Kawaihae Krylova I. A. Life a me ka hana ana o ka fabulist kaulana

Kawaihae Krylova I. A. hoomaka ma ka bustling Moscow, ma ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo a me ka fabulist i hanau 2 (13) February 1769

noho 'ana kamaliʻi Krylov

Nā Mākua Ivan Andreyevich i ka pinepine hoʻoneʻe mai kekahi wahi a hiki i kekahi. Ma ka waena o ke kua'āina uprising alakai e Emelyan Pugachev Krylov a me kona makuwahine, he ma Orenburg, a me ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo ka makua kāne i ka luna i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Yaik. Ka inoa Andreya Krylova a hiki i olelo ia i loko o ka papa inoa pugachovskom ma ka pale, akā, mea pōmaikaʻi no ka ohana, ka mea i heleʻole mai. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka manawa Andrei Krylov make a me ka 'ohana nō uuku pahaʻaʻohe kālā. Ivan ka makuahine puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka hana i loko o ka home o ka poe waiwai kanaka. Krylov iho ka hoʻomaka 'ana e hana i ka loa i kakahiaka nui e poohina ai - i ka makahiki o ka eiwa. He Ua ae no ka uuku uku, e rewrite i ka hana palapala.

Next, ke keiki i aoia i loko o ka hale o N. A. Lvova, ka mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana. Ivan aʻo mau keiki haku ka me, halawai me Artists a me nā mea kākau, ka mea pinepine hele mai e kipa Lviv, hoʻolohe i kā lākou kamaʻilio.

No ka mea, o kekahi fragmentary hoʻonaʻauaoʻalo hope kākau moʻolelo me na pilikia. Eia naʻe, ma hope iho, ua hiki ke aʻo i ke kākauʻana, e me ka nui loa hoÿonui ai i ko lipolipo, a hiki ke kumu i ka Italia 'ōlelo.

Ka mua ho'āʻo ma ke kākau 'ana

A hou ke kahua i hoomaka iho ai oukou ma ka ola o ka fabulist mai hoʻoneʻe i ka 'ohana a hiki i St. Petersburg. Kawaihae Krylova I. A. iloko oia kau mea pololei ai hana hoihoi, no ka mea, mea i keia manawa, ka mea, ua i kona mua kapuwaʻi ma luna o ka palapala, ai 'ala. Ma ka'ākau kapikala fabulist makuahine hele aku e hoʻonā i ke kahe o ka hoomau, akā, o kana mau hana i lanakila.

Krylov ia ia iho, me ka hoomaunauna aku ai i manawa i loko o makehewa, ua hoonohonoho i ka hana i loko o ka Office o ka Waihona keena. Eia naʻe, kūhelu pāʻoihana mea,ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ko lākou mea e hopohopo nei no ia. Kokoke i ka noa manawa oia i ka hāhai ma ka palapala, ai haʻawina, keaka, hoʻomaka e kamaʻilio pili loa me ka loea loa-ikeia nā mea hana keaka, like hoʻi me P. A. Soymonovym, ka luna hoʻokele o ka hale kiaka.

A hiki ma hope o ka make ana o ka makuwahine o Ivan maua koe i ka ia. Inā manawa i ka wā e hiki mai fabulist pilikia: pono kiai ia mai no kona kaikaina, ka mea i koe i loko o kona manao.

Kawaihae Krylova I. A. i loko o ka 80-ies. - he a eia i ke alu like me ke ao o ka hale kiaka. I loko o kēia wā, mai o kona mau lima haʻalele i ka libretto no ke keaka mele "Kofeynitsa," "pupule ohana", "Cleopatra", like hoʻi me Comedy, Pani 'ōlelo' "ka mea kākau i loko o ka lumi papa." ʻAʻole hoʻi kona kaulana, aole hoi i ka nunui uku ka mea, heʻoiaʻiʻo i ole lawe mai. Akā, Krylov 'ae' e hui i ka pōʻai o ka hoa o St. Petersburg kākau moʻolelo.

