World me ke koe o ka laau. Aupuni o alakai laau waiwai

Huina me ke koe o ka laau kuaiia ma kekahi mau aʻe: ia mea a me nā anakahi o ka ululāʻau uhi, a me ka nui o ka ululaau wahi a me ka lāʻau me ke koe. Forest molekumu 'ë exhaustible akā, pāhana, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻohana' ia no kekahi hana.

ho omńkalakala i hana

Forest uhi ua oaeuiinoe ma ke degere o ka pili a hiki i ka huina nahele kahi i loko o ka mokuna o kekahi aina. No laila, i loko o keia alakai aupuni inideka i Finland, Kuekene, Canada, Guinea, Mozambique, Rusia. Ka huina ululaau āpana o oi aku mamua o 4 ieeeea? Aa, i ka 30% o ka aina. Ke aupuni ka luna i loko o ka capita heluna o ka laau me ke koe - Rusia:ʻaneʻi ma luna o kekahi kanaka hoike no ma kahi o 3 aa o ka ulu lāʻau, i ka wā i loko o Europa aina keia aka mea nui lower - e 0,3 aa.

I ua - i ua

Ka ululaau kahi i loko o ke ao nei kēlā me kēia makahiki ua hoemi ma kahi o 20 miliona aa, a ua kauoha aku e lehulehu kālai lāʻauʻana. A me ka hapanui o nā lāʻau e ohi ai, ma Roma Amerika a me Asia. A 'aneʻi ma ka Nordic aina ua' Imi hana ma luna o ka hoihoi hou ia ana a me ka mahi ana o ululaau, ana i ka nahele āpana ua i hoemiiaʻaneʻi. Lāʻau me ke koe i loko o ke ao nei e ku ana i kahi o 300 ieeeea?. ^M3, a me Rusia Helu no ma kahi o 25% o ka laau o ka laau.

Forest kumu waiwai i pāhana, akā, ināʻaʻole koke e hana me kalana, nahele ke koe nō, e lilo increasingly uuku. Kekahi aupuni-alakaʻi ma ka laau kumu waiwai - Suriname, ma ka no capita hoike no ma kahi o 36 aa o ka ulu lāʻau. Akā, ma ka koaʻe ke, a ma ka hema pakiko ciia i kekahi kanaka i emi ma mua o ka aa, ec eioi o ka ulu lāʻau.

E like me ka helu i i?

Forest kumu waiwai - ia mea o ka ulu lāʻau me ke koe ma ka aina, e like me ka pōmaikaʻi me 'ole-laau loina. He mahalo i ka nahele i ka manawa e loaa i kekahi paʻa maka mea no na mea he nui na hana, ma ka hou, nahele - o ka malama o ka? Aneeo'ōnaehana o ka Honua. Aie i ka mea i ulu kumu waiwai i pāhana, global laau o ka laau hiki ke mau hoʻolakoʻia, hoomahuahua lākou productivity e hālāwai me ka pono o ke kanaka.

Forest kumu waiwai a puni ka honua e ole kōā kaulike haawi. No ka laʻana, Europa aina ano o ka nui nahele uhi, oiai ma Africa ka huahelu mea nui emi. Ka haahaa loa o ka ulu aloha - maʻApelika Waena'āina, a me ka mea o ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa kōmi - ma Roma Amerika, 'Eulopa, a' Amelika 'Ākau. Country Alakaʻi me ke koe softwood - Rusia: ke kaʻana like 'ana o ke aupuni hoike no ka 88% o coniferous ululaau.

Hiʻona o ka puunaue ana o ka ululāʻau a puni ka honua

Hoikehonua, nahele ulu i loko o kekahi climatic cii, pela ke kaumaha ma muli o nā wahi e oko i? Ueony haku mele 'ana, kū' ole, productivity, na waiwai a me ka? Aneie waiwai. Nui o 'Eulopa ua noho ma ka nahele ciia pakiko cii, ma ka ulu lāʻau boreal coniferous ululaau. I Central a me Amerika South, Hikina Africa a me ka hikina Indies Tropical ka ululāʻau i Kīwala'ō ma lalo evergreen hui ululaau. Mountain? Eou i wehewehe aku e vertical zonation, oiai ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kiʻekiʻena e hoʻololi i ka wela a me ka humidity.

Inā Rusia - he aupuni-alakaʻi ma ka laau kumu waiwai, ma ka loa Europa aina, ka hapanui o ka nahele ua kuaʻia. No ka laʻana, ma England, Hawaii, i ka Netherlands, ka hapanui waena-elemakule a me ka opiopio laau ulu lāʻau i kanu artificially. Coniferous ululāʻau mea i ka malamaia wale nō i loko o Scandinavia, oiai e haule ana mea he maikai nahele uhi, Kīwala'ō ma ke gula coniferous e kū mālie. Ma ke kikowaena o Europe ka hapanui ulu tidara, spruce, kaʻa, larch, a me ka laau i ua hoʻemi me ka nui loa ma muli o ia i ka ikaika ana o ka iwilei a me nā holoholona.

I waena o nā wahi oʻEulopa ka lua nahele wahi buke no ka mea Nordic'āina. Eia ka mea, i kia 35,6% o ka hoʻomāhuahua ai nahele, a 28,5% o ka huina hapahā o ka laau. Kēia māhele 'āina Ua wehewehe aku ma ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa degere o ka ululaau uhi.

Ma Asia a me Africa?

