I ka moolelo o Rusia o ka 14th kenekulia

14th kenekulia - i ka manawa o ka mea hou i loko o ke ola o ka Lūkini ko na'lii,. Ma keia mōʻaukala wā ua lilo i ka mana o ke Gula iā Goga ma ka akau-hikina panalāʻau e noho ana i ka aina Lūkini. Ua iwaena o ka poe liilii, fiefdoms wela ai ke paio no ka supremacy, a e pili ana a puni kona fiefdom hou centralized moku'āina. Wale no ka mau ana o Lūkini aina ke kiola aku i ka auamo o ka nomads, a lawe kona wahi i waena o na mana Europa. Mawaena o ka hiapo kulanakauhale, hooki loa iho la ia e ka Tatar kaua, uaʻaʻohe mana,ʻaʻohe pili waiwai, aole hoi keiki, no laila, ua aole Kiev,ʻaʻole hoʻi Vladimir a me Suzdal hiki ole koi ae ia ia i ka wā e hiki mai au o ka waena. Rus ma ka 14th kenekulia hoʻolauna i nā punahele hou i loko o ka heihei. Ua Novgorod Repubalika, ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania a me Muscovy.

Novgorod aina. pōkole hōʻikeʻano o ka

I nā lā kahiko, ka Mongolian lio i ole ma Novgorod. ulu i ke kūlanakauhale, a paa iho la kona aoao no i kona kikowaena wahi ma waena o ka Baltic Huipuia, hikina Lūkini na aina, a me ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania. Hou anuanu Snap makahiki 13-14 (Little Ice Age) me ka nui loa hoemiia e haawi i ko ma na aina o Novgorod, Novgorod akā, ke olaʻana, a lilo iho la i waiwai ma ka hoʻoulu i ke koi no ka rai a me ka huapalaoa i loko o ka Baltic wahi kanaka.

Pili aupuni lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe Novgorod

Ka pili 'ole o ke kulanakauhale kokoke i ka mea Slavic mooolelo keena. Keia ano o na mea'ōnaehana ola i loko o Lūkini aina'ē aʻe, akā, ma hope o ka enslavement o Rusia koke la i mea ole. Kauoha aku, o ka luna i loko o ka na'lii a Vershilo ke keʻena o - maʻamau ano o ke au kahiko o Aupuni. Akā, ma ka oiaio o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia o ka 14th kenekulia i loko o Novgorod lawelawe lima o ka waiwai poʻe kānaka. Resale kiliala a me kaʻeleu kalepa ma nāʻaoʻao hanaia ma Novgorod ākea stratum o ka waiwai kanaka - ke "gula kāʻei", i mea maoli hoʻohana i ka hana kālai'āina i loko o ka na'lii.

Up a ka ka piʻiʻana hope a hiki i ka Moscow na'lii o Novgorod aina i ka loa nui o nā mea a pau e hoohui mai ia Rusia ma ka 14th kenekulia.

No ke aha la Novgorod lilo i ke kikowaena

Novgorod wahi i ole densely na kanaka], a hiki ma ka heyday o ka na'lii o Novgorod ka heluna kanaka i 30 tausani kanaka oi aku -. Kela huina hiki aole lanakila kokoke aina, a me ka hoopaa ia i loko o lākou ka mana. Oiai ka mōʻaukala o ka 14th kenekulia Novgorod kahea i kekahi o ka mea nui loa Karistiano-oaio? A, o ka Ekalesia ma ka na'lii o ka mana nui i. Kekahi mea pilikia i ka haahaa fertility o Novgorod, a me ka ikaika kaukaʻi ma o ka hou hema pāhili. Novgorod i nā lilo oi a oi e kaukaʻi ma Moscow, a ho'ōla lilo kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale o Moscow na'lii.

I ka lua o ka mea noi. Grand Duchy o Lithuania

I ka moolelo o Rusia o ka 14th kenekulia makemake ole e piha me ka hōʻike o ka hopena i ua i ma ke komohana nei Duchy o Lithuania (ON). I hanaʻia ma luna o nā wahi e pili ana o ka aina nui o Kiev, ka mea, ua hui pūʻia ma lalo o ka hae o Lithuanians, ka Balts a me Slavs. E kū'ē i ka backdrop o ka ikaika ho'āhewa wale iā Goga Western rusichi ike ma Lithuania kona maoli pale aku i na koa o ke Gula iā Goga.

Mana a me ka hoomana ana i loko o ON

Ka mana i loko o ka moku'āina no i ke alii - ka mea i kapaia o Gospodar. He hoolohe i ka liʻiliʻi koa i - pany. Soon ON ikeia ma ka kūʻokoʻa Ahaolelo kino - ka hale kanawai, i mea he ahaolelo o influential haku, a Hoʻoikaika i ka lākou mau wahi i loko o nā hana o ka wahi lulu kulekele. Ka nui pilikia i ka nele o ka maopopo ala o succession - i ka make ana o ka mea mua Haku hoʻonāukiuki infighting ma waena o Loaʻaʻia mau hope, a me ka pinepine accrue i mea i ka nohoalii i ke kānāwai ia iho, a me ka loa unscrupulous o ia.

