Space moku ahikao "Challenger" (Hawaii photo). Catastrophe moku ahikao "Challenger"

Space - airless ka lewa ma ka mahana mea i ai i -270 ° C. Ma ia heʻano pākīkē 'ia, kanaka hiki ole ola, no laila, na astronauts i mau ka maopopo mua ko lakou mau ola, e holo ana i loko o ka ike pōʻeleʻele o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ma ke kaʻina hana o këia na cosmos ua nui na ino i i koi ōlaʻi i o ola. One ia lono kaumaha milestones i loko o ka mōʻaukala o astronautics i ka make ana o ka makahiki moku ahikao "Challenger", a kūpono ma nā mea a pau o ka luina lala i make.

Pokole e pili ana i ka moku

I ka makahiki 1967, i ka United States NASA a hemo billionth polokalamu "Space Alakau System". Loko o kona? Iaeoii i, i ka makahiki 1971 ka mea, hoomaka ae la kūkulu o ka reusable spacecraft - Space moku ahikao (English Space moku ahikao, a literally translates like "makahiki moku ahikao"). Ua Ua? Oaony ia mau shuttles mea e like shuttles holo ma waena o ka Honua a me ka ka Astronomical, ala a hiki i ke kiekie o 500 ei. Ka mea, Ua manao ia e pono no ka haawi ana o payloads i orbital wahi, hana i ka pono a me ka mea hoʻonoho? Ieoaeunoai hana, noiʻi.

I kekahi o kēia mau moku,ʻo ia ka makahiki moku ahikao "Challenger" - o ka lua pokole moku ahikao kūkuluʻia ma luna o kēia polokalamu. Ma July 1982, oia i hoolilo ia NASA i loko o ka hana.

Kona inoa i loko o ka hanohano o ka seagoing moku, ka poe i aʻo i ka moana i loko o ka 1870s. Nā kūmole i heluʻia me NASA OV-99 i hoʻomākaukauʻia.

Mōʻaukala o ka holo

I 'Apelila 1983 i ka mua kahua moku ahikao "Challenger" Ua ala ae nei ia makahiki, e hoʻomaka translational ukali. Ma June o ka ia makahiki, hou au hoʻomaka 'ana no ka mea i loko o-ka Astronomical haawi ana i mau palapala ukali, a e mālama nei i mea lāʻau lapaʻau ho okolohua. Kekahi o ka moku i ka mua American wahine ma ka makahiki Ana Kealaokuuleialoha Ride.

August 1983 - ke kolu o ka moku ahikao Launch a me ka po mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka makahiki polokalamu Amelika. E like me ka hopena, i ka Astronomical kele'ōlelo ukali Insat-1B, a ho'āʻo Junior manipulator "Canadarm" Ua ee. Mission lōʻihi like 'ole ua 6 lā me ka uuku.

Ma Feberuari makahiki 1984, ka moku ahikao "Challenger" pii aku la hou i loko o ka lewa, akā, i ka huakaʻi o ka wehe 'ana i elua hou ukali i loko o ka Astronomical i hele pu ole.

Elima hoʻomaka ma April 1984. No ka mea manawa mua loa ma ka honua mōʻaukala, hoʻoponopono ukali ma ka makahiki i i. Ma October 1984 ua ka Launch o ke ono, a i ia e ke alo ma ka papa o ka spacecraft mau wahine astronauts. I loko o keia momentous holo i i ka mea mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka makahiki 'Amelika mai ma ka makahiki wahine - Ketrin Sallivan.

Hiku o ka holo ana ma April 1985,ʻewalu ma July a me ka iwa o ka holo ana i loko o October o keia makahiki, ua hoi i holomua. Ka mea, i hui pu ia e kekahi na pahuhopu nui - e hoʻomaka noiʻi i loko o ka lewa keʻena hoʻokolohua.

Umi Launch January 28, 1986 ua no ka moku ahikao a me ka luina ona.

I nui i loko o ka buke i ka "Challenger" 9 holomua poe mikanele,ʻo ia malaila 69 lā ma ka makahiki, 987 pono i ka loa a puni ka uliuli Honua, kona "holo" - 41,5 miliona kilomika.

