Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich: he pōkole Kawaihae

Ke keiki a nā kaulana haku mele o ua Lev Gumilyov. Kawaihae, pilikino ola a me ka hoʻoilina o kēia mea kākau moʻolelo o ka nui hoihoi no ka laulā huahelu o kanaka. He pepeiaohao nui nā like me ka ke kanaka, a me ke keiki a ka haku mele nui. Eia nō nā kumu nui no ka ike me ia kokoke.

Gumilev Lev - kakaolelo Lūkini, ethnologist, Kauka o Kuʻe Huli a me Historical Sciences. He mea ke kumu o ke ao ana o ka lāhui pūʻulu a me ka manaʻo kanaka me he biosocial waeʻano. Leo a nānā aku i ka ethnogenesis, kona bioenergy Hoʻohaku, a kapa aku la ia passionarity.

Me Kinohi a me ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi

October 14 1912 ma Tsarskoye Selo i hanau Gumilev Lev Nikolaevich. Pōkole Kawaihae o kona kupaianaha ma ka mea i kona mau makua e noho ana i ka nui Lūkini haku mele A. A. Ahmatova a me N. Gumilev. Gumilyovs mare wawahi i ka 1918, a laila, noho iho la i ke keiki a me kona makuwahine, a laila, i kona kupuna wahine i loko o Bezhetsk. Ua ua ike ia kona pilina me Annoy Andreevnoy ua mau Ua pilikia. Ma ka Hawaii photo lalo - Lev Gumilyov, mai ko lakou mau makua.

Education a me ka hopu 'ana i loko o ke kaua

Leo, i ka makahiki 1934, ua komo i ka Leningrad State University,'āuna kumu o History. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka makahiki muaʻo ia i mua hopu. Soon Lva Gumileva i hookuu, akā,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i mālama i ka puka. Ua ma luna o ka 4 la ka makahiki i ka 1938, oia i hou hopu no e komo i loko o ka haumāna i ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hui. Gumilyov i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka 10 makahiki i loko o ka poe hoomoana. Hope, o kona hopena i miko. Tolstoy pono e malama aku 5-makahiki hua'ōlelo i loko o Norilsk. Ma hope iho o ia manawa, i ka 1943, ua hana ia ma Turukhansk, a kokoke Norilsk. A laila, Gumilev hele aku la i ke alo. He kaua a hiki i ka lanakila o Anati-mokulele gunners. I Pelelina hele mai Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich. Pōkole Kawaihae o ke nä känaka 'epekema, e like meʻoe keʻike,ʻaʻole wale nō ia e piʻi like i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka mōʻaukala.

Hoomalu ana o ka ia hoʻi mua

Tolstoy i ka MH 1946 i kauia ka mawaho examinations ma ke Kulanui, a laila, hoʻomau i kona hoʻonaʻauao ma ka Institute o'Ākia Hawaiʻi, kahi āna i aʻo i loko o hoʻokāʻoi kula. Kona PhD ia hoʻi ua makaukau, akā, ma ka makahiki 1947,, i nä känaka 'epekema, i kipaku mai i ka kula, no ka mea, o ka olelo hooholo o na Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke "Leningrad" a me ka "Star", aponoia e ke Komite Central o ka CPSU (b). Keia olelo hooholo hoohewaiaʻike hoʻokumu Anny Andreevny Ahmatovoy. I loko nō a pau ka pilikia, Tolstoy nō e hoʻokele e hoomalu aku i kona hoʻi me ke kākoʻo mai o Leningrad academia.

hou hopu

I Ua hopu hou 1949 Gumilev Ln pōkole Kawaihae o kona, e like me kou ike, Ua replete me ka hopu 'ana. He Ua hookuu wale i ka makahiki 1956, a ma ka mea ia manawa loa rehabilitated. Ua huli mai i ka mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā kumu o ka hewa i loko o nā hana o ENU. Total Tolstoy Ua hopu 4 manawa. I ka huina, ka mea, he e pana aku au i loko o Stalin mau wahi hoʻomoana, no 15 makahiki.

Doctoral dissertations a me ka lehulehu ākea Gumilyov

A hoʻi hou aʻela ia Leningrad, Gumilyov loaa he pokole 'oihana i loko o ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele. I ka 1961, oia ana kokua aku i kona doctoral ia hoʻi ma luna o "Makamua Kauai VI-VIII kenekulia.". Ke noiʻi laila, i ka 'oihana ma ka Institute o Hoikehonua, Aia ma ke kumu Leeuwerikplein o Leningrad State University. Here ia hana a mea hoohuoi ia, a i wahi i ka makahiki 1986.

Geographic doctorate Gumilev Lev kokua i ka 1974. Naʻe, i ole apono i ka palapala hoʻomaikaʻi Kuleana o kona loa. I kākau lima hana Gumilyov "Ethnogenesis a me biosphere o ka Honua" i papaia, e kala aku, akā, ka mea i māhele i ka samizdat.

Wale i ka 1959, hoomaka ae la oia e 'Imi hoolaha Lev Gumilyov. Kawaihae a me kana hana mea,ʻaʻole ma ka wale nō o ka nui hoihoi i loko o 'epekema koʻikoʻi a hanohano. He nona oi ma mua o 220 pepa, a me kekahi mau monographs. Ma ke kia-Stalin au i ka manao o ka Lva Gumileva nema aku i loko o kūhelu paʻi puke, akā, ua loaʻa i Ua i hoomaau aku ai ia ia. Wale nō i loko o ka kakahiaka 1980s. ke kahe ana o kona mau paʻi puke i ke ahulau pokole. Lvu Gumilevu i, e hoʻohuli i ka hihia i ka Central Komite. He palapala iho la i ka palapala ma ka papa o ko lākou mau paʻi puke. D. S. Lihachev a me nā moʻolelo o ka manawa kākoʻo iā ia.

Personal ola

Mau novels ola no kona ola Lev Gumilyov. Kawaihae, 'ohana a me na keiki - a pau hoihoi i loko o kona mau kânaka. Ma ka pilikino ola o Leo Tolstoy,ʻaʻole mākou e hele aku i loko o nā kikoʻi. Naʻe, i ka mea nui kūʻiʻo e e kaulana. I ka makahiki 1967, ua mare Gumilyov N. V. Simonovskoy, artist (makahiki o ke ola - 1920-2004). He halawai me ia i loko o June 1966. Ka hui i noho pu no ka 24 o kona mau makahiki, a hiki i ka make ana o Leo Tolstoy. E like me ka manao o kekahi poe, i ka mare ua hemolele. Wahine Gumilyov hoolilo i kona ola holoʻokoʻa. Ua haʻalele i ke kahiko kaiapili o nā hoa a me ka hana. Ke koho ana o ko Tolstoy ka ole, a me kona makemake,ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā keiki: ka mea, ua 46 makahiki, aʻo ia iā ia iho iā kona aloha - 55.

Ka pilina me ka Slavophiles a me nationalists

Gumilyov halawai ala ma ka hiʻona mai ai i loko o ke kia-Soviet'āina. Kona mau buke i paʻiʻia ma ka nunui a paʻi. Pili manao o ke nä känaka 'epekema, ka mea āna i hoikeia ma ka Radio a me ka kīwī broadcasts, i loko o kona mau' atikala he mau Anati-Western a me Anati-Communist. Kēia mea iā ia ka hōʻailona o Anati-liberalism. Tolstoy ka ia hoʻi e pili ana i ka "Slavic-Turkic symbiosis" Ua hapai aku Russification ma ka huli ana o na 90s. Kēia kanaka i ka io e pili ana i ka manao o kānakaʻepekema ma ka iā Goga kaʻauamo, e aho, ma ke alanui,-Liloa. Ua kaili puia aku la ka luna i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi ma ka Slavophiles like me ka hoaponoia no ka hou ideology o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Nationalists Turkic kanaka noho i ka USSR, i haawiia keia i Tolstoy ka. No ka ia, Gumilev Lev ua unquestioned mana.

