Homologues kekahi mau'ano i hala ma ke ala o ka'oko'a

Ma ka hapalua mua o ka 1900, ua hana nā'epekema Siamania E. Haeckel a me F. Muller i nā hana ho'ona'auao kūikawā a me nā hi'ohi'ona e pili ana i ka ho'okumu'ana i ke kānāwai biogenetic a me ka ho'onui'ana i nā hō'ike e pili ana i nā loiloi, nā homologies, nā atavisms a me nā kumuhana. He 'atikala ua hoolilo i ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ia kekahi pae o ola meaola i loaʻa ka homologues kino. Ua Ua hoʻomano māhele aku i loko o ka mea kanu a me ka holoholona honua mea nona ka kino māhele i kekahi mau kumu, a me ka na kumumanao o ka 'ole, aole nae ko waho he hiki oko a nui. He aha ka mea i hele ai i ko lākou nānā'ana?

Nā kumu

Ho'omaka nā papahana ho'olālā i ka heluna o nā mea ola a me ka undere microevolution. 'O ke'ano o ka mea hou e hiki ke kūpono ma muli o ka ho'onui'ia'ana o nā meaola e like me ka nui o nā'oko'a e pili ana i ko lākou kūlana a me nā hana. 'O ke ka'ina hana e ho'oka'awale i nā hi'ohi'ona morphological a anatomical, e ala mai ana ma ka pane'ana o ka mea ola e ho'ololi i nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni, ua kapa'ia'o ka'oko'a. Homologues kekahi hapa o ke kino i loko o nā kanaka i ho'ohālikelike i ka koho maoli a ua ho'okumu'ia ma muli o ka ho'ololi'ana i nā kūlana o ko lākou noho. Ua a'o nui'ia lākou i loko o ke ka'ina hana. E no'ono'o nui kākou.

Nā'ano o ka hanana'ana o nā lau

'O nā'ā'ī o nā meaola a pau e like me nā iwi like: he humerus, ulna, hihi, iwi iwi. Akā, nā'ano kūlohelohe o ke kaiaulu a me ka ho'olālā o ka ho'olālā i ho'okumu i nā ki'i ma luna o ke'ano o ka pūpū o ka limu, a ma kāna mau hana. He lawa kēia e ho'ohālikelike i ke'ano, ke'ano a me nā hi'ona o kēia māhele o ke kino, e like me ke'ano o ke kāma'a,'āmele, a mole paha. 'O ia ke'ano ke'ake'a e ho'omalu ana i ka puka'ana o kēlā'ano'ano'ano like me nā homologues. Ua hō'oia kēia ma ka hō'ike'ana i ka'ike anatomical'a'ole wale nō i nā hui like'ole o nā holoholona, akā, i loko o ka honua kanu. E no'ono'o kākou i ka paukū hou.

Ho'ololi o nā mea kanu vegetative

I ka manawa o ka mootegeny,'a'ole i loa'a i nā'elele o ka honua nei nā hō'ailona hou, akā, e ho'ololi i nā'āpana o ko lākou kino. Ma ke'ano, ua kapa'ia kēia'ano he ho'ololi'ana i nā mea kanu a me ka'ike'ia e like me ka ho'ololi'ana i ke'ano o ka phylogenesis. Hiki iā'oe ke nānā ia mea mai nā'elele o ka'oihana o nā mea kanu ulu. I ia mau mea e alaka'i ia i kahi hanana o ia mau hale, e like me nā loiloi. Hō'ike kēia i ke'ano o ka pane kūpono o ka'ōpiko i nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni. Ua'ike'ia ke kumu o nā kumu mea kanu a pau e ulu ana mai ke kumu'ōpiuma ma o ka ho'olālā ho'okahi a hana i nā hana like'ole i nā'ano a pau: ka ho'opa'a'ana i ka lepo, kāko'o, lawe'ana a me ka lawe'ana i ka wai a me nā hopena o nā mea'aila. Eia na'e, hiki ke loli ke'ano o nā a'a inā ho'omaka lākou e hana i nā hana kūikawā. No laila,'o nā a'a o ke a'a i ulu i nā pākehā nui, he homologous.

'A'ole lākou e hā'awi i ka'ao'ao lalo o ka'ōmole i ho'oma'ema'e'ia i loko o ka wai, e pale ana i ka pala. Orchids Honolulu aʻa homologous lola honua nā loko - ka mea, e komo i loko o ka pōʻalo o nā puke o ka lewa no ka ha mea kanu. Hāpai lākou i kahi wai e hō'ili'ili ana i ka maloo a me nā hui pū'ali manu, nā hua pakiaka o beets a me nā kāloka, nā rootstocks o Ierusalema artichoke a me dahlias. 'O kēia mau ho'ololi a pau he mau inoa inoa. He kumu kūpono kēia mau kumu kololīlā, e like me ke'ano o kekahi me kekahi a me ka loina nui o ka ho'ohālike'ana o ka'ōmole honua - ke kumu.

Homology i loko o ke kino kanaka

'O nā lālā o ka papa mele, e komo pū ana me Homo sapiens, kahi papa no ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka pūnaewele musculoskeletal,'o ia ho'i, kona māhele axial - ka'ōiwi.

Akā, he mau hi'ohi'ona ka mea i'ike'ia e like me ka ho'ololi'ana i ka mea kūpono, no ka mea,'o ke'ano o ka'ōiwi like me ka Latin o ka helu S. Eia kekahi, i ka'eke o ka lālani luna, i nā iwi ho'okahi a me nā holoholona, ke kū'ē i ke ākea o ka manamana nui i nā lima'ehā'ē a'e, 'O ka hopena o ka hiki ke hana. 'O nā Homologues nā hi'ohi'ona a pau i ha'i'ia i ka hanana o ka anthropogenesis.