Ke kanaka opiopio e kaili ma lalo o kona mau'ēheu i kaulana playwright, a imi i ke kōkua Knyazhin Krylov hou ana hoʻolaulaha kā lākou mau hana. Eia naʻe,ʻo Ivan Andreyevich hoole ole wale keia kōkua, akā, i mahana i kekahi pilina me Knyazhinym, a kakau iho la laila, i ka Comedy "Pranksters" ma a na hiki aoao o ka hana ana i lealea o ka playwright a me kana wahine. Ia mea i malihini i ka loa Comedy Ua banned no staging, a me ka mea kākau, ua'ānaiʻia ana me nā kākau moʻolelo, a me ka hana keaka Keʻena Luna, ma i na hana i kau ma luna o ke kahua.

I ka pau ana o kaʻumi makahiki Krylov mea makemake, e ho'āʻo i kona lima ma journalism. Ka Magazine "Morning Watch" o kona mau mele paʻi i ka 1788, akā, ka mea i hele unnoticed. Ma hope iho o kēia, Ivan Andreevich hoʻoholo e komo i loko o ka puke o kona puke ( "Mail uhane"), i hele mai mai ka mahina mai o 1789 ewalu ka wa, "uhane Mail" mea i loko o ka palapala o ka palapala poʻe hoʻokalakupua-moʻolelo huapalapala - dwarfs a me nā kupua. Ka mea kākau i kekahi mau i ka caricature izobrazhnie kaiāulu i ia manawa. Soon, nae, o ka Magazine uhi ka censorship, wehewehe ana o ka puke i wale 80 nā mea kūʻai mai.

Mai 1790, Krylov haʻalele, laila ia i hoʻolaʻa aku ai i oia ia ia iho i ka palapala, ai ka hana. I keia manawa i ke Kawaihae Krylova I. A. ua pili loa intertwined me ke ola mau kuamoo i buddies mea kākau - A. Klushina, P. Plavilshchikov a me I. Dmitriev. Ivan Andreyevich holo i ka pai ahakanaka, a me ka hoa helu kuhi puke, e hoolaha i ke Magazine "Ka Spectator" (hope - "St. Petersburg Mercury"). I ka makahiki 1793, i ka Magazine i hope pani a me na eheu no kekahi mau makahiki haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale alii.

Ma ka hana o Prince Golitsyn

A hiki i 1797, Krylov ola ma Moscow, a laila, hoʻomaka e hele i ka aina, noho ma na hale a me nā mea koikoi o kona mau hoa. Fabulist Ua mau huli no kumu o ka makahiki, a no kekahi manawa i makemakeia ma ka kāleka lealea. Ma ke alanui, Krylov Ua ikeia me he loa holomua i poʻokela ma luna o ka verge o ka hoopunipuni.

Prince Sergey Fedorovich Golitsyn ike me Ivanom Andreevichem, i kaumaha aku ia ia i kona hale kumu a me ka kakauolelo. Krylov ola i loko o ka Haku i ka waiwai ma luna o ka mokuna o ka aina o Kiev, a ua hana i ka moʻokalaleo a me ka 'ōlelo a me nā keiki kāne a ke aristocrat. Here ka mea, kākau ka hana keaka no ka staging i ka hale keaka'ōnaehana, e like me mastering i ke akamai pāʻani ma luna o nā mea kani.

I ka 1801,, a pii aku i ka noho aliʻi, Alexander I, ka mea i nui ka wiwo ole ma ka Golitsyn, a hoolilo iho la ia Livonian Kiaaina-Nui. Krylov, ma ka huli, e haawi mai i ka wahi o ka oihana o ke kiaaina. A hiki i 1803 fabulist hana i loko o Riga, a laila, neʻe akula i kona hoahānau i loko o Serpukhov.

makakū nani

ʻike hoʻokumu a me Kawaihae Krylov e oi loa aku hoi hoihoi 'mai ia manawa. No, ma keia manawa, o ka mua'āpana o Krylov ( "Pie") Amelika Huipû i ka naau o ka hoolohe ana, a lawe loa-kali pomaikai nui i ka mea kākau. He nō e hoʻomau i kona 'oihana ka palapala, ai, a hoi aku la i St. Petersburg.

