"Ka lehu" (mokuluu). Multipurpose nukelea mokuluu o Project 885 "ao lehu"

Like nā koa pono, ke ao nei ka mokuluu Hawaiʻi nei puunaueia ma ka hanauna o ka kalaʻana makahiki. Mai ka "Nautilus" a me ka "Leninsky Komsomol" i ke kālā no Kao lele lako kaua-e hali ana i nunui-manao haʻahaʻa-leo "Sea Wolf" a me ka "Boreas" i hele wale eono makahiki, i keia manawa i ua loli ai i eha-hanauna mokuluu nukelea-mana moku. Ma ka lima o ka Lūkini Moana mea ano "Severodvinsk" (K-560) Project 885 "ka lehu", he mokuluu me ka nukelea mana mea kanu o ka ha o ka hanauna. Waiho ekolu hou like moku ( "Kazan", "Novosibirsk" a me ka "Krasnoyarsk"), ma ka mea o ka ekolu. Ka mea, e ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he umi a hiki i ka pau ana o kaʻumi makahiki, apparently. Nā lāʻau kūpeʻe i hele aku i ka hou nukelea mokuluu, Hawaii photo, hoopio i kēia hanana, paʻi i ka Media a puni ka honua, i kekahi manawa me ka kōkua maikaʻi manaʻo, akā, oi me he ki o ka ulu koa haʻawina i loko o Rusia. Paha keia manao ua ho'āponoʻia, a me ko kakou aupuni, mākaukau aku nō mākou, ae hōʻikeʻano pākīkē mau manao? Oe i ka hoohalike, no ka laʻana, mea o koa nā moʻohelu kālā a me ka'auwaʻa haku mele 'ana.

Pahu hopu a me nā Pahuhopu

Ka papa kulana home 'ole i loko o ke ao nei, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nele o ideological confrontation escalated i ka "wela"' ilikai, like me ka mālama '-kaua manawa, no ka manaʻolana o ka Cuban Kao lele lako kaua ulia. Kuokoaʻikepili alualu ma ke alakaʻi o Rusia ka geopolitical kuleana i loko o ka hoomalu ana o ke aupuni, ke kumu ae hookaawale "Western mau hoaaloha." Ma ke kumu o kekahi aina, i haehaeia e na pāonioni, exacerbates loa holoʻokoʻa ana hoʻokele waiwai, i kekahi ke hoʻoponopono i ka manao a me ka makemake o ka mea mawaho koa, e lawe i kekahi ana, a me nā moʻopuna koa 'uao, i mea e loaʻa ai i ko lakou mau pahu hopu. Kuikawa, pae iaʻano pākīkē hana protrudes kalaiaina puʻe, i ukali ia e olelo hooweliweli o ka poe ikaika no lakou. Ke koa Bedroom o ka USA mea nui, ka mea, ua oiaio no e hele mai ana i ka Astronomical a me ka launaʻole nui o 700 ieeeea?. Dala. Ke Russian Hui hiki ole ke pale ana ke kālā i ka nui o ke kālā, no laila, loaʻa emi o ka nui ma ka pane ana i ka make māinoino o asymmetrical. Mokuluu "ka lehu" pāhana - he laʻana o ke kaʻakālai hoʻokokoke mai, ma lalo a hiki parity pono oluolu me kālā ke kanana nei. ʻOiai ke koi ana i ka mea i nike, hoi, e hiki ole.

I ka moolelo o ka ha o ka hanauna

Ke mau helehelena o ka ha-hanauna nukelea mokuluu, ma ka mau, i hanaʻia i loko o ka hopena o seventies. Oiai ka confrontation ma waena o nā superpowers mau mea, i masked e kamailio e pili ana i ka pomaikai o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu, ka mea, ua o ka muli o kona kulana oluolu irreconcilable kaua ma waena o nā kālai'āina a me ka ieoiiieeia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE USʻoihana moku kaua o ka mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele, personified ka holoʻokoʻa Western koa mana. Ka lua o ka "pahi" mea hooweliweli i ka Soviet Union, manaʻo like me ka ke Kuhina Nui o Oʻahu. Ma pili ana i kēia mau pōpilikia ana nukelea mokuluu o ka hope o ka hanauna i loko o kipaku hiki aggression hiki theoretically i ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu elua: o ka kaua e ku e kaumaha mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele, ka poe i hele mai me ka ukali, a me ka lukuʻenemi mokuluu. Oe ke hoi hoʻohui kekahi koʻikoʻi papa: ke noi ana o ka ua hoʻohiki retaliation. Ka Soviet Union i ka hoʻokô 'ana i ka mea mua nukelea mea kaua mai i pili. Ua manaʻo e ho okumu ana i kekahi 'ano o ka papa anuʻu loa kai moku, paʻa, i haawiia e like me ka nunui-manao. He ia ia, a he poe mokuluu o Project 885 "ka lehu", hookomo i loko o ka metala ma hope o ka disintegration o ka USSR, i loko o ka XXI kenekulia. Ke pili aupuni'ōnaehana Ua loli ma ka aina. Loaʻaʻia kaʻenemi i koe i ka ia.