"Ka pähola 'ana o ethnogenesis" a me ka' epekema

Gumilev noʻonoʻo iho "i ka hope Eulńsia". Aka hoi,ʻo ia i hana i ka "kumumanaʻo o ethnogenesis" reminiscent o Eurasianism wale nō i loko o kekahi mau hua'ōlelo. Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka 'epekema, e like mōʻaukala, manao iho la ke nä känaka' epekema hiki ole e noʻonoʻo i ke kumumanaʻo. Eia naʻe, Gumilev Lev kakau kuhikuhi i ka Soviet oaoieei-intelligentsia, aʻaʻole i ka poe moʻolelo. Ma ka manawa o ka oaoieei-intelligentsiaʻoihana kaua hoahewa i ka mōʻaukala o ka Soviet Union - mea he mea hana o ka propaganda, i 'epekema, i ka mea, ua falsified. Tolstoy ka mōʻaukala kuhiakau ulu nō keʻano o ka skepticism o nā kānakaʻepekema like ole hookupaa iho la ia. Naʻe, i ka "kumumanaʻo o ka ethnogenesis" i loko o ka maka o kânaka mai ENU 'aʻole e lilo. Leo e hooponopono e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala, mai ke kuanaʻike o ka sciences maoli, a me kā lākou 'epekema intelligentsia noʻonoʻo emi compromised ma mua o aloha kekahi i kekahi.

Ke kumu nui i hoakaka ia no ka kumumanaʻo o ENU

Lev Gumilyov i kukulu i kona pähola ma ka assertion i "ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu" - he ano o liluwelo meaola. Ka mea, i ka wā o ka wa opiopio, a me ka waiwai nui wa elemakule. Gumilyov komo i ka helu o ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu ole wale pololei ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu, akā, i kālai'āina, haipule a me ka hiki 'oihana. He manaoio aku ia mai ka hanau ana i ka make, e lawe ma kahi o 1200-1500 makahiki. E like me ka mea nä känaka 'epekema ka manaʻo o ka muli o hou lāhui pūʻulu mea he hopena o "passionate impulse", i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o ka lewa pāhawewe. Aia nō kekahi mea i "mea manuahi" i kekahi i kekahi, a ma laila nō antagonistic. A iâ lâkou e ola, ma laila nō "chimeric" insidious lāhui nā pūʻulu, parasitic meaola 'ē aʻe. Healthy hoi i likeʻole pili i nā kiʻina hana climatic i hoʻolilo 'ia a me ka "waiu, panorama" a me ka lauwili e like me ka ano.

Gumilev i hana i kona kumumanaʻo, ho'āʻo ana e maopopo ke kumu, ma o ka Middle Ages a kahiko i loko o ka hehi Nui nānā undulations a me ka hoʻokēʻai ka lāhui i keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ua, ka mea pinepine lakou, ma kekahi aoao ai kekahi, ua hoʻopili i ka hoololi ana i climatic ana. Nolaila, i kekahi mea i kuhikuhi anaʻepekema panorama, a ethnos hoaponoia. Aka hoi, "i ka kumumanaʻo o ka ethnogenesis" lilo credibility o ka kūpono loa Gumilyov kūlana o maoli aʻe. Kaʻia "passionarnost", iā lākou e Lev Nikolayevich, hoomaka ae la e noho ai i ko lakou mau ola iho. Nā kānakaʻepekema hoʻohana mea, e kapa i ka palapala lāhui activism. Ano, naʻe, i kēia manawa mea,ʻaʻole e hana me Gumilev ka "pähola 'o ethnogenesis."

June 15, 1992 ma St. Petersburg, make iho la o Lev Gumilyov. Kawaihae, ohana a me ka aina o ke nä känaka 'epekema i ua pokole noʻonoʻoʻia e mākou. Ano, ua ike no oukou, no laila, ua lilo loa hanohano keiki a mau Lūkini haku mele nui.