacks kipi, pepehi i nā bosses, a laila, manaʻo maikaʻi o ka mea, a hoʻoholo i ka loaʻa ke kala a me ka make. No ia mea, o ka huakaʻi'ākoakoa e hele i loko o hou uncharted aina. Daniel a me Ivan Antsiferov Kozyrevsky me ka poe ma August 1711 pae ma ka'ākau mokupuni a me Paramushir Shumshu. Kēia huakaʻi nae hou ike e pili ana i ka pau kualapa o na mokupuni me Hokkaido. Ma keia manao, i ka 1719-ka m Petero ka Nui kena ae i kaʻimi loa i ka lewa Ivanu Evreinovu a me Fedor Luzhin, ma na hana o ka pau huahelu o ka mokupuni a i hai aku Lūkini ?? eoi? Ee, a me ka mokupuni o Simushir. Akā, me ka Ainu, o ka papa, e hoolohe mai oe, a hele aku ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi o ka Lūkini tsar i i makemake ia. Wale i ka 1778 Antipin a Shabalin e hoohuli Kurilʻohana a me nā kupa o Rusia i kahi o elua tausani kanaka hala me Iturup, Kunashir a hiki Hokkaido. A i loko o ka 1779th Ana II palapala i kekahi kauoha, e hookuu i ka hikina kumuhana hou mai kekahi auhau. A hiki laila na Kepani kaua, hoomaka ae la. Ka mea, a hiki banned mai hele Russian Kunashir, Iturup a me Hokkaido.

Real mana i loko o Lūkini Aia mea ole, akā, i huki i na kahua kaua aina. A Hokkaido ma muli naʻe o ka i loko o kona mokuna i ke kulanakauhale Japanese i hoʻopaʻa 'ia no ia Rusia. Na Japanese Ua pūʻia ma luna o ka hema Kurils i na mea he nui, a pinepine, no ka i inaina mai iā lākou pono i ka kūloko heluna. Ku ole maoli i ka mea ikaika i ka Ainu, akā, wahi 'ino i ka poʻe komohewa: i ka moku ana o ka wai, i ka outpost puhi. I ka 1799, ua Ua na Kepani i ka maluhia o Iturup a me Kunashir i hoʻonohonoho. ʻOiai ka Lūkini lawaia noho malaila kekahi manawa aku nei - e pili ana i ka makahiki 1785-87, - na Kepani lākou crudely noi e haʻalele i ka mokupuni, a luku iho la ia i hoike o Lūkini alo i loko o kēia'āina. I ka moolelo o ka South Kuril Islands i mua e hoomaka ana e loaʻa i ka hana malu, akā,ʻaʻohe kekahi i ike i ka manawa ana i mea e e lōʻihi-e holo mai ana. No ka mea mua kanahiku makahiki - a 1778 - ka Lūkini me na Kepani e ole i halawai mai i loko o ka Kuriles. Ka halawai i wahi ma Hokkaido, a ma ka manawa i ole i lanakila ma Japan. Ka Japanese hele mai e kuai i ka Ainu, a eia no ka Lūkini iʻa hoohei ae. O ka holo ana, ke samurai inaina loa, hoomaka ae la e hoohaalulu ai i ka mea kaua. Ana hoouna i ke kalaiaina huakaʻi i Japan, akā, i ke kamailio ana i ua hoʻokuʻikahi.

Umikumamaiwa kenekulia - ke kenekulia o concessions

I ka 1805, e piele lākou i ke kūkā 'hoʻomau e ho'āʻo i ka kaulana Nikolai Rezanov, ka mea i hiki mai ma Nagasaki, a nele. Hiki ole ke ku i ka hilahila, ia Komikina'Āina na moku elua e hana i ka oihana huakaʻi i ka Hawaiian Kuril Islands - hoopaapaa nā panalāʻau e pahu. Ka hopena ua i ka maikai mākaia no ka luku ana o Lūkini nā hale hana, i nā mōhai na moku, a kipaku (ka poe e holo) lawaia. A helu o Kepani nā hale hana i ua luku, puhi i ke kauhale ma Iturup. Ua hele mai Russian-Japanese ana a hiki i ka hope mālama '-kaua maka.