Unification a universalization

CB "Malachite" i loko o ka Soviet Union i loko o nā kanalima hana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka hou mokuluu me nukelea propulsion. Ke hou mokuluu? Ac? Ponoʻaneʻi ma Leningrad. ha-hanauna ipu mea ole wale o ka makahiki o ke kalaʻana aku 'enekinia, palapala kuhikuhi. Innovative manaʻo pili i ka puu, a me ka mea, i mea manaʻo ma ka 'ano a me ka hai aku i kekahi oaoieei-hiʻona. Ka Soviet Moku exploited na mea he nui, i ke kumuhana mokuluu, e ka mea paʻakikī no ko lakou ola, moku aʻo, ka hoʻoponopono 'ana, a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie iho. Aia ua kokoke kekahi hoʻonohonoho ma muli manao e unify i ka manao mokuluu no laila, i ka mea hiki ke hana i ka helu o nā hana, mua i loaʻa hana kūikawā moku wale no, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka kumu o ka hookahi hāpana e e hiki ke hana 'iniha, no kela mau hana. Kēia nukelea-mana mokuluu, a ho'ēmi (na kanaka ka moni i loko o ka Soviet Union ho'āʻo e hoola), a me ka moa aʻo ua Nohie.

Hapalua kino - ia Ka me?

ʻike mau PL, kakolina diesel a nukelea kūkulu mai ka panina hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha ninoieo o ka paa kino i loaʻa nā mea a pau e pono no ka hana o ka hakakā poe mikanele, a me ka malamalama iwi e uhi ana i ka ballast poʻina nalu. Aia hoi, o ka papa, a me ka multihull papa anuʻu loa kai cruiser ( "Pali", no ka laʻana), akā, ka mea, ua nui loa nui a me ka pipiʻi, no laila lākou hoʻohana mea nui hana kūikawā, a me ka pilikia ua pono i ka mea i hanaia o ka nunui-kumu moku. E like me ka palapala noaia o ka papahana "ka lehu" ua kūkuluʻia. Ka mokuluu i ka hapalua o ka iwi. He aha aʻole ia ke ano o? O ka holo ana, he mea hiki ole e oki i ka paa kino, ka mea, na pau na mea kaua, na mea paahana, a me machines, hooponopono i na mea maalea, he nukelea mīkini'ātoma, a me ka hailona no nā mea a pau, a me ka luina. Akā, me ka pā iwi o na nā kānakaʻenehana o KB "Malachite" hana wiwo ole. Ka mea, uhi wale i ka ihu o ka moku, i helu hui-ma Kao lele lako kaua ma Silo. Front ka papa kuhikuhiE ballast pahu o Nyos i loko o ka makahiki intercase, he umi haawi like penei: 5 CHB ka hooponopono ia i loko o ka hiku o ka pahu a me ka 4 (hua hoʻohui keu papahana no kokololio kaiapuni) i loko o ka lima o ka Kao lele lako kaua. Ipu, ua piha oia me ka lewa wai ole, lawe i ka annulus pokole lako a pan a me ka mea kaua. Akā, i kaʻia hiʻona shipbuilders i ole kaupalena '.

mīkini'ātoma

Ma ka ono o ka pahu o ka "naau" o ka moku, nukelea mīkini'ātoma. He 'aneʻi e hookuu aku oia i nunui dala o thermal ikehu, ka paio hahana maoli nō mahu e kipaku i ka turbines. Mokuluu "ka lehu" pāhana i hoʻolako pono me ka kūikawā mana mea kanu, kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka noniakahi-puni-apana. Kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā mea a pau wela 'ia i loko o ka mua kaapuni (hui' ana me ka wahie hehee wale) i IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE a me ka laina lōʻihi alakai anywhere mea i pono. A hāpai olelo hoopomaikai, kona naʻe ia mau haneri megawatts, a me ia mea emi o "fonit" (ia mea he ninau; a mahuka). Ka mīkini'ātoma Ua loa ike loea, keia koi ua dictated ma ka pilikia komo i kona cii, ua hoʻohiki au o ka hana manawa ua kau no ma luna o ke kanakolu makahiki.

hookohu compartments

Class mokuluu "lehu" i ka waiwai nui hale noho, puunaueia i compartments, i ka mea, i oleʻokoʻa mai a pau'ē aʻe. Nine o ia, eia ka he papa inoa o ia:

1st - CCU. Ma waho aʻeo ia ke kikowaena kauoha moʻomanaʻo 'aneʻi like hoʻopakele keena ma ka a, ina he pono, e hiki e haʻalele i ka moku moku, hydroacoustic wahi, a komo i ka cockpit. Torpedo paipu, e like mua papahana i hope o keia pahu, e ae ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE "maka" a me ka "pepeiao" o ka moku - ke kukuna, e loaa ana i ka mea nawaliwali no lepa, a haawi piha 'ana i kou nā wahi. Mokuluu o Project 885 "lehu" - i ka loa "mau maka aku" moku o kona papa.

