Damaseko kapa kila - He aha ka mea? Damaseko kila: ano. I ka mea pohihihi o ka mea kahiko o Damaseko kila

Hanau sparkling damask
O palupalu hao, paakiki kila.
A ua lilo he pahaneri ka ikaika ma mua o ka pahi kaua,
A ma luna o ka maka - kuluma kānaʻoni iho.

(Alexander Simonov, "Damaseko pahi kaua")

Hailing mai o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua moʻolelo

Ua noa ike i ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua moʻolelo - ia mea,ʻaʻole e hana hoihoi mōʻaukala, a oe ke lawe i nā keiki, akā, i ka fount o ke akamai, akamai intertwining kumu hoʻohālike me ka mōʻaukala hanana a me nā kaao.

Nā kaʻao o ka ikaika koa a me ka hanohano naita pinepine pilikia ia i kekahi manawa e like me "Damaseko kapa kila." Ka ikaika loa, a kekahi aliʻi koa i kā lākou mau hoʻomanaʻo me na mea kaua o ka damask kila. He aha ke ano o ka metala o keia? He aha ka mea, no laila, pono? No ke aha la i pipiʻi kāki, a ua ai waiwai? I mau, kapa kila Damaseko - He aha ka mea? Mea kaua, i ka pale umauma, kila? Malia paha kēia mea hiki ke hooheheeia - hui malu ulu hoopoho iho i loko o oblivion blacksmiths, malihini, he hoʻokolohua 'ole i ka haawina mai luna?

Anei mākou manawa, a ina pela mahalo, me ka i hoʻokumu, kapa kila Damaseko? Meaning o ka hua'ōlelo "damask", ke kumu a me ka pono o keia metala i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kēia' atikala. Mākou, e hoike i na mea huna o ka io Fabulous kila, i mea nae he maoli.

Mea kaua o ke kaulana meʻe

Damaseko kapa kila - o ka inoa kahiko o na mea kōmi 'ana. A me ia mea i mea kaua, e like me ka mea i ikea ma mua kilohi. No ka nane, na analogues o ka hua'ōlelo "kapa kila" ma māhoe 'ōlelo Polish (bron) a me Czech (zbrane) ke ano o ia mea he mea o ke kila, e like me damask pahi kaua, i ka pahi kaua, i ka pahi, i ka pahi a me ka pahi kaua.

Oia maikaʻi-ike poʻe hoʻokalakupua moʻolelo huapalapala, nā meʻe Ilya Muromets a me Dobrynya Nikitich, Korol Artur a me Svyatogor, he invincible mea o ka damask kila, i ke aloha i ka i i noʻonoʻo pono invincible koa. Meaning o ka hua'ōlelo "damask" paakiki ole - ia hoopaakikiia kila.

I ka mea pohihihi o na cosmos

I ka mea pohihihi o ka wa kahiko Damaseko kila moe i loko o ka mamao i hala, a ua oi kaʻoi loa i ka 1421, ka wā o ka Honua kokoke i ke kulanakauhale Lūkini o Yaroslavl haule hao meteorite. A nui'āpana o ka metala i i haule, mai ka lani, i noʻonoʻo i ka haawina mai ka akua, a ua hoʻopauʻia wale nō hanana kaua. Komo i ka extraterrestrial metala i kekahi mau kaulana blacksmiths a me ke kōmi 'mai damask kila pahi i forged no ka waiwai koa.

kaʻao kū hoʻokahi

Pahi kaua,ʻike mau forged mai ka mea hao hamoʻia, a ma hope o ka mua hoʻohei 2-3 punches i mālama like damask a mau loa aku. Ka mea hiki ke eaaei oki ma ka hao pale kaua a kaka aku i kaʻenemi kapa kila. Ua mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i, hoʻowahāwahā kona hiki ole ka ikaika, Damaseko kila kōmi 'ana, he mau loa resilient, a kūlou ma 90-120 degere me ka losing kona ano hoopono. Penei, he mea anu mea o kaʻenemi i loko o ke kaua, ina e tupilos, ia shatters i mau apana e like pepe aniani, i ko Damaseko kapa kila koe kōna a me kaʻoi. E like me ka moolelo, haawi like ka nui o ke gula i ka pahi kaua o ka damask like kaupaona iho i ka maka, a me ka mea kaupaona o ka hailona!

Fabulous metala

I loko nō o ka mea i ka meteorite ua nui, a me nā'āmara i loa frugal, ua paupauaho hanana metala laau. e ho'ōla Hawaiʻi i Damaseko kapa kila kaʻao mea o ka hala, i ke aloha i ka i ka mea i lanakila 'o ia lanakila nui na mea he nui. Information e pili ana i ka mea kupaianaha loa kaua i hele mai ka waha mai i ka waha, mai kahiko i ka poe hou.

No laila, ua hala na makahiki, akā, i ka'ōlohe wiwo kapa kila Damaseko, i ke kumukuai o a ma luna o nā makahiki wale nō ke hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻia, i na kanaka e hoomaha e haawi aku. Kumu no ke kōmi 'forged mai kila, hīmeni ma ka moʻolelo, kaʻao, kaao. Eia ua pololei kekahi mau examples, like i loko o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua manao oleloia damask a me ka mea kaua mai ia:

• i loko o ka buke o Vladimir ka Sun Red o kekahi o na koa, damask keʻano mea kaua, e kaua ana me ka "enemi o ka poe hoohewaia";
• i "ka nui o Tsar Saltan", i kākauʻia e Pushkin, kalepa, ma ka hou ana i ke gula, a me ke kala, lawe mai damask;
• Ivan ke kua'āina ka keiki Amelika Huipû i ike ole Chudo-Yudo, snesya kona poo damask pahi kaua;
• i loko o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua moʻolelo e pili ana i na Hawaii o ka resourceful tramp Aladdin make me ka makaʻu no huakaʻi a me Bulat;
• kaikuaana o Ivan, ispivshy ka wai mai puddles a me ka hoohuliia i loko o ke kao keiki, kaikuwahine Alyonushka hea no ke kōkua i ka i ana: "pahi e ke wānana aku, ka mea makemake e pepehi mai iaʻu ...";
• Finley-i ka hahai holoholona i loko o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua nui o ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua godmother ia i ka mea makemake e pepehi damask pahikaua oi;
• i loko o ka puke "haku wahine, Enchanted Forest" Velimir protagonist ma ka huli ana i ka poʻe kupua ino mai Damaseko kila pahi oki ma ke ala ma ka lāʻau a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi;
• nui a me ka mana Bogatyr Eruslan Lazarevich damask pahi kauaʻoki i ka poo o ke kipi nahesa.

Ma waho aʻeo no nā kaʻao kahiko a me kaao, o ka hopuna'ōlelo "Damaseko kapa kila" ua pinepine i loaʻa i loko o ke kālā no poetry a me ka Ana Aina. Ke ano mea invaluable i loko o ka moʻokalaleo, niioaaonoaaiii, hoalohaloha aku i ke kālā no kākau damask i koe i keia la. I kēia wā, o kona hana hoola i ka ike o ka hyperacute mea kaua:

• Viktor Prischepenko ( "nui loa iho la, a kahiko iho").
• Andrew Shabel'nikov ( "Kane damask koa Teuton").
• Sergey Semenov ( "ana i ka E Nihi Ka").
• Ninel Koshkin ( " 'O kou wahi Pua?").
• Sergey Stepanov ( "inaina o ka Noremana").

Waiwai o Alaska

Ka mua artificially hana damask aʻo i ka hana i loko o India. A laila, i pūnāwai i Iran a me Central Asia i ka kiʻekiʻe metala? Iecaianoaaiiie malu. Eia naʻe, i loko o kela mau wahi damask kila, ke ano o ka i loa nā 'upu', ua kapaia okoa. Ma India, ka mea, ua he "VTC", a ma Asia, a Iran - "Farand", "Taban", "Khorasan".

Peresia haumāna a me ka lexicographer Al-Biruni, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka Middle Ages, a waiwai ka ike ma kaʻaneʻane a pau mau mea o ka noiʻi i ka manawa, kakau iho la oia i ka hoonoho ana Bulat. He noho i loko o ka palapala o ka mea kahiko i ka mea keia lā. Al-Biruni kākau ihola: "damask kapa kila ua loaa ma ka hauneneʻe na waiwai elua e heheʻe unevenly a i hui pu a homogeneity ka hopena Ua mau-i nā pōpō kōmi 'ana i ka poe i kuaiia unusually kiʻekiʻe.".

Damaseko kaua mea wale recognizable ma ke ano kumu kuluma kāna. Ua ua loaa ia ma ka crystallization a me ka mea mua ana o carbon insignia ia mau 'atikala. Eia hou, mai ka damask kila kōmi 'ana i incredibly pahi. No ka laʻana, ka mea e hoopuni dissected kiola ma ka lihi o ka superfine kinoea hainaka'aʻaʻa.

Akamai Damaseko me ka poe amara

Hapanui damask mea kaua hua mai la ia ma Suria, Damaseko. Damaseko kila a me nā kaola i loko o Suria i lawe mai, mai Inia a me Damaseko blacksmiths ua forged he nui, fantastic kaua. Pāhoa, apoʻili, a me na pahikaua, ua like kona waiwai nui ma mua o ke gula a me ka mea he hōʻailona o ka waiwai a me ka pomaikai.

Ke kumukuai o Mauna damask nui exponentially. A ma Suria poe paahana ia meleʻano o ke kila, a me ka mau forging hana welded Bulat, ka mea a hiki i kēia lā ua kapaia o Damaseko kila, a me ka nui mea i hoʻomaopopo ai.

Once Suria i haoʻia kekahi o nā pūkaua Khan Togluk - Tamerlane, ia i lawe mai, mai ka lanakila aina a pau blacksmiths, a hoʻonoho ihola iā lākou i loko o Samarkand. Eia naʻe, ma ka noho pio ana haku hana nuiʻino. A ma manawa, blacksmithing e amo. Nā mamo o Suria Artists hohola nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua, a me ke ano o ka hana ana i Damaseko kila a me ka mea kaua mai ka mea i hope haalele.

Ma nā kapuwaʻi o ka poʻe kālepa kahiko

Aia ka hōʻike i kila ka mea i like loa me ka damask, i hana ia ma Iapana. Kōmi 'ana, i laweia mai, mai ia aupuni i ka ia kohoʻia a me ka mea paʻa, i nā mea kaua mai mawaho mea.

I ka hoʻonui oihana? Ooia'Ākia metala a me ka pahikaua, pāhoa, a mai ka damask kila pahi ka mea, e noho ana i loko o Rusia. I ka mōʻaukala kumu loaʻa nō nāʻikepili i ka Lūkini'āmara i kuai i ka mea no ka hana o ka loa pipiʻi mea kaua.

Damaseko mea kaua, i ka waiwai o ka mea i unusually kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka'āina i alakai i ka hikina kalepa, nui mahalo maʻEnelani. Kēia i mea e hoikeike e papa hoike o ke English Royal Academy, i hana ia 1795 a me ka hoolaia a hiki i kēia lā. Ka mea, e wehewehe i nā hanana pili i ke kuai ana o ka bullion kōmi 'kila noiʻiʻana.

Naʻe, i ka malu o ka hana ana i ka hana mana metala mālama i pili loa mālama. Kēia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau: ma hope o nā mea a pau, i loko o ka wā kahiko ua ole i ka Nine Inch keʻena hoʻokolohua a me Ka Ikepili, no laila, e loaa i ka haʻilula hemolele Damaseko kila he mea hiki ole. Na mea a pau i hanaia ma ka maka, a me ka He kokekau wale ke ano a me ka haku mele 'ana i mālama i ka mea pili i malama i malu. Mau ike loea a me ka ike ana i ka pono ua hanaʻia Damaseko kapa kila. Meaning o ka hua'ōlelo "damask" aka hoi, pili me ka maikai loa ka pono kaua, a alakaʻi koa i ka makaʻu.

I ka laha ana o counterfeit

Over o ka makahiki, i nā'āmara oʻEulopa ho'āʻo e recreate ma ka liʻiliʻi loa Damaseko kila, akā, holomua. Ka mea,ʻaʻole hiki akā, e aʻo pehea e hana i ka wahahee metala lako kaua mai a mawaho, nana aku la e like damask, akā, 'ē aʻe ano i ole e hele i kekahi e like me ke kapa kila oiaio o nā kaʻao a.

Ma ka 18-19 kenekulia ka, ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o forged Damaseko kila ua laha ma Italy, Germany, Spain, Pulakalia a me Palani. Mea kaua no ka mea, o ka oi aku o ka Kelemānia a me Sepania, ua wildly mahalo no ka mea, o ka mea maikai helehelena, hui pu iho la he aniani hoʻopau a me ka nani lauana. haʻalele i ka mea e like ai o ka wahahee damask kapa kila nui ia e makemake. No ka mea, Ua i nā mea kaua mai ka maʻamau kalapona kila o ka haahaa e like ai.

Recreated mai o ka pouli makahiki

Ua i kekahi mau kenekulia mua i loko o Rusia i hana mai i ka damask kila, a, ma kona haku mele 'ana, ua aneane he kope o'Ākia manao. Two-kala like 'ole nā'ōlelo o ka kaʻao metala kino komo hoʻouku lunaʻenehana, nä känaka' epekema a me ka metallurgist, a me ka hapa-manawa Major-General - Paulo Petrovich Anosov. He He He loea Lūkini, he patriot o kona'āina, ka mea e ulu mai ana ma kaʻao o nā koa, ua hoomaopopoia i Damaseko kapa kila - ia mea invincible kaua.