Wale i ka 1855 ka mea i i ka mua maoli delineation o nā panalāʻau e. Hawaii Islands - Rusia, South - Japan. Hua hoʻohui ami Sakhalin. He He aloha ka mea, ua, e haawi aku i ka waiwai koʻa o ka South Kuril Islands, Kunashir - loa. Etorofu, Habomai a me Shikotan i lilo Japanese. A i ka 1875, lanakila 'Rusia i ka pono a hiki i ka undivided hoʻoilina o Sakhalin no ka haawi ana mai o nā mea a pau, me ka a koe, Japan, ka Kuril Islands.

Ka iwakalua kenekulia: o ka make a me ka lanakila

Ke Lūkini-Japanese kaua o 1905 Rusia, hoʻowahāwahā i ka hoʻokō 'ana o heroism pono mele cruisers a me gunboats i loko o ka kaiʻewaʻewa kaua, luku aku, nalowale me ke kaua a me ka hapalua o Sakhalin - hema, i ka loa waiwai. Akā, i loko o Pepeluali 1945, ka wā o ka lanakila ma luna o Nazi Kelemania, i ua hoʻoholo ma mua, i ka Soviet Union i ka mea i ano o Beritania Nui a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia:ʻo ia e lanakila, a me ka Japanese, ina mākou e hoʻi i ka aina no ia Rusia: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, ka Kuril Islands. Allies i olelo mua iaʻi, a ma o Iulai 1945 ka Soviet Union ua hookupaa iho la ia kona hoʻokô '. I ka hoʻomaka o Sepatemaba, i hoopau ai i ke ku o ka Kuril Islands ma Soviet poʻe kaua. A ma Pepeluali 1946, oia palapala i ke kānāwai ma luna o ke kahua o ka South Sakhalin māhele 'āina, i ka loaʻa o ka Kuril Pae Aina, a me ka piha, a lilo ae la kekahi hapa o ka Khabarovsk Teritore. A ua i ka hoi ana mai o ka Hema Sakhalin a me ka Kuril Islands Rusia.

Ua haʻakoi Japan e kakau i ka maluhia Kuikahi i ka 1951, a olelo i ka mea, ua i manao a me ka e ole e haawiia i ka mea e pono ai, me ke kuleana a me nā kuleana a me ka mahalo i ka Kuril Islands. A i ka makahiki 1956, ka Soviet Union, a Japan mea makaukau e kakau i ka Moscow ka HŌʻIKE I, i hōʻoia ana i ka hopena o ke kaua ma waena o na Hawaii. E like me ka hoailona o ka 'elele i ka Soviet Unionʻae e hoolilo Japan ka mau mokupuni Kuriles: Shikotan a me Habomai, akā, na Kepani hoole mai, eʻae mai ia lakou no ka mea i ka mea, he mau kuleana ma luna o nā hema mokupuni - Iturup a me Kunashir - mai i haawi mai. Eia hou i ka hopena ma luna o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia e destabilize i ke kulana, ka wā hooweliweli i loko o ka hihia o ka hōʻailona o keia palapala mea,ʻaʻole e hoʻi i ka Japanese mokupuni o Okinawa. Ia mea ke kumu a hiki i kēia manawa i ka South Kuril Islands - hoopaapaa nā panalāʻau e.

Ka Makahiki i kēia lā, i ka iwakalua-mua

I keia la, i ka pilikia o ka South Kuril Islands mea nō pili, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka lōʻihi-e kū maluhia a me ka serene ola i loko o ka māhele 'āina holoʻokoʻa. Me Japan Rusia kōkua 'ana i' Imi lawa, akā, mai ka manawa i ka manawa i kamailio ai e pili ana i ka Kuril Islands accessoriesʻilikai. I ka 2003, ua hoolohe Lūkini-Japanese hana Plan i alu like 'ana ma waena o nā aupuni elua. Luna a me ka Kuhina Nui kuhina ua panai aku kipa, kūkulu i lehulehu nā kaiapili Lūkini-Japanese aloha o kekahi pae. Eia naʻe, ua hooku iho la ia mau mea a pau ka ia kuleana ma ka Japanese, akā,ʻaʻole maliuʻia Russian.

