Malicʻakika

Malicʻakika (haʻilula NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH) oksiyantarnaya, dibasic hydroxycarboxylic (huaʻakika). Ua ua poe ma ka colorless mea pōaka waiwai. Malicʻakika mea pono wailana i ka ethanol a me ka wai, poorly - i loko o Etera wale no.

I ka waiwai a pau i ka huikala, Anati-oxidant, Anati-hoʻoʻino, hydrating a me ka mehana astringent waiwai.

Mea Maluna NOOSSN2SN nāʻakika (OH) COOH

Ma lalo o maoli keia, he pono ole L-malicʻakika. Heheʻe wahi - hoʻokahi haneri degere. Loa wailana i loko o ka wai. Ke solubility o ethanol 68,3 g. Diethyl Etera - 1,9 nā huna no haneri nā huna o ka'ūheheʻe.

D-malicʻakika i ka mahele heheʻe i ka mahana o ka 130,8 degere. Solubility ma ethanol - 35,9 g., Diethyl Etera - 0,6 nā huna no haneri nā huna o ka'ūheheʻe.

He mau waiwai i insoluble ma ka benzene.

Malicʻakika haawi mai Nine Inch waiwai oxyacids. Kona paʻakai a me nā mea kemika haawiia i Malatya. I ka enaena i hoʻokahi haneri degere ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka huli ana o ka malicʻakika anhydride, he'ālike lactide. Over hooloihi ae i paio hahana maoli nō (mai i 140-150 degere) kōkua ai i nā hoʻopau o ka wai. E like me ka hopena, i ka huli ana o ka malicʻakika i fumaricʻakika, me ka kokololio paio hahana maoli nō i hiki i kekahi haneri a me kanawalu degere ua hana hou, a me ka maleic anhydride.

NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH ua manaoia kekahi o ka loa nui waena eiiiiiaiou o metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka noho ana meaola. Malicʻakika ua komo i loko o ka pūnao i loko o ka palapala o ka malate. Ua ua hana i loko o ka tricarboxylicʻakika kalapona, gluconeogenesis ma. Malate ma hope o enzymatic reactions hiki ke hoohuliia mai i loko o pyruvate, fumarate, oxaloacetate.

Hoomakaukau NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH ma ka ho'ēmiʻana o tartaricʻakika, hydrolysis o D, L- bromyantarnoyʻakika.

I hana NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH hoʻohana ma o ka hana o ka confectionery huahana a me ka hua wai. A ua hoʻohana 'ia malicʻakika ma winemaking. Pili waiwai me ka pH adjuster, a me ka flavoring hope paha.

Hoomakaukau malicʻakika (D, L) wā hoihoi oksaliluksusnoyʻakika NOOSSOSN2SOON Na amalgam a me kona hydrolysis (oksaliluksusnoyʻakika) o ola ester.

Na maoli ai 'ia waiwai i loaʻa i loko o ka huaʻakika. O pakahi aku la ia nā kaʻiliahi ohia, mauna lehu hua, gooseberries, rhubarb. Ma ka paka malicʻakika ua hookomoia ma ke ano o ke kalipuna paakai. Ka uuku dala no ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka waina. I maoli NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH ua hanaʻia ma muli o ke kāpili'okesaside kaʻina o nā pulapula o ke. No loko o ka nui dala malicʻakika hiki ke 'akomi i loko oʻiliahi waina (mai he umikumamakolu i umikumamalima nā huna no dm3). Ma oo ka hua helu NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH hoemi ai i mau a hiki i elima nā huna no dm3. Oia ka emi i loko o ka lehulehu no a hiki i ka mea i ka waiwai a ua 'Imi' ole i loko o naehana keʻano o ka hanaʻana. It E e kaulana ia i loko o nā hua waina mai ka akau wahi loaʻa nui malicʻakika ma mua o ka hua mai ka hema wahi. Contents NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH, ua hilinaʻi nui ma ka nana kūlana i ka makahiki, a ma keʻano o ka waina.

Ka wā kanakaʻona mau fermentation no ka mea o ka iwakalua-kumamalima pakeneka malicʻakika omoʻia hū. Iloko o ke kahua o ka waiʻona a me ka hou ana o carbon dioxide. Mea koʻohune fermentation i nā hualoaʻa ma ke kahua o ka kiʻekiʻe maemae succinicʻakika. Condensation NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH a me ka urea hoʻololi kemikala o ka waihona ipu uracil (RNA ke keʻena).

Ma lalo o ka aoao o lacticʻakika koʻohune e degrade malicʻakika i lacticʻakika. NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH e loli ai ka ho'āʻoʻana o ka waina. Ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o malicʻakika kumu no ka "uliuliʻakika" - he pahiʻaiʻana. Ma kēia hihia, e lawe mai liluwelo "ʻakika". kaʻina rula ua ma muli o ka hiki ana o ka hū, a lacticʻakika koʻohune omoʻia NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH.