Naita me kali o maoli kinoea. Helu waiwai o ke kinoea

Ma lalo o maoli kinoea maopopo i ka pau läÿau, kinoea i i hana i loko o ka'ōpū o ka honua, a laila anaerobic decomposition o ke aloha 'ona. He mea kekahi o ka mea nui nā minelala hao. Natural kinoea waiho i loko o ka'ōpū o ka Honua. O hiki e kanaka paha he mau huhui o ke kinoea chap i loko o ka aila kula, akā, hiki ke poe ma ke ano o ke kinoea hydrates, mea pōaka moku'āina.

hoʻopōʻino waiwai

Natural kinoea ua ike i aneane a pau i nā kānaka a pau o ke kino'āina, a hiki ma ke kula, aʻo keiki i nā rula o ke kinoea i loko o ka hale. Manawa, ma kona ano maoli kinoea Naita me ia - i uncommon. Akā, kaawale mai keia, eia he nui o ka olelo hooweliweli, mai ia pono i na mea maalea manaʻia maoli kinoea.

Natural kinoea meaʻawahia. ʻOiai ethane a me ka methane i nahesa niho i loko o konaʻoe i palapala, a me ka lewa o ka saturation o kekahi kanaka e 'ike suffocation ma muli o ka muli o ka oxygen. He mea pilikia loa oi loa aku hoi i ka po, i ka hiamoe.

Pahū Kaupalena maoli kinoea

I ka hui 'ana me ka ea ole, a he oiaio, ua kona ke keʻena - oxygen, ma kona ano maoli kinoea ke hana i kekahi flammable läÿau, detonating a hiki i ka Naita o ka nui ikaika a hiki i ka iki ke ahi kumu, e like me ka hunaahi a lapalapa ahi, mai ka pilina ihoiho, ihoiho. Inā ka nuipa o ke kinoea maoli, kŘpa a haʻahaʻa, a me ka mea hō'ā kaʻa mahana e ole e kiʻekiʻe, akā, me ka pahū ikaika hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka manaʻo koikoi o ka kūpono hui ana o ka mea kiekie oia ka puʻe lewa-kinoea haku mele 'ana, i ka nui mana ia explodes.

Eia naʻe, aneane kela kanaka keia kanaka ma ka liʻiliʻi koke i loko o kona olaʻalo me ke kinoea liu, 'akomi i ma kona ano oluolu, aʻaʻole hoʻi he Naita me ia hana. Ka mea i maoli kinoea hiki explode wale i ka wa a ka mea i ho'ākāka 'huliāmahi me ka oxygen. Aia i lalo a me ka hoaka o ka pahū kali.

Once loaʻa LEL maoli kinoea (methane ka 5%), a laila i ka lehulehu e lawa e hoʻomaka i ka'ā naoh, Naita me ke kānāwai. Hoemi i ka lehulehu, e hoʻopau i ka manawa kūpono o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa. Oi kiekie loa mark (15% methane) mea no hoi e hiki i ka hoʻomaka i ka'ā naoh, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka nele o ka lewa, a he oiaio, ua - ka oxygen.

Pahū Kaupalena kinoea maoli me ka hoʻoulu puʻe o ka läÿau,, a ina o ka hui kekahi i ka inert kinoea, no ka laʻana naikokene.

² до 12 кгс/см ² . Kinoea puʻe i loko o ka pipeline i ke e lauwili mai 0,05 kgf / knm ² i 12 kgf / knm ^2.

I ka likeʻole ma waena o ka Naita a me ka aa ana

'Oiai, ma mua kilohi ia mea i ka Naita me ia a me ka aa ana - he mau okoa mea, ma ka mea, i kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i like. Na wale likeʻole ma waena o ia - ia mea i ka nui o ka naoh. Iloko o ka Naita me ia i loko o ka lumi 'ole kekahi' ē aʻe lelo, wahi ka naoh ia lŘlŘ'āina koke. Ke detonation nalu hoʻopulapula i ka uku kekahi mau manawa ma luna ma mua o ka mämä holo o ke kani. Mai ka 900 a hiki i 3000 m / s.

No ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia methane i loko o ka wahi lulu kinoea pipeline - maoli kinoea, i ka nui o ka o oxygen koi' ia no ka mea hō'ā kaʻa, ka mea, o kekahi paha i ka mau rula.

I kā mākou ikaika ua loaʻa ma ka Naita me ia, ina o oxygen makana theoretically lawa no ka piha'ā. No hoi e noho a me nā rula: ke kinoea lehulehu e like me ka mea hō'ā kaʻa kali (haʻahaʻa kali luna, akā, ma lalo o ka lani kiekie loa) a me ke kumu o ke ahi i kēia manawa.