2nd - torpedo, mai keia wahi aku, papa mai Kanaka lakou papa anuʻu loa kai Kao lele lako kaua, e like me kākoʻo lako a pan a me ka uila paia waho ka hāʻuleʻana na manao ona.

3rd, Four-, paʻa kūhohonu loa i na mea maalea, moku ka mākaʻikaʻi? Ieaoa (nā mīkini uila, coolers, ballast EII ni, a pela aku.)

4th - ka hale, eia nō ka Kubrick a me ka luina keena, saloon, aina, 'inikua a me nā iauaeoia e hōʻoia' maʻamau olelo iloko o lōʻihi mamao huakaʻi.

5th pahu kapa i ke Kao lele lako kaua. Ma waho aʻeo i na mea kaua formidable, e like me ka olelo maluna, he mea no hoi i ka ballast poʻina nalu.

6th - mīkini'ātoma, ma ka hou ana i ka mana kanu ua hoomakaukau me he kākoʻo pahu no ka uku ana i ka hoʻomaka 'ana ka lāʻau ikiʻai.

7th pahu kapaʻia ka mīkini peahi uila. He He wahi kahi wela mahu hoʻoili kona ikehu i ka propeller mau lala. A hiki iʻaneʻi, he 5 BTF.

Ma ka 8thʻeleu ma paʻi ipu, a mai ka hoʻomoe hoʻopakele mau hana.

9-la pahu kapa i ka mahiai. I unuhi 'ia mai ka' ōlelo 'o ke kai' o ia hoʻi e loaʻa ia lŘlŘ ka pāʻana i ka papamoe, a vertical hoeuli ma ke kumu o ka neaa actuators.

ka pouli

Nukelea mokuluu "lehu" Ua hoʻololi i ai i kona ka loaʻaʻana i Ua problematic. Nō kāu, i ke alo o ka mokuluu i loko o kekahi wahi o ko ke ao nei kai "pōpilikia" ma kekahi mau aʻe: leo a me ka hoʻohewa maomeka, radiological Track, wela dissipation, a visually ma ka aniani moakaka papa o ka wai. Unmasks ka moku, a me kaʻume mākenēki kahua hua mai la ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. I mea e emi ai kaʻike pono, a me ka pilikia o ka landmine detonator pane maʻalahi i kekahi loli ma kūpaʻa kihapai, moku ma na awa, a ma luna alanui ma lalo i ka demagnetization ina hana. Ka hale noho pāhana NPS 885 ua i ka kūikawā kila oka a pau i mea like i loko o ka waiwai, e paramagnetic. Noise ua minimized ma 15 decibels lākou hoemi wale ma ka hoʻokahuli aupuni mana'ōnaehana puniʻia. Mau kani ka paka i ka penaʻana ua hoi i moku "mālie." Hoʻohana 'ia a me nā pāʻoihana e ho'ēmi iʻike pono. Propeller kekahi, ka mea, ua i ka 'ike loea kūikawā, i hoakaka haʻahaʻa-leo e holo mai ana.

mea kaua

Ano, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea, i kela ano keia ano o na mea hiki i ka hihia o ka pono, e pili i ka "ao lehu". Ke mokuluu mea ma luna o ka moku ewalu launchers kumu 'ano no ka "onika". Mai ka moku o versatile, ka mea hiki ke auou caiaiai ma ka 3M54 ( "'ōmaʻomaʻo") a me "Caliber" 3M14. Kēlā me kēia PU hiki ke hookuu aku 4 moku peʻa Kao lele lako kaua. Alakaʻi mea kaua eiiieaena 3P-14P nenoaiu. Kao lele lako kaua ke ku i ka lepo a me ka 'ilikai pale, maalo ae la oia ma ka palahalaha ala, e ia paʻakikī e huai ae a me Kao lele lako kaua hana. I ko lakou manao Desha i ka rula o ka "iliohae pack", e like me a ma waena o nā mea lele e lele ana i ka manawa o ke komo ana i ka hakakā papa huapalapala mau 'pili ana. Ke Kao lele lako kaua, a uaʻikeʻia ma luna o ka mea 'ē aʻe, e lawe i ke alakaʻi a Mānoa, coordinating i ka hana o ka pae. I Ina o ka make ana o kaʻenemi Kao lele lako kaua ia hoʻi, ana nō kuleana pili i ua 'akomi Neʻe i kekahi pa alima. E hana me ia i ka volley o ka moku peʻa Kao lele lako kaua aneane hiki ole i. No keia "lehu" ua gloomy inoa kapakapa "kai o ka mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele."

