Alexander Solzhenitsyn: A Kawaihae a me ka hana

Alexander Solzhenitsyn Ua hānauʻia ma luna o Dekemaba 11, 1918 ma Kislovodsk. Solzhenitsyn aʻo brilliantly, akā, pau philological hoʻomaka 'ua oi makemakika i loko o laila. I ka 1939, ua komo i ka Moscow Institute o akeakamai, me Moʻolelo a me ka mōʻaukala. Keia makahiki ua hoailono aku la no Aleksandra Isaevicha a me kekahi hanana - mare ana i NA Reshetova. Hele mai i ka fateful 1941. Solzhenitsyn haehaeʻia ma ke alo, akā, misses ka mobilization hope battalion. A hou a puni o ka hoʻopaʻi - a me kona mau luna i loko o ka mea kaua kula ma Kostroma, ma hope a Alexander i ka 1942, ma hope loaʻa i ke alo.

Solzhenitsyn Ua hana pono ma ka mua, i ka ke kumu ia i i hookoia i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Patriotic Kaua , a me ka Star Red, a ua hoʻopiʻi 'ana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Koa 'oihana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo hiki e maluhia ka, ināʻaʻole no kona "freethinking". Ma ke kupulau o ka makahiki 1945 Aleksandr Isaevich i hopuia a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ewalu makahiki ma ka hana e hoʻomoana ai. Ma May 1950, he kŘpa a mehana kūikawā o ka halepaahao? Eia Solzhenitsyn i e hoʻololi i ka mea i hoʻohalahala maʻamau o kūikawā i hoomoanaʻi ma aneea oneiaey. O lakou naʻaoʻao darkest i loko o kahi i hoʻomoana ai i ke ola o ka Nobel laureate. Ma luna o ka mea i loko o 1951. wahine Solzhenitsyn ka ia i hoʻomaopopo 'ia ai ke oki no ia, a no kona hou mare ana. A makahiki ma hope, ua loaa ma kekahi maʻi weliweli - Ka maʻi 'aʻai. Folk Kids o ka lapaau, makemake a me ka make wai no ke ola lanakila i ka maʻi, a ua hehi hoʻi i kekahi manawa. Ma ka pau 'ana o ke konohiki Solzhenitsyn i hoouna mai ai i loko o mau loa ke pio ma ka Kazakh kauhale ma muli o ka nele o nā kumu, a hiki ae i ao aku i ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma ia.

I ka makahiki 1956, i rehabilitated e ka Aha Kiekie Solzhenitsyn. He haʻalele i kekahi wahi o ka'āina'ē mai, a hooponopono i ke kumu i loko o kekahi o na kauhale o ka Vladimir māhele 'āina, kahi āna e hoʻolimalima aku i ka lumi i loko o ka kahiko mehameha kua'āina Matreny Zaharovoy. ʻO kona mau kahiko o ka deprivation o ke ola, a me ka lono kaumaha make lilo i ke kumu o ka'āina o ka moʻolelo "Matryona". Soon Solzhenitsyn e hoʻokele i ka neʻe ma Ryazan a kiʻi i ka 'oihana i loko o ke kula. Ma ka hihiuʻono no kaʻike hoʻokumu i ka wā e hiki mai Nobel uku uwa maila ua wale e māhuahua. He hana ma ka puke "Ka First Circle" a me ka "One Day ma ka Ivana Denisovicha." Ma ka hope laconic mea hōʻike ia wä, ano o kahi e hoʻomoana ai'ōnaehana, e hoʻoholo i ka ola o ka USSR holoʻokoʻa. Ma ka hou ana o ka loiloi mua pomaikai o Solzhenitsyn e hoʻokele, e hoolaha ma ka "New World" He mau wahi ia liilii, akā, "Cancer Ward", aponoia ma ka puke pai, a ua i ike i ka malamalama no na makahiki. A laila, Solzhenitsyn e kālele ana ma luna o ka hana o ka papa hana, ai hoʻoili i loko o 1959, - ". Ka Gulag pae '"

Ma ka "keia pae aina," Solzhenitsyn Alexander reproduces ka mōʻaukala o nā poʻe hoʻomoana lehulehu a me ka hiʻona o kā lākou hana, i kāna moʻolelo o na kanaka, no ka kekahi kumu paha kekahi, a me ka hapanui o nā mea a pau - me kekahi kumu, ke noi aku i loko o ka pōhaku kaʻa palaoa o ka Soviet "ka hoopai", huli aku a pau, ao ke ano o kahi e hoʻomoana ai i ke ola a me ka aoao . Kēia puke Ua hanaia ma ke kumu o nā moʻolelo a me nā palapala repressed a me ka hana ana o ka mea kākau.

