Mea hiki ke hooheheeia uila conductivity like ia mea

No kekahi i kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau i, ma ka hoʻopā i ke pihi kuapo, ua hiki ke ike i ke ahi ma luna o ke kukui. Pinepine mākou e ole i manaʻo i i ka nānā 'ana i kēia mau hana ma luna o ka moʻo o physicalʻike manaʻo. Kekahi o ia mau loa hanaʻike manaʻo - ka pou conductivity o ke hooheheeia, a hoakaka i ke kahe ana o ka pilaʻikena.

I hoʻomaka me, paha, oe e hoʻoholo i ka mea a pau e pili ana. Penei, conductivity o ka hiki o ka waiwai e kekahi pila nuiʻikena. No hoi, kekahi mau mea i keia hiki i ka loli iki ana degere. E like me ke degere o ka uila conductivity i loko o ka waiwai e hookaawale conductors, semiconductors a me insulators.

Inā 'oe e nānā i ka manaʻikepili loaa mai ia e noiʻi no ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka uila papa, e lilo ia i ike i ka conductivity o ke hooheheeia o ka lani kiekie loa. Keia no hoi keʻae i ka kela la i keia hana, i ka wa a ka EYI o ka uilaʻikena hoʻohana metala kaula. I ke hooheheeia kuhikuhi hana conductors o ka pilaʻikena. A ua hiki ke loaʻa i ka wehewehe no kēia i loko o ka huina'ine pähola 'ana o ke hooheheeia.

E like me ka mea hope, o ka alakaʻi mele mea he mea pōaka puka olu oia i kona aka wahi noho ma nā'ātoma. Ka mea, ua nui loa anuanu, a i palapala hoopaa i ka pili kalapona nā'ātoma e like, nolaila, e noho kūpono kou i loko o ka mea pōaka puka olu oia. He aha hiki ke olelo mai no electrons, Aia ma luna o ka pā leho o nā'ātoma. Mau electrons ua noa i ka neʻe randomly, ho okumu i ka ai-kapaia "lolouila kinoea". 'Aneʻi i ka lolouila conductivity o ke hooheheeia, a me ka nānā' ana ma luna o kēia mau electrons.

Like hoike i ke ano o ka uila pono aie i ka electrons, ua hiki ke hoole i ka ike ana o ka German physicist Rikke, haawi aku la i ka 1901. He i mau ke keleawe a me kekahi Aluminum paukūʻolokaʻa me ka pono anaiia welau, i kekahi ma luna o kekahi, a hele ma iaʻikena. E like me ka manaʻo o ka experimenter ina ka pou conductivity o ke hooheheeia ua kena ae nā'ātoma, ka waiwai hoolilo makemake kānāwai. Eia naʻe, ma hope o hele uila pono no nā paukūʻolokaʻa, ka nuipa a ua ole hoʻololi.

Kēia hopena alakai ai i ka hopena i pou conductivity o ke hooheheeia ua kena ae la ia e kekahi (particles) hoʻomaopop 'ana i nā mea a pau conductors. Ma keia mau manamana e kupono i ka huina'ine, e wehe ae i ma keia manawa ua kāinoa mua. I ka wā e hiki mai, ua lilo kekahi mau ingenious ho okolohua, a me ka mea a pau hookupaa iho la ia i ka uilaʻikena ua kena ae la ma ka neʻeʻana mai o electrons.

I kulike ai me ke kālā no manaÿo o ke aniani puka olu oia i metala i loko o kona aka wahi ke aupuni 'Ion a me electrons e nee kŘpa a ka' elele i therebetween. Ua mea he nui helu o electrons, a hoomakaukau i kiʻekiʻe uila conductivity mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ma ke alo o ka liʻiliʻi ʻiaʻana ma ma ke alakaʻi mele welau o kēia mau noa electrons hoʻomaka eʻoni aʻe, i ke kumu no ka uilaʻikena.

Eia ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka conductivity mea ikaika ana wela e kaukaʻi. Penei, me ka mahuahua ana wela i ka conductivity o ke hooheheeia emi, a conversely, maoli he like wela emi, a hiki i ka kŰia o ka superconductivity. I ka Ia manawa ia e e hoomanao ia nae ka conductivity i nā mea a pau i eliiaʻi, kona waiwai no kela mea keia mea o lakou i kona iho. Best conductivity o ka loa hoʻomano hoʻohana i ka uila a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ke keleawe mai.

Penei, ka hoemiia lako e haawi i ka manaʻo o ia ho i ka uila conductivity o ke hooheheeia, wehewehe i ke ano o ka uila papa a me ka wehewehe mea, kena ae la ia. Haawi mai i ka hōʻike o ke aniani puka olu oia i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia a me kekahi mau kanawai o ka mawaho aʻe ma luna o conductivity.