Ia a pau ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka 1828 i ka wa o ka hoʻouku' Oihana i aoia i ke poo o ka Zlatoust mea kanu (Chelyabinsk māhele) Anosov hoike aku i ka malu o kaʻoi loa kiʻekiʻe ikaika kila, a hoʻomōhala i ka haʻilula o damask kila. Hoʻomohala a me ka ike maopopo ana, he moʻo o successes a me ka hoʻolako 'ole' ana aku ma mua o 10 makahiki. Iloko o ke ao, ka noiʻi mua hoʻohana i ka microscope e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ke hooheheeia, a me kekahi auou caiaiai i ka papakaukau, galvanization kōmi 'ana.

Anosov Blend hao na mea i eliia, a graphite, ai pili akuʻano o ka hao, hehee iho ke hooheheeia ma ka lewa, a me ka holo - i loko o ka hua'ōlelo, ho okolohua.

I ka pau ana o ka 1838, Paulo Petrovich nō e hoʻokele e kiʻi i ka kuluma kāna kila - hoolei Bulat, maʻaʻohe ala emi ma ka kbps kahiko'Ākia lauana. I ka makahiki 1839, mai kona'ōlinolino ingots a me nā huahana hele aku la i ka exhibition ma St. Petersburg. A mua i loko o 1841 Anosov kakau iho la kekahi o kana mau loa mau oihana nui - "On Bulat", i i koho ia no ka Demidov uku.

Mahalo i kēia kanaka umneyshemu Damaseko kapa kila, me ka waiwai io o ka i i mahalo ia i kahiko kaao, ua oki ia e ka unattainable moe.

Anosovskiy Bulat

He aha ka ke damask, recreated Anosov? E like me kā lākou Nine Inch waiwai okoa mai ka metala o ke kila mahuahua nui o ka maʻiʻo o okoa hydrocarbons, a me nā mea kiko'î ka mea, ua nui loa i like loa me ka nou ana la o hao. Eia naʻe, e like inductile, brittle hao damask ua softer a oi malleable, a pela loa paakiki a me ka uaua. E kiʻi i kekahi kiʻekiʻe-kbps damask, ka mea, ua pono i ka pololei hoopili i? Iecaianoaaiiuo enehana ka. Ole, kūpono pēpēʻana hiki huli i kēia paakiki metala ma maʻamau kila.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Anosova malu o ka hana ana i kiʻekiʻe-kbps Damaseko kila i nalowale hou. Malia paha he hana pono nalo mai prying mau maka, a malia o ka mea i hiki mai ai i ka hopena o ka palaleha. Naʻe, i kekahi manawa ma hope, e recreate Anosovskiy Bulat manao inventor a me ka metallurgist Dmitriy Konstantinovich Chernov.

He kana a heʻano nui o ka ho okolohua e hoʻohuihui nizkosernoe hao a me ka flake graphite i loko o kekahi huliāmahi. E like me ka hopena, Chernov loaa he kuluma kāna metala, akā, loaʻa i ka forging unuhi nalo. Ke nä känaka 'epekema i hele mai ai i ka hopena i ka papa kuhikuhiE ana no ka hanaia'na o ke kapa kila damask - koho i ka mahana akau iloko o forging. Ma naʻe o ka hoao ana i ke kiʻi i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia kaulana loaʻo ia i lanakila.

Ka mea Ua molybdenum?

KŘpa nei, iloko o ka regular hanaʻeliʻana i loaʻa i ka maka o ka Japanese Damaseko kila, i loko o ka 12th kenekulia. Nine Ka Ikepili o na mea kaua wehe i kekahi o na mea pohihihi o ke kūlana ano o keia mea. ʻepekema, ua loaa i ka molybdenum kila - ductile hoʻololi refractory metala i loko o kā lākou maoli palapala e ole ana. Ma kēia mea kaua hana molybdenum hoʻohana loa me ka dopant i acee? Iuo oeiia o ke kila. Kēia maoli i ka ikaika a me ka toughness o ke kaua.

Ua mea olelo lealea i ka mea kahiko Japanese poe o molybdenum. Loa paha, he hao e hoohehee ai, mai a lakou i kaua, iloko o ka nui nui o keia Nine Inch hehee ai.

Ka mea pohihihi ia i nā mākau '!

I ka lā, laekahi steels i mamao i oi damask. Aka, oia nei no kekahi o ka loa hemolele metala no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka pahi.

Inā 'oe i noi mai ai, e hiki ke' imi i ke kahuna hana-hana i mea hiki ke forge i ka damask pahi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i loko o ke ola he mea mau i ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua moʻolelo ...

Ke kumu o ka pahi ka manawa kū hoʻokahi,
Ma ka 'ē aʻe ia mea,ʻaʻole like, me he kanaka.
Kane koa - a me ka hoa, a me ke kaikuahine ...
Ma ka mea - i ka eha o ke kaua a me ka maluhia poetry.

(Alexander Simonov, "Damaseko pahi kaua")