Ke alii mua i loko o Rusia - Ivan IV, inoa kapakapa "weliweli"

Ke alii mua i loko o Rusia i i hanauia ma Moscow, ma Kolomna. I ka manawa, Moscow ua liʻiliʻi, a me Rusia he uuku. Naʻe, ke keiki aliʻi Ua pono ia, a malama hoi i ke Akua. Kona noho 'ana kamaliʻi ua malie, a maikai i ole hiki mai ana. Kahu ekolu makahiki o ke alii - nā aliʻi hoahanau Shuiskys - hana i loko o ka hale aliʻi o ka noho alii ana o ka weliweli i kela po au i ke aloha aku nei au i ke Akua i ka mea, ua ola:ʻaʻoleʻapu kōheoheo, like me ka makuwahine,ʻaʻole i pepehi me ka kaikuaʻana, mai popoʻole ma ka halepaahao, e like koʻu makua kāne,ʻaʻole ke alahouana, hoʻomāinoino ' pehea ka nui he kokekau wale makua - Prince Vasily III.

E kū'ē i nā mea a pau paʻewa mua Tsar ma Rusia i ola! A ma kona makahiki 16, he unexpected lāʻau i nā pono kīvila o ka naita ua mare i ke aupuni! He oiaio, olelo na moʻolelo, ka mea, ua? Aaei akamai Kauhalenui Macarius. Akā, ka mea i pono ia i ka mea ike i ka aina nele i ka lima ikaika, e hooki aku i ka infighting, a me xi i ka ?? eoi? Ee. I ka lanakila o ka autocracy - he hookahakaha o ka Orthodox manaoio, Moscow - ka hakahaka o Constantinople. O ka holo ana, i ka manaʻo o kekahi Kauhalenui ahaaina mare ua kokoke loa, a akāka. Ke alii mua i loko o Rusia huli maiʻoiaʻiʻo: a me na boyars kaula kāohi, a mahuahua kona mokuna no na makahiki 50 o ka noho alii ana - pakeneka o nā panalāʻau e noho ana i ka Lūkini moku'āina hoʻokahi haneri i māhuahua, a me Rusia ua lilo oi ma mua o ka pau ana oʻEulopa.

aliʻi inoa

Royal inoa Ivan (i ka mea weliweli loa ia) hoʻohana brilliantly ku ma muli o kona kulana okoa nā kūlana hana maʻEulopa kālai'āina. Luna Nui inoa ua unuhi like "alii" a "he makualiʻi", a hiki i ke alii - o ka Emperor!

Ma hope iho o ka poni ana o ke alii i ka huakaʻi no mai ka makuahine ua loaʻa he nui pomaikai, kūpono ma ka uprising i hoike mai'ōpio John, ka mea maoli kulana home 'ole e pili ana i kona noho aliʻiʻana. Autocracy - mea hou, arduous, a me ka mea a Ivan e hoʻokele oi ma mua o holomua.

mihi

Au kahaha no ke kumu o ka mua ke aliʻi i loko o Rusia - John Ka ha? Ma hea i hana ai i kēia aka? A me ia mea, ua nui hope Karamzin kākau ihola i kona "History o ka Lūkini Mokuaina" a hoomaka ae la i ka countdown i Ivan Kalita. A i ka wā ola mua ke aliʻi i loko o Rusia, a ua kapaʻia - Ua mālama John I, palapala puka e hoike ana i ka noho aliʻi i loko o ka kūikawā gula ka hoʻoiho-pahu, a noho iho la ke alii mua i loko o Rusiaʻaneʻi ma luna o kēia noho aliʻi.