O ka huina e ulu ana kumukūʻai ma Asia - ma kahi 1/5 o ka'āinapuniʻole. Aia nō e ulu ana Tropical ululāʻau, coniferous a deciduous kanu ma ka pakiko ciia. Ka nui ?? eoi? Noho ma ka taiga ululaau. Ma ka Hikina, i ka māhele 'āina poe ma ka? Ueo' ano o ke kea laa, yiaaie. Aia mau apana ma ka hema o ka aina, kahi o ka hehi interspersed me ka uuku laau uuku. Ma ka mauna a hooku iho la taiga a me deciduous ululaau. Ma ka palena o na ululaau o Aferika mea i haawi unevenly. Ka huina ululaau kahi o ka'āinapuniʻole hiki ke maheleia i eha mau mea: ke kūkulu'ākau - subtropical, ma ke komohana - na koaʻe ke, ma ka hikina - mauna koaʻe ke a me ka hema - subtropics.

Akau a me America South

Nahele ma North America noho e pili ana i ke kolu o ka'āinapuniʻole, oiai ma ka akau aie i ka mea i hoʻohalahala climatic olelo o ka haku mele '? Ueo o ka laau kaupalena, a me kā lākou mau haahaa productivity. Forest āpana uaʻano nui na poe e coniferous a me ke keʻena o ka birch laau. Ma ka hema o ka pelapela a kekahi hapa o ka nahele i lehulehu, i ka laau ia lakou iho e oi hoʻomāhuahua ai.

Kokoke ka hapalua o ka aina o Lakina America ua noho ma ka ulu lāʻau kanu me ka predominance o deciduous laau. Ma na kapa o ka Amazon mea he waiwai, a kahiko floristic haku mele 'ana. Mexico, a me ka Netherlands Antilles hanaʻano nui i loko o coniferous nahele -ʻano nui pine laau.

Ma Australia, ka prevalence ike i loko o na ululaau o ka Hawaiian loloa. Aia i kokoke 85% o ka ?? eoi? E ku ma ka eucalyptus laau.

He aha ka ka lako hou i kaʻoihana kālā?

A kinowai laau pua paha - o ka huina o ka huina me ke koe laau he kalana, i mea like me ka mea a pau ka leo o ka wa e ohi ai i na laau me ka wauke a me na treetops. Keia buke Ua hoʻonohoʻia ma naʻano likeʻole ma muli o kekahi computational methodologies. Wai laau - he mea i hiki ke hoʻohana i kaʻohiʻana. Ma keia hihia, ke kumu pua paha o ka laau mea nui kiʻekiʻe.

Main LIKE o ke kālai lāʻauʻana i loko o Rusia, a ma ka honua

60 makahiki aku nei ma luna o ka ululaau aoao o Rusia, a ke ao nei i loko o mau, uuku i ikeia. Aho? Ueo haku mele 'ana wale i ole, ua? Anoee. Iloko o ka Soviet? Eia i loko o ka Soviet Union ka mea i manaoia oi ma mua o 500 mln. Ha, i i lawe mai nahele'ōnaehana. Eia naʻe, ma manawa aia no he shortage o ka lāʻau i loko o ka wahi mua keia pili i kiʻekiʻe-kbps sawlogs a me veneer pauku, a i loaa mai māhele nui o ke kumu. I mea no ke aha la i loko o ka ulu ''āina, e hoʻohana i kēia mau assortments i loko o ka mahi o ka nahele.

Other neoneo lumber a me ka lāʻau aaioee hele ma hope hohonu aaioee i loko o kekahi hana - hana o ka lāʻauʻiʻo pepa, pepa a me ka pepa. Ma ka makahiki 80 o ka ulu lāʻau shortage ua alakai ai i ka mea i ka pālākiō o ka lahui laau kalepa e kiekie ae. A ina o ka ulu'āina oʻEulopa, a North America i nui kānaka hoʻolilo o ka pau huahana i o ka lāʻau i loko o ka lumber a me ka pepa, ulu'āina i loko o ka maka o Asia, Aferika, he Roma Amerika,ʻano nui mea hoʻolilo o ka poepoe laau. I ka Ia manawa i kēia mau aina ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo kekahi-kapakahi ka hanaʻino o ka ulu lāʻau, no laila, ua ulu ka'āina e lilo ana i emi emi a.

Ma ka pau ana o ka iwakalua kenekulia ka mea, ua lilo ia i kekahi 'au i nunui-manao ka hanaʻino o ka ulu lāʻau, o ka oi aku ma industrialized a densely na kanaka]'āina. Mua ia i ka pilikia e pili ana nā hanana i makemake ae e hoʻihoʻi nahele i i i ka hopena ma luna o ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka-yeiiiie? I loko o ke aupuni.

Like no Rusia, he mea e pili ana i 78% o ka nahele i haku no kalepa? Ueony - tidara, spruce, kaʻa, larch, lāʻauʻoka, birch. A like hoʻi me nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua, e haawi unevenly eaniiai oiiaa. Ke Europa kuleana hoike no wale 17,06% o ka ulu lāʻau, oiai ma Siberia, a me kaʻAʻole loa hikina i kia 82% o ka ululaau. Ka holoʻokoʻa ka leo o ka nahele hiki ke maheleia i ekolu pūʻulu: ka mea mua oia o aiiay kalana, ka lua - ka maka mea, a me ke kolu - hookoe laau i mea ole ia me ka maka mea. Total makahiki ulu ana o ka laau mea e pili ana 830 miliona m + ^3.

mea, ua ulu

Wood - he pāhana 'ano o nā kumu waiwai, no laila, he mea hiki ole wale e hooponopono i kana mau hana, akā, kekahi i nā pāʻani. Ma ke kālailaiʻana nahele ua laweʻia i loko o ka mooolelo i wale i ka uku o ka ulu ana o kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā, no ka nui o ka loaa holoholona. Na wale ala e hoʻomaʻa i ka huina honua me ke koe o ka laau.