I ka 1805, Ivan A. hōʻikeʻike I. Dmitriev, loea haku mele, me kona mau mua unuhi a ma na olelo lapuwale. Ua i akaka i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loaʻa i kona oiaio oihana. Akā, Krylov, nae, paʻi wale ekolu ma na olelo lapuwale, a huli i ka hana keaka. O kekahi mau makahiki ua oi loa ka hua o keia e pili ana. Krylova ike a me ke aloha connoisseurs o moʻolelo keaka wale nō, a me ka hula "Fashion Shop" Ua hoike mai a hiki i ka pā hale.

Naʻe, i ka Krylov ua increasingly neʻe aku, mai ka hale kiaka, a vsroz hoihoi ma ka unuhi, a kākau i kona mau ma na olelo lapuwale. I ka 1809, eia kahi mea akaka ma ka shelves o kona ohi mua. Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu o nā huahana ulu, hua mai la i hou i hoiliili ole, a ma ka makahiki 1830, ua loaa mua 8 puke o Krylov ka ma na olelo lapuwale.

I ka 1811, Ivan A. lilo i lâlâ o ka Russian Academy, a heʻumikumamālua nā makahiki ma hope i loaa mai kona mekala gula no ka piʻi like ma ka moʻokalaleo. I ka makahiki 1841 Krylov i kauoha mai ai academician Oihana o Lūkini 'ōlelo a me ka moʻokalaleo. Mai ka 1812 o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ka manehu like me ka hale waihona puke ma ka imperial Public Library. Krylov i hookipa mai i ke hoomau no kona lawelawe ana ma ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo, a ma hope o vosmitomnika mai ma Rotehama I hoomahuahua i ka hoʻomaha palua a e koho i ka mea kākau moʻolelo moku'āina councilor.

Winter 1838 Petersburg me ka mahalo a me kaʻahaʻaina kākoʻo i ka hookahakaha o ka kanalima lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka makakū mea kākau. Ma keia manawa, Krylov i ua kau aku ma luna o ka par me na Classics o Lūkini moʻokalaleo - Pushkin, Derzhavin, Griboedov. Recent ma na olelo lapuwale o Ivan Andreevich ua unuhi 'ia i loko o oi aku mamua o 50' ōlelo a pau.

nā makahiki

I ka makahiki 1841 Krylov i hope a kikiʻo ma Vasilevsky Island, e noho me ka maluhia, no ka iho i kona makemake. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo i mau i ole averse i ka ai, a moe ma ka moe, no ka mea, o ka mea kekahi kapa aku la ia i ka pakela a me ka palaualelo.

Eia naʻe, hiki i nā lā hope Krylov hana ma luna o ka hou ohi o ka pepa (essay). He make 9 (21) Nowemapa 1844, i loko o St. Petersburg maʻeluaʻaoʻao pneumonia.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo

Aia nō kekahi mau hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo, mai ka Kawaihae o Krylov, i oi i olelo ia i loko o kēia 'atikala. No ka laʻana, kokoke loa fabulist i hilahila, a aole hala ka manawa no e lealea o 'ē aʻe hewa.

Once ia ia e hele ana ma ka embankment. Ka ike ana i ka papakaukau kii o ka ike ole ia elemakule kanaka, hoomaka ae la vacationing haumāna e akaaka ai, i ka i ana, "he mea i ke ao." E Nihi Ka Hele hala ia, Krylov pane malau akula: "... A o ka rana zakvakali".

Kekahi hana hoihoi 'hana' ia i hiki mai ai me Ivanom Andreevichem i loko o ka hale kiaka. Kona hoa ua loa walaʻau hehi i kona mau wawae i ka manawa ana i ke mele, a mele pu. Ka leo nui lawa Krylov mai la: "Disgraceful" hoa ke keʻa, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo noi ina mea a pau ia ia, ma ka eheu ironically mai la i olelo mai ia "e ke kumu i ke kahua, a ua ālai 'mai iaʻu, mai hoolohe ia oe [ka hoalauna]."

Hōʻike i ka hana 'ia mai ai i ka mea kākau o ka make ma hope. Ka uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka Krylov, helu Orlov, ka mua helu elua kanaka ma hope o ka Auguseto kino lawe i ka pahu fabulist me ka ano o nā haumāna, a hiki i ka hoʻolewa hale.