Ke alii ka hoomanao i ka centralization o ka moku'āina, lawe mai i loko o kua'āina, a labial nā mea hoʻololi iho me ka poe koa, i ka hou Code o Law a me ka Code o Service, i mālama 'o ka mua Ahaolelo o ka Land , a hoʻokumu i kekahi kānāwai Ka Hoʻopāpā i ke komoʻana o nā Iudaio poe kuai. Aia He He hou ke kapa ana o na mea kaua a me kaʻaeto, me Ivan Grozny - he mamo o ka Rurik. Aʻaʻole wale ia: ma kaʻaoʻao maternal o kona ololi hoonaaukiekie oe kūpuna - koʻu makuahine, koʻu kupuna wahine, aʻo koʻu mau - ka loa Sofya Paleolog, ka heiress o ka Byzantine i Emperor. Aia nō kekahi e e akamai, hoʻokano, paʻakikī-hana. A me kaʻino, hoi, i loko o hoʻokahi. Akā, o ka papa, i ia manawa, a hiki wale i loko o ka papa o ka hoomainoino hoi i mea hiki ole i ka loli 'i pono i kona mua ke aliʻi i loko o Rusia. Ka hou 'ana o ke kaua - he mau hua'ōlelo, a pehea ka nui o ka ia no ia! Ikeia oia 25000th koa strelets, i loaa wale i nā haumāna iā lākou i ke kaua, nā hāmare a me ka pahikaua, a me ka waimaka a pau, mai ka aina! Eia naʻe, haehaeʻia mai o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'i nā poʻe pana pua. Aia ua mea kaua helu ole e emi malalo o 2 tausani pū. Ivan ka mea weliweli a hiki i makau ole e hoʻololi i ka auhau o ka ohumu nui o ka Boyar Duma. O ka holo ana,ʻaʻole pono 'Lii, no kēia hana e pili ana i kaʻaihue o ko lakou mau pono. Ka mea, lulu iho la ia i ke aupuni mō'ī i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia mea, hoʻoikaika ihola i keʻano o ka oprichnina. Nā guardsmen i hana i ka poe koa o ka mai i 6 tausani kānaka,ʻaʻole helu aneane he tausani i hilinaʻi ai ma kūikawā paha.

Ma na aa koko i ke koko holo, e heluhelu e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana a me ka hooko ia mea administers me ka nalu o ka lima o ka mō'ī. Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō Ivan i ka mea weliweli loa ia, a hiki i keia la, moʻolelo manaoio i ka oprichnina mea ole accidental a me ka ole mai ka kūikawā. Boyars i ke kaula kāohi! Eia hou, e kolo ana, mai ke Komohana mai o ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo no laila, lulu iho la ia i nā kumu o ke Orthodox manaoio, i tottered a i ka noho aliʻi me ka noho ana ma luna o laila, a me ke aliʻi o nā mea a pau o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Kekahi henua pilina Hawaiʻi mai ka autocracy, a me ka clergy. Ma mua o mysticism manaoio alii hao hoailona aina, a malalo iho o repression clergy. Kauhalenui i papaia, e hele i loko o pāʻoihana a me ka zemshchina oprichnina. I ka mea ia manawa ke alii oprichnina Ivan ua'Abota, he nui monastic dute lawelawe, a hiki i ka papa hīmeni a hīmeni.

Novgorod a Kazan

Ma mua o ka mea hou makahiki 1570 oprichnina koa neʻe i loko o ke kai eʻe ma luna o Novgorod ma ka hoʻohuoiʻia o ka makemake, e lawe mai Rusia i ke Polish alii. Oh, i ka nani o na guardsmen, e hoolealea. O ke kahua looting luku ma Tver, Klin, Torzhok, a me ka i koe noa kulanakauhale, hope i luku ai i ka Pskov a me Novgorod. A ma Tver Malyuta Skuratov i umi wale ia Kauhalenui Philip o na mea pomaikai o ka hoole ana o keia koko kai eʻe. Mawaena o ke alii ma ke kumu luku i ka kūloko ano hanohano, a me na clerks, ua hiki ke olelo hoʻomāka, a me kā lākou mau wāhine, nā keiki a me ko ka hale ona. Kēia ka powa ana no ka makahiki a ka mea, hina iho la ia Rusia Crimean Khan Giray Divlet. A ma ka hōʻike, e wehe i ka'ōpio oprichnina kaua! Akā, ua wale i ka poʻe kaua o ke kaua mai. Guardsmen'ānaiʻia, palaualelo. Me ka Tartars - keia mea i na boyars a me kā lākou mau keiki e kaua. Ke kaua i nalowale.