Ke Kuʻikahi o kūpaʻa no ka hoʻi o nā panalāʻau e noho - he'aheʻelele mai ka NGO, mahalo ma lapana, iho o ka lilo i ka makahiki 2006 ma Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. I ka 2012, nae, Japan ua hoopau i ka manawa " 'ino ai hana" i no ia Rusia ma ka mea e pili ana i ka Kuril Pae Aina a me Sakhalin. A i loko o ka Kuril Islands wahi hou a kūpono 'ana o nā kumu waiwai i ke aupuni pekelala polokalamu o? Acaeoey o ka aina, mahuahua ka nui o ka hoʻolako' ia o, ma laila ua hookupaaia ka ciia me ka auhau nā makana, i ka mokupuni ua kipa ma na lani kiekie loa moku'āina luna o ka aina.

nā mea lawelawe pilikia

Pehea la e hiki aiʻoe iʻae i ka palapala kakau inoa i loko o ka February 1945 Yalta, ma ka hālāwai kūkā o ka 'oihana'āina ka Anati-Hitlerʻahahui nō i ka hopena o ka Kuril Pae Aina a me Sakhalin, ka mea e hoʻi i Rusia koke ma hope o ka lanakila ma luna o Japan? A me Japan i kau i kou inoa i ka Potsdam Kuahaua ma hope o ka wehe 'o ka inoa o ka hana hoihoi? Kakau inoa ma hope o nā mea a pau. A malaila maopopo akaka i kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana ua kaupalena' ia ka mokupuni o Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku a me Honshu. Na mea a pau! Mahele September 1945 kēia palapala i ua kakauinoaia e Japan, nolaila, a me na rula malaila hemolele, i hookupaa iho la ia.

A me ka walu o ka September 1951 i ka maluhia Kuikahi ma San Francisco i kakauinoaia, kahi āna i ua palapala kipaku aku i nā kuleana i ka Kuril Islands, a Sakhalin mokupuni a hiki i ka pili mokupuni. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i kona aupuni ma luna o kēia mau panalāʻau e noho, loaa ma hope o ka 1905 Russian-Japanese kaua, hou i pololei ia. Inā 'aneʻi ka US hana wahaheʻe loa, ohui loa tricky mahele, ma muli o ia a ka Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia a me ka' aelike ua i pūlima. Kēia aupuni nei, e like me ka manawa, ua i mālama i ka olelo, e like me he mea mau'ōlelo i loko o ke 'ano o kona nā loea kālai'āina' Ae ', akā, kekahi o kēia mau pane, e manao - ". I" US haʻalele i ka loophole i loko o ka aelike no ka Japan, i ua iki miki aʻela hoʻi i ka eha a me ka hoʻokuʻu ', no laila, nui i hiki mai ai, pepa nā manuʻioʻio ma hope o ka nukelea bombing, ua hana hou ia kona kuleana.

manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē

Ka mea, ua like penei:

1. I ka 1855, i ke Kuikahi o Shimoda Kuriles i i kūpuna inoa kikowaena o Japan.

2. Ka oihana hoʻomoana o ka Japan mea i Chishima mokupuni i ole ia i komo i loko o ka Kuril kaula, no laila, Japan i ole haalele ia, kakauinoa i ka aelike i loko o Kapalakiko.

3. Mai ka Soviet Union i kakauinoa i 'aelike i loko o Kapalakiko.

No laila, e hōʻike mai iā ia Japan ka ia kenekoa kuleana i ka Hawaiian Kuril mokupuni o Habomai, Shikotan, Kunashir a me Iturup, nona iauae ieiuaae o 5175 kuea kilomika, a me ka ai-kapaia akau nā panalāʻau e, no ke Japan. Akä naÿe i Rusia mai la oia i ka wahi mua i ka Lūkini-Japanese kaua hōʻoki aku kuikahi o Shimoda, ma ka lua o ka wahi - i Japan kakauinoa he hoakaka e pili ana i ka hopena o ke kaua, a, i waena o Alia, i oleloia e ka mau mokupuni - Habomai a me Shikotan - ka USSR ua makaukau uku ma hope o ka hōʻailona o ka maluhia kuikahi. Ma ke kolu o ka wahi Rusia aelike:ʻo ia, i ka Soviet Union i ole kakauinoa i ka pepa me ka sly hoololi. Akā, i ka'āina e like me ka mea i ike, no laila, ua mākou mālama ana.

I kona manawa me ka USSR i kamailio ai e pili ana ia kenekoa kuleana e alakai somehow kekahi kaʻao ka, akā, i ka wa a ka mea e hina, Japan i ka ikaika. Eia naʻe, apparently, a me ka manawa i kēia mau proclivities ma ka makehewa. ʻOiai i ka 2004 i ke Kuhina o ko na Aina e, a olelo mai la ia ia iʻae e kamailio e pili ana i wahi me Japan, nae, hookahi no mea e maopopo:ʻaʻohe loli i loko o ka Kuril Islands hiki ole hiki mai ana.