Catastrophe moku ahikao "Challenger"

I ka pōʻino ana kokoke i ke kahakai o Hawaii, ka 28.01.1986 i 11 ka hora 39 minuke. I keia manawa, ma o ka 'Akelanika' exploded moku ahikao "Challenger." He hina ma hope o 73 kekona o ka heʻe ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 14 ei ma luna o ka honua. Pepehi a pau ehiku luina lālā.

Ma ka hoʻomaka ''ākau hoailona iho la i ke komo lima o paa booster i ua poino. Mai kēiaʻaoʻao wela i loko o ka accelerator hamama mai i ka mokulele hēkī kahe ia aku ma kaʻaoʻao ma waho o ka wahie pahu. Ka mokulele hēkī Ua luku i ka huelo paa a me ka hua ana i 'ole o ka pahu. moku 'oni iki hehee wale i uhaki i ka symmetry hookomo iho la ia a me ka ea ea. Ke spacecraft Ua auwana mai ka manao lele iho (axis), i ka hopena, ua lukuia ma lalo o ka aoao o aerodynamic wahie.

Space moku ahikao "Challenger" Ua i hoʻolako pono me ka ano o ka ke piʻoloke, no laila,ʻaʻole i ka manawa o ke ola i ke kai o ka luina ua. Akā, hiki ina ia he'ōnaehana, ina ua haule iho la na astronauts i loko o ka moana i ka mämä holo o ka ma 300 km / h. hopena o ka wai mana makemake e ia ia nō ole i kekahi makemake i ola.

hope moku

Ma 10th ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka moku ahikao "Challenger" Ua lawe ehiku kanaka:

• Frensis Richard "Dick" Scobee - 46 makahiki, moa luna koa. 'Amelika koa kahu moku, ma ke ano o ka Lutanela Colonel, NASA astronaut. He ua ola ma kana wahine, ke kaikamahine a me ke keiki. He Ua posthumously i hookoia ka mekala "Space mahuka ana".
• Michael Dzhon Smit - 40 makahiki, o ka ke kākoʻo '-ke kahu moku. Ho'āʻo kahu moku, ma ke ano o ka luna, astronaut NASA. He haʻalele i ka wahine a me na keiki ekolu. He Ua posthumously i hookoia ka mekala "Space mahuka ana".
• Ellison Shoji Onizuka - 39 makahiki, he noiʻi hoʻomalu. 'Amelika NASA astronaut o Iapana kuauhau, he ho'āʻo kahu moku, i loko o ka papa o ka lutanela colonel. Posthumously,ʻo ia i kumu kāki i ke ano o ka colonel.
• Iehudita Arlene Resnik - 36 makahiki, he noiʻi hoʻomalu. Kekahi o ka mea maikai loa nā kānakaʻenehana a me astronauts NASA. Oihana aviator.
• Ronald McNair - 35 makahiki, he noiʻi hoʻomalu. Physicist, astronaut NASA. Ma Honua, alaila, haalele iho i kana wahine, a me na keiki elua. Kâlâ keʻokeʻo posthumously Ua hookoia ka "Space mahuka".
• Gregory Jarvis - 41 makahiki, payload hoʻomalu. An lunaʻenehana. US Air Max Captain. Mai makahiki 1984, astronaut NASA. Houses aku la kana wahine a me na keiki ekolu. Kâlâ keʻokeʻo posthumously Ua hookoia ka "Space mahuka".
• Sharon Christa Corrigan McAuliffe - 37 makahiki, payload hoʻomalu. Civic. He Ua posthumously i hookoia ka mekala o Space - i ka lani kiekie loa US ia nā kumu kāki no ka astronauts.

About ka hope poʻe holomoana 'Christa McAuliffe mea e olelo aku i kekahi wahi hou aku. E like me ka sīwila ke kiʻi i ka makahiki moku ahikao "Challenger"? Ua mea hiki ole.

