Ka nuipa a ka neutron, proton, huina'ine - i loaʻa i loko o ho'ānoʻole?

E like me ka mea hana pono wale me ka ike ole ia mea, no laila, he meaʻoiaʻiʻo i mercantile-nä ninau - a pehea ka nui o ka mea kaupaona. Akā, inā keia mea i ike ole - he kula haʻahaʻaa huna, laila aha? A me ka mea, i ka ninau koe: ka mea i ka hū o ka huna. Inā kekahi ua hana ma ka helu o nā koina hoʻonui e känaka, e māʻona kona iʻaʻa e noiʻi i oi kaʻoi loa ana na nā paʻi hua o haʻahaʻa (particles), a laila, ua makemake ike ana, no ka mea hoike, i ka neutron nuipa a ma kilograms me breathtaking ka helu o nā 'Aʻohe hualoaʻa ma hope o ka kekimala wahi, kāki manaʻo kanaka oi pipiʻi ma mua o ka loa pipiʻi hana me ka ia helu ana o 'Aʻohe hualoaʻa ma mua o ka kekimala wahi.

Ka mea, a pau ka hoʻomaka 'loa casually: i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua alai ae e J. Dzh.Tomsonom i ka 1897 alakaʻi i ke ao o ka cathode kukuna .. Ka hopena Ua nānā 'ia e kekahi ao a eia no ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa - ka lākiō o ka huina'ine nuipa e kauoha aku lākiō. Prior i ka hoomaopopo ana i ka nui o ka huina'ine Ua kokokeʻaneʻi - e hooholo kona kauoha. Ma hope o 12 makahiki, Robert Millikan ua hiki ke hana ia. He ho okolohua me ka haule ana i loko o ka uila ke kahua o ka aila droplets, a me ia ua hiki ole wale ke koena i ke kaumaha o ka waiwai o ke kula, akā, no hoi e hana i ka mea e pono ai ana a me ka'āina wiwi. Lākou hopena - ka laulā cia o ka hū o ka huina'ine:

iaʻu = 9,10938215 (15) * 10-31kg.

Ma keia manawa, a me nā haʻawina o ka 'ole o ka'ātoma nucleus, a i Ua he paionia Ernest Rutherford. Ua i ka mea nana, e kiai ana i ka hoopuehu aku ana i hoopiiia (particles), ua manaoia he kumu hoʻohālike o ka'Ātoma me ka pā huina'ine iwi, a me ka maikaʻi nucleus. Ke huna, i loko o ka planetary'ātoma kükohu i ua manaoia kūlana nucleus simplest'Ātoma bombardment ua loaa ia ma ka naikokene pele o Alpha-kukuna. Kēia i ka mea mua nukelea naoh i loaa i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua - kona hopena i loaa mai ka naikokene a me ka oxygen ma nuclei wā e hiki mai hydrogen nā'ātoma, i kēia mau protons. Eia naʻe, alpha kukuna iloko o ka luna '(particles) ma ka hou o nā protons ka mea, ke komo nā hou neutron. Neutron nuipa aneane like me ka hū o ka proton , a me ka huina kaumaha o Alpha-huna paa ua loaa loa ma ka mea, e luku aku i ka 'ōlelo a me ka ee e? Inoaia aku "apana", a me ka mea hiki.

Kahe ana maikaʻi protons deflected e ka uila kahua, compensating kona deflection, kena ae la ma ka umekaumaha. Ma kēia mau ho okolohua e hooholo i ka nui o ka proton mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī. Akā, i ka oi hana hoihoi i ka ninau o ka ano o ka pili i nuipa o ka proton a me ka huina'ine. Ua nane lā i koke Wehewehe i nā hāʻina: ka proton nuipa aku i ka hū o ka huina'ine he uuku oi ma mua o 1836 manawa.

Penei, initially, ka'Ātoma kükohu ea e Rutherford like huina'ine-proton 'ia paha me ka ia helu ana o protons a me electrons. Eia naʻe, nui koke ka mea, huli mai i ka iniiaiie nukelea kükohu 'aʻole i hiki maopopo wehewehe a pau i ka malama i' ole ma o ka hana kūleʻa o haʻahaʻa (particles). Wale i ka 1932, Dzheyms Chedvik hookupaa iho la ia i ke kuhiakau o nā (particles) i loko o ka nucleus. Ka mea, i kapaʻia neutrons, protons,'ākilikai, mai i ka mea i loaʻa i ke kauoha. He keia mea e hookomo ana i ko lakou oi penetrating - ka mea, mai hoomaunauna i ko lākou ikehu ma ionization colliding nā'ātoma. neutron nuipa wale iki ma luna ma mua o ka proton nuipa a - he huina o ma kahi o 2,6 huina'ine nā paʻi hua hou.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o ka waiwai a me ka hui a i hanaʻia ma kēia hehee ai, nānā 'ia ma ka helu ana o protons i loko o ka nucleus o ka'Ātoma. Over manawa, me ka hoopaa komo o ka proton i loko o ka ikaika, a me ka 'ē aʻe nā paepae hana kūleʻa: electromagnetic a, gravitational a me ka nawaliwali. Penei, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka ukana o ka neutron kahi waiho, me ka ikaika a me ka proton neutron hana kūleʻa ua noʻonoʻo me ka haʻahaʻa huna nucleon i loko o kekahi quantum Hawaii. Part no aʻo Kīwala'ō o ka hana ana i kēia mau (particles) mea ku pono i ka mea i ka nuipa a o ka neutron ka loa uuku okoa mai ka hū o ka proton. proton kumupaʻa apono 'hoʻohana ana i mālama'-accelerating i kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki, e like me ka bombarding (particles) no nukelea reactions.