A laila huhū mai Ivan! Glare neʻe i Kazan mai Novgorod. A laila, o ka nohoalii ana o ka mamo aliʻi Giray. Hoopau i ka mō'ī Oprichnina a hiki i papa i kona inoa, hooko aku la i na poe kipi a me nā pōāʻino, ekolu hele i Kazan. Ke kolu o ka manawa Kazan hookuu mai ai ia i manao, a ma hope o ka manawa i lilo ai i kekahi kulanakauhale kokoke Lūkini. No hoi, mai Moscow a hiki i Kazan ma ka honua a pau hoalaala ia pā kaua Lūkini. Ua ana ua hee a me ka Astrakhan Khanate, e pili ana i na aina Lūkini. Crimean Khan, hoi, ma ka hopena perepalo: pehea ka nui o kou hiki me impunity e hao Rusia, a puhi aku i kona nani kulanakauhale? I ka 1572, ua uhaʻiʻia ka 120,000th Crimean kaua 20000th Lūkini kaua.

I ka hua ma ka mau o ke kaua a me ka diplomacy

A laila, ma laila i me ka nui loa i kuʻiʻia, i nā Swedes koa Novgorod poʻe hao wale, a me ka manao he mea eʻoi aʻe ka malu e like ka nui me 40 makahiki. Eager mua ke alii i Rus Baltic kaua me Livonians, mauʻauamo, Lituania, kēlā wā i kēia wā i nui Novgorod wahi e pili ana, a no laila, hiki (i nui First ke alii i kekahi - Peter) i lanakila keia mau hoao ana. Akā, ma kahi e makaʻu mea,ʻaʻole he'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka. E like hookupaaia diplomacy a me ka piele me Enelani. A hoomaka ae la ke alii i ka manaʻo o ka Siberian Land, unexplored. Akā, makaala lakou. Ua pono, e Ermak Timofeevich me kona Cossacks e hoʻokele i eo ai i ka poe kaua o Khan Kuchum a ke alii i ka mea e hoʻi ai i ka'āina palekana Perm, Rusia pela uhukiia Siberia. A ma hope o ka hapalua o ka kenekulia o Russian hele mai i ka Moana Pākīpika.

kanaka

Ke alii mua i loko o Rusia i ole wale ke alii mua akā, i ka mua kanaka ma ka manao, erudition a me ka hoʻonaʻauao.

About ka hale waihona puke Ivana Groznogo nō mai i ka emi kaao. Theology mea, ua ike ma pundits. He waiho iho i ke kahua no ka jurisprudence. He ua i ka mea kākau o na mea he nui maikai stichera a me ka palapala (i ka haku mele!). Aʻu i kauoha aku i nā clergy e wehe ma ke kula, e ao aku i na keiki heluhelu, kākau. He i aponoia i ka polyphonic, e hoolea ana, a wehe ae la i ka mea o ka conservatory i loko o ka Alexander ana. He ua he maikai loa loio. A mīkini paʻi? A me St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo ma Red Square? I ka ninau i puka mai no ka canonization o Ivan. Akā, hoʻopoina i ka looting, hoʻomāinoino ', hooko, hilahila a me ka pepehi kanaka mea wale ka oprichnina, a me ka hahai ana o ka Orthodox clergy? Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ka oprichnina, e like me ia, ia mea,ʻaʻole ma, e somehow la ia mea. King mihi, ua hoʻokomoʻia nā kaula hao, hahau ihola iā ia iho. Nunui dala o ke dala hâʻawi wale i loko o ka hoomanao ana o ka ekalesia, a me ka uhane o ka poe i no ke ola o na ka makaia. He make Schemamonk.