Hoʻomana i loko o Lithuania

Like no ka hoomana ana, ka mea 14th kenekulia i ole i hoʻokohu 'ia kekahi mau' maʻi lele Duchy o Lithuania haipule manao a me sympathies. Lithuanians Ua lōʻihi ua ana maneuvered ma waena o Catholicism a me Orthodoxy, i loko o kona naʻau koe pegana. Prince hiki e bapetizoia ma o ka Hui manaoio, a me ka Bihopa i ka mea ia manawa aku au Orthodoxy. Ke ākea nā paʻi hua o ka peasantry a me ka townspeople ka hapanui hahai Orthodox hoomaka, 14th kenekulia dictated i ke koho ana o ka manaoio me ka papa inoa o ka hiki allies a me nā koa o kēlāʻaoʻao. No ka Catholicism ua he ikaika 'Eulopa, Orthodoxy i koe no na aina hikina, a i mau uku i nā' aoʻao hoʻomana.

No ke aha la i Lithuania

West Rusia i ka 14-15 kenekulia, skillfully maneuvered ma waena o ke Gula iā Goga a me ka poʻe komohewaʻEulopa. Kēia kahua hoʻomākaukau no ka nui poe a pau i nā kulekele o ia mau makahiki. Akā, ma hope o ka make ana o Algirdas mana i loko o ka na'lii a hala i loko o ka lima o ka Jagiello. Ma lalo o nā hua'ōlelo o Krevsk Union, oia mare i ka heiress o ka mokuaina, a lilo ae la i ka de Na facto luna o nā ka aina nui. Catholicism i nā komo i loko o nā spheres o ka lahui ola. Ka ikaika ole o kaʻenemi hoomana i ka mea hiki ole no ka hui ana o ka akau-hikina aina a puni Lithuania, Vilnius nolaila, i ole lilo Moscow.

Muscovy

Kekahi o ka mea nui mau wahi paa a ka poe liilii, a puni lākou maoli pelupelu ia Dolgoruky Vladimir na'lii, i loko o ka aeia noʻoihana ma ka crossroads o kuai? Ooia. Little Moscow ua hana hoʻokipa poʻe kālepa, mai ka hikina a me ke komohana, ua komo i ka Volga, a me ka'ākau kai. 14th kenekulia lawe Moscow i ou wahi lihi iki o ke kaua a me ka make, akā, ma hope o kēlā me kēia kaua no ke kūlanakauhale, e e kukulu hou ia. Moscow i nā loaa kona mau luna - ke alii - a ana hahai i ka manao o ka hoʻoulu kanaka no kela concessions paa noho iho i loko o ka hou laulā. A eia i? Anoe o ka wahi kōkua, e hooikaika i ka mana a me kaʻoihana o ka na'lii. Ma ka moku'āina i ka pono o ka piha aupuni mō'ī, a ua like me ke kauoha o ka succession. I ka mana o ke keiki hiapo, i ua ole kaua hahana loa, a nui loa, a me nā mea maikaʻi na aina o ke alii i loko o kona kauoha. Moscow ka credibility me ka nui loa, a mahuahua nui ma hope o ka na'lii a lanakila ma luna o Mamai i ka 1380 - kekahi o ka loa nui lanakila e i loaa ia Rusia ma ka 14th kenekulia. Mōʻaukala Ua kōkua Moscow e ala, a ma luna o kona mau enemi - Tiberia. Ma hope o kekahi Mongol kaua o ke kulanakauhale ua i hiki ke loaa mai ka panakalupa, a lilo iho la ke kanaka pio e o Moscow.

hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka statehood

I ka moolelo o Rusia o ka 14th kenekulia i nā ukuhi i Moscow ma ke poo o ka hoʻokahi moku'āina. Aka ikaika wale o ka iā Goga, aka, ikaika kuleana ma ka akau-hikina aina o ka hoa'ākau a me ka palena. Akā, pana aku la ia i ka pohaku mua Orthodox ekalesia ma Moscow, e māhuahua ka kūlana o ka ekalesia, a ua ikaika hoihoi i loko o ka hoʻokumu o ka hoʻokahi moku'āina. Eia hou, i ka 14th kenekulia ua he milestone no nā nui lanakila. Ke kaua o Kulikov kahua hōʻike i ke Gula iā Goga, e hiki ke kipaku mai o ka aina Lūkini. Ke kaua lōʻihi me ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania i pau ai i ka pio ana o ka Lithuanians, a me Vilnius ka wa pau ole, haalele loa ka ho'āʻo 'ana e panalāʻau mua i ka akau-komohana. No laila, Moscow ua i ka mea mua a me ke kapuai ma ka paa ana o kona statehood.