Krista Makoliff

Ua Ua hānauʻia ma luna o 02/09/1948 ma Boston, Hawaii. He hana me ka kumu o English, mōʻaukala a me ka kālaimeaola. He Ua mare, a he mau keiki elua.

I kona ola, hele aku ia i mau, a ana aʻelaʻo ia a hiki i ka hai hoopapa "Kumu ma Space" i loko o ka United States i ka makahiki 1984. Kona manao ua e hooiaio i na keiki, a ola kanaka ma hope e pono e hoʻomākaukau ai hiki ana lele i loko o ka lewa, a hoʻi i ka Honua. Mawaena o ka 11 tausani o ka hoʻouna 'ia palapala noi, a me ka noi ua Christa - leʻaleʻa, upbeat a me ka hana mikiʻala kumu, mai Bosetona.

Loaʻa naʻe iâ ia ka Competition. I ka Hope Pelekikena George. W. Bush (Pāhana) ma ka hana pili i loko o ka White House i haawi mai ia ia i ka uwa o ka balota, ua lele aku i ka waimaka o ka pomaikai. Ua ua he hoʻokahi-ala balota.

Ma hope o ka ekolu-mahina aʻo hoʻomalu 'ike Christa Ua makaukau e lele. Ua Ua aoia mai no ia, e wehe i ke ao kanaka, a ma luna o ka makahiki moku ahikao e pana aku au i kekahi mau haʻawina.

preflight pilikia

Initially, oiai i ka makaukau ana o ka umi o ka Launch o ka makahiki moku ahikao ua he hailona o ka pilikia.

• Mua? Oaony e paʻa i ka Launch ma January 22, mai ka Baikonur John. F. Kennedy. Akā, no ka mea, o kaʻaha hui pilikia Ka hoʻomaka 'Ua neʻe mua i ka 23, a laila, ma luna o January 24.
• Aie i ka makani ino ke ao a me ka haʻahaʻa ana wela i ka lele i ka hailonaʻana no kekahi lā.
• Hou, ma muli o keʻino inoʻula a i ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma 27 Ianuali.
• Ma ka papa o ka mea e hiki mai ana nana i kūpono i hoikeia mai kekahi mau pilikia, no laila, ka mea i hoʻoholo, e koho i kekahi hou holo lā - January 28.

Ke kakahiaka o January 28 ma ke alanui ua anu, ka mahana hāʻule i -1 ° C. ʻO nā kānakaʻenehana ka mea, ua kena ae la e hopohopo nei, a ma ke kula kamailio ana, ka mea ia NASA o ka alakaʻi i loa aku ana i i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka moku'āina o ka O-apo, a waiho hou ka hailonaʻana i ka Launch lā. Akā, ua hoomalauiaʻe mau koi. Aia i kekahi pilikia: ka Launch pale uhiia me ka hau. Ua ua he insurmountable keʻakeʻa nei, akā, "ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi", ma ka 10 am, hoomaka ae la ka hau, e hehee. Ua kohoia Ka hoʻomaka 'ana i 11 hola a me 40 minuke. Ua Ua hōʻike ma luna o ke aupuni kīwī. A pau o Amerika e kiai ana ia hanana ma ka cosmodrome.

Omaka-i a me ka kui o ka moku ahikao "Challenger"

Ma 11 PM o ka 38 minuke hoʻolimalima i kiko'ī. Ma hope o 2 minuke ka mokuna i ee. 7 kekona, mai ke kumu pono o ka accelerator wāwahi oho uwahi, ka mea kākau i ka lepo ana manaʻo mahuka ana. Ke kumu no keia i ka hopena hawewe wahie, i engine hoʻomaka 'ana. Kēia i hiki mai ai i loko o ka hala, ia triggers ka papa kuhikuhiE hoailona iho la i ke komo lima i 'oi aku ka ike loea hoʻokaʻawale nenoai. Akā, ka mea, ua anu i loko o ke kakahiaka, no laila, i ka paʻahau apo Ua lilo kona elasticity, a hiki ole e hana i manaoia. Kēia i ke kumu o ka ulia.