I ka makahiki 1969, Solzhenitsyn kipaku mai i ka mea kākau 'Union, i ke kaomi hoʻomaka kona hamama hoomaau ana. aupuni hoomaau Hoʻoikaika i ka wale o ka 'āina prestige o Solzhenitsyn, a ma ka makahiki 1970 i hookoiaʻo ia i ka Nobel uku, i aku la ia, e like Boris Pasternak, kiʻi ma Stockholm i i ae ia.

Solzhenitsyn i noho no kekahi manawa ma Germany, laila ma Kuikilana, a mai ka 1976 a hiki i 1994 - ma Amerika. I loko o kona mau makahiki ma America Solzhenitsyn pinepine ae la oia iʻikeʻia ma ka puka, e uhi ana i topical kālai'āina nīnūnē ma ka USSR, a ma ke Komohana.

I ka 1994, Solzhenitsyn hoi aku la i kona'āina, a noho iho la ma Moscow, mau i ka hana intensively. A me kēia mau makahiki a pau, he paʻa mau mea paahana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o nā mea a pau o kona hoao i kana lua wahine - Makalu Svetlov, VEDA hoʻopuka puke a me kaʻaha hui mea.

I iaia o na hana maikai la a Solzhenitsyn i loko o ka paio no ka kivila liberties, a me ka pili me ka 80th lā hoʻomanaʻo, e koho pelekikena paa i ka 1998, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i i hookoia ka Papa Andreya Pervozvannogo, akā, hōʻole lākou, e lawe ia i loko o ka lolelua ka manaʻo politika a me ka-yeiiiie? I loko o ke aupuni.

Hope manawa he wahi lihi iki o ka hana Solzhenitsyn - ka nohona haʻawina mōʻaukala "200 Makahiki Together". Ua huli ke kūlana a me ka wahi o ka Iudaio i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina. I loko nō o ka mea kākau o ka makemake no ka objectivity, i kēia puke, kena ae la i ka olelo hoopaapaa.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn make ma luna o Augate 3, 2008, mai congestive naʻau ole.

"I kekahi lā Ivana Denisovicha"

Kaao. I kākau 'ia ma 1959, ka mea paʻi i ka "New World" Tvardovsky i loko o ka Magazine (1962). Ua haawiia i ke theme like o kahi e hoʻomoana ai, hele pili i ka laila journalism, Solzhenitsyn hoala mua kēia pukana ma ka pae ana o kiʻekiʻe noʻeau generalization, a ua pau loa i ka luku ideological illusions o ka manawa. Solzhenitsyn hoike mai i Stalin ka repressions -ʻaʻole ino-makemake o ka Wiliama, a i ka hee mai socialism, akā, i ka i loko o ka'ōnaehana, i ke kumu o kona repressive a me ka inhumane. Kēia hopena penei, mai ka i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka moʻolelo hoʻopaʻi mahiai Ivan Denisovicha Shoukhov o ke kiʻi e hoʻomoana ai ke ola. A moʻolelo piha o kaʻeha ka hōʻino 'ana hanohano, aloha no ka mōhai hala, i ka mahalo no ka poe, e like Ivan Denisovich, loaa ia lakou iho ma ke kua o laumeki uea, ua kauoha aku e mālama i ka pono kanaka ano. A pau i kēia mau "I kekahi lā Ivana Denisovicha" revolutionized i nā manaʻo o nā miliona o compatriots.

"Matryona"

Kaao. I kākau 'ia ma 1959, mua paʻiʻia ma ka "New World" i ka 1963. Author ka inoa - "' Aʻole ke kumukuai o ke kūlanakauhale me ke kanaka pono." I ka waenakonu o ka moʻolelo - i ke kiʻi o ka kua'āina wahine Matrona, nona ka lono kaumaha hoʻopaʻi ua ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ke kāʻei kua o nā kiʻi o ka make kauhale. A me na novels F.A.Abramova keia hana hoʻoholo ma mua no ka "kauhale Ana Aina,".

"Ka Gulag pae '"

Documentary a me ka fiction. Kākau i loko o 1958-1967, mua paʻiʻia ma ka West i ka 1973, ma Rusia wale i ka 1989. Aia ka nui o ka hoike Solzhenitsyn ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo mua i ike ole mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo pili i ka pili repression o ka Soviet au hou a me Stalin unleashed ka "ka weliweli nui". "Ka Gulag pae '" - o ka puke e pili ana i na koa, a me nā mōhai o nā hewa o ka Communist? Eia, huli ae la i ke aupuni i loko o kekahi kanaka nunui lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. Ua Ua i ka hopena mana ma ka honua lehulehu manao, a hoopuehuiaʻi na illusions e pili ana i na utopias o socialism a me ka communism, i a 1970 a puni pepehi i kekahi hiʻona i waena o Western ka pilina.