He umi torpedo paipu, o ka a pau e ma na aoao o ka lua o ka pahu ma hope pono o ka kikowaena kauoha moʻomanaʻo. Ammunition - 30 "Physico-1" (533 moʻokūʻikena).

Inā pono, o ka moku ke kau mines, e lawe mai sonar countermeasures (no keia mea i ka "nā pale kaʻa" Rep-324), a me ka hana 'ē aʻe nā hana e complicate i ka hana ana hana o kaʻenemi moku.

General ano

I na mea a pau i ka mea ma luna o ka moku, e hiki ke kiʻi 'ike mai ka lehulehu kumu. Poe akamai i mau nō i hoʻoponopono i ka ma ko lākouʻano i ka mea o ka mokuluu. Photos paʻiʻia i loko o ka Media, ae mākou e manao ma ka mea nui, ka mea i maoli he puu: i ka lōʻihi o ka 140 mau mika. Pohupani hale submerged -ʻaneʻane 14 tausani tons .. No hoi i loaʻa kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki napoo ana no hoi, i hoʻolaha ka mokuluu. Ano like nui oko ke kaumaha ma muli o ka degere o ka submergence hale papa anuʻu loa kai ka moku e höʻike wikiwiki (31 knots), a no ka ulu emersion 16 knots. Ka luina oia no luna 32 a me 90 luina, a me na lunakahiko. mea a pau o ia i ka pilikia, a he mea hiki ole ke aumeume no ola ke haʻalele i ka moku i loko o ka detachable e pakele ai pod, aia i loko o ke kakaka. One ua luku aku la ma ka nui loa o retractable kukuna nenoai, mimiki ma luna o ka deckhouse. Ka mea, i ike loea kamaʻilio me ke kauoha a me na moku e ae. Loaʻa 'ike i ka loaʻa nui o kūikawā lako a ma luna o ka moku, e pili ana ike Kanal acoustic e palekana mai ka interception. E aʻo pehea e hana, aole mea i ike piha.

Hai kū kaʻawale mea hoʻokahi haneri lā, akā, realistically, loa paha, ma laila i e hou.

Technology a me ka waiwai e lilo aku

Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka moku no a hiki i ka ia papahana, 'aʻole i manaʻo ka mea, e pau loa ia'ālike. Kēlā me kēia hou pa alima i kekahi pono ma ka mua ma muli o ka hana hou i ka 'ike loea hou a me ka hoʻohana' ana o ka nui kēiaʻano o ka lako a me na mea kaua. me ka hiki wawe i kekahi mau 'ano' ē aʻe o ka 'ike loea hou i ka moku i ke kūkulu i ole, o ka oi aku i luna' like me ka mokuluu papahana "ao lehu". Ka mokuluu "Severodvinsk", aponoia ma ka Moana hana i loko o ka makahiki i hala iho nei, loaʻa ka waihona 47 ieeeea? Rubles. Ke ia dala, e loaʻa, a "Kazan", akā, i kēia moku laina holomua, modernized pono, a me ka halulu a hiki ma lalo aole makou i ike ai mamua. Eia hou, i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā eiiiiiaiou a me accessories mokuluu ua manawa hoololiia a hiki i ka mokuna o ka Russian Hui, a ho'ēmi i kā ka pilikia o ke kulu o ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi' ike e pili ana i kā lākou mau manaʻo, a maoli he i ke ku okoa ana mai ka aina e mai ana. He mea kumu, e kuhi ana i ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia hope pa alima e huli ai me ka hou ana o keʻanoʻenehana pōʻaiapuni. Ua mau ka hana, akā, i kēia kŰia i kekahiʻaoʻao. Ma ka manawa o ka hoʻokō 'ana aku i ka lani kiekie loa i ke oo loa ana o kekahi' enehana mea ua obsolete, a me ka hou Aey? Acaeoey i makaukau no ka manaʻo, a me nā hua'ōlelo o ka hai endlessly. Mea maikai "ka lehu" Project 885, ma Lūkini KB paha ua i nā manaʻo. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki ka mea, heʻoiaʻiʻo hou mokuluu e e kukulu no hoi iluna, me nā 'ano o ka a e e like aho.