Ma hope o 58 kekona o ka holo mai la, moku ahikao "Challenger", a i ka Hawaii photo i loko o ka pepa, aʻu i hoomaka ae la e uhai ia. Ma hope o 6 kekona, mai ka mea mawaho pahu hoomaka ae la e liu wai hydrogen, ma hope o 2 kekona i loko o ka mawaho wahie pahu puʻe i haule iho ai i ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe.

Ma hope o 73 kekona o ka holo e hina no ka pahu o ke kinowai ai ka oxygen. Oxygen ma a me hydrogen e detonated, a ua nalowale "Challenger" i loko o ka nui fireball.

Search moku residues a me ke kino make o

Ma hope iho o ka Naita o ka makahiki moku ahikao'ōpala hoʻi haule i loko o ka 'Akelanika. Search spacecraft piha'ā, a me nā kino o nā astronauts i luna o ka US Oihana o Pale Kaua a me ke kākoʻo mai o ke koa, mai ka Coast poʻe kiaʻi. March 7 ma ka lalo o ka moana loaʻa i nā kino o ka cockpit o ka moku ahikao luina. Aie i ka hooloihi ae i waiū a hiki i ke kai autopsy nele, e hookupaa i ka kiko'ī kumu o ka make. Eia naʻe, loaʻa mai mākou ma hope o ka Naita me ia, na astronauts ua ola, no kā lākou kāpena pono haehaeia aku, mai ka huelo pauku. Maykl Smit, Ellison Onizuka Dzhudit Reznik, a noho manao, a me ke komo pu pilikino ea lako. Loa paha, na astronauts ua hiki ke ola i ka nui hopena poe o ka wai.

May 1 huli makahiki moku ahikao'ōpala hoʻi i pau, mai ka moana ua hiki ke kiʻi 55% o ka moku ahikao.

Hoʻokolokolo 'ana i loko o nā kumu o ka pōʻino

An na hoʻokolokolo 'ana a pau ka noho ana o ka malihiniʻana NASA mālama' ia ma lalo o ka mahuka, hehi iho. E maopopo i nā mea kiko'ī o ka hihia, a loaʻa mai nā kumu, no ka mea, o ka i loaʻa i kekahi hāʻule pokole moku ahikao "Challenger", US Peresidena Ronald L hoʻokumu i ka kūikawā Komisina Rogers (ma ka aoao o ka Peresidena William P. Rogers). Ua Ua haku o koʻikoʻi huahelu ma ka 'epekema, makahiki a me ka aeronautical nā kānakaʻenehana, astronauts a me koa.

A mau mahina ma hope o ka Rogers Komisina i hoomakaukau ai i ka palapala hoike i ka Peresidena, ma nā mea a pau i i lehulehu like me ka hopena o ka a ua ka ulia o ka moku ahikao "Challenger." Ua kuhikuhi Ua hoi i ka NASA alakaʻi inadequately ia i na olelo ao o ka poe akamai e pili ana i pilikia a me ka maluhia o ka n ieaie? Auhee ai hoi ka pilikia mai.

Ka hopena o ka'opi

Ka'opi o ka makahiki moku ahikao "Challenger" i hana aku i ka nui loa no ke kaulana o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, i ka polokalamu "Space Alakau System" Uaʻelua mai no 3 makahiki. No ka mea, o ka loa nui i ka manawa o ka spacecraft kui United States, waiho wale aku ka pōʻino ($ 8 ieeeea?).

Ua i nui nā loli i ka moku ahikao 'ole, e loa ka hōʻoi' i ko lakou ola.

Ua Ua ana aʻei a me NASA 'ole. Created he kuokoa oihana e kiaʻi i ka maluhia o ka hoʻii.

E hōʻike i ka moʻomeheu

Ma May 2013, ma ka pale mai ka pōkaʻa o ka ho film kau wela George. Hawes "Challenger". Ma ka UK, oia i ka inoa o kahi momona a hana keaka Auana ana o ka makahiki. Kona kuka Ua nānā 'ana ma luna o maoli hanana a me nā hana e pili ana i ka Rogers Hoona Kuleana.