Ka mokulele hēkī o ke kinoea ole o oxygen impurities, a laila e oi aku i ka luna kali mea hō'ā kaʻa komo i ka lewa, e kuni i ka mea napoo lapalapa, ke'ā alo hoʻopulapula i ka mämä holo o ka 0,2-2,4 m / s ma maʻamau ka lewa puʻe.

mall o kinoea

Detonation waiwai hōʻike ma ka paraffin moʻo hydrocarbons mai methane e hexane. Hakakino 'ole a me ka hakakino kaumaha ka manao ana o kā lākou octane helu: detonation waiwai hāʻule me ka hōʻemiʻana hakakino kaumaha a me ka mahuahua o ka octane helu.

I ka haku mele 'ana o maoli kinoea kikowaena kekahi hydrocarbons. Ka mua hoʻokahi - methane (Nine Inch haʻilula Ch _4). Helu waiwai o ke kinoea e like penei: colorless, māmā ma mua o ke ea, aʻaʻohe ala. He loa flammable, akā nō nani palekana ma ka pūnaewele, ina maopopo Ua hoʻokō me ka maluhia. Ethane (C ₂ H ₆₎ Ua hoi colorless a me ka odorless, akā, iki kaumaha ia ma mua o ka ea. He flammable, akā, 'aʻole hoʻohana' ia e like me ka wahie.

Propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ - niho kinoea mea colorless a me ka odorless, hiki hoi liquefied ma ka haʻahaʻa puʻe. Ua pono keia mau hiʻona e leie aku oe, e ole wale maluhia lawe aku propane, akā, i distinguishes mea, mai ka läÿau, a me nā hydrocarbons.

Butane (C ₄ H _10): physical waiwai like i ka propane kinoea, nae, kona pa apŘ mea kiekie, a ma ke kaupaonaʻana butane palua kaumaha ia ma mua o ka ea.

kama'āina

Kalapona'okikene lua (CO ₂₎ Ua i kekahi hapa o ka mea maoli. Ke physical waiwai o ke kinoea ka ike, paha, na mea a pau, aole ia e honi, akā, i ke ano i huaʻaiʻana. Ua Ua komo i loko o ka moʻo o kinoea me ka mea uuku kaʻawahia a me ka mea kū hoʻokahi (koe nae helium) noncombustible kinoea haku o maoli.

Helium (He) - loa malamalama kinoea, ma hope o ka lua o ka hydrogen mea colorless a me ka odorless. He loa inert a me ka meaʻaʻole maʻamau hiki ke pane koke me kekahi waiwai i pili ole komo i loko o ka'ā kaʻina. Helium mea pakele, nontoxic, ma ke kiekie malihini, a me nā inert kinoea komo i ke kanaka a hiki i ka moku'āina o anesthesia.

Hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) - kinoea me ke kala a me ke ano ala o popopo hua. Ke kaumaha a me ka loaʻawahia, ka mea hiki i olfactory nā aʻalolo lōlō a hiki ma haʻahaʻa nā hoʻohui like. Ma waho pahū kali o maoli kinoea ka loa ka laula, mai ka 4.5% a 45%.

Similar kinoea

Aia he mau hou hydrocarbon ia ma ka noi o ka pili i maoli kinoea, akā, kona mau lala ka mea,ʻaʻole i komo. 'etolina (C ₂ H ₄₎ - like i loko o ka waiwai, e ethane, ai i ka maikaʻi a me ka ala i mea colorless kinoea. Ua ethane mea hiʻona he uuku nuʻa a me ka flammability.

Acetylene (C ₂ H ₂₎ - Colorless pahū kinoea. He mea nui flammable explodes, ina ua he ikaika contraction. Ma nānaina o keia acetylene noho pilikia e hoʻohana i ka maʻamau o ke ola, Ua holo nōhie ka ua hoʻohana no ka kuʻihao.

Ka hoʻohana a hydrocarbons

E like me ka wahie i wahi lulu kinoea nā mīkini home i hoʻohana methane.

Propane a me ka butane e hoʻohana i wahie no nā kaʻa (e laʻa me, hapalua) a ua kauoha liquefied propane me ka māmā.

Akā, ethane kākaʻikahi hoʻohana i wahie, kona papa kuhikuhiE manao i loko o ka hana - no ka makaukau o ka'etolina, a ua hua mai i loko o ke ao nei me ka nui mea, ma ka mea ia mea heʻiʻo maka nō nā no polyethylene.

Acetylene ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka pono o ka hana, e hiki ke loaʻa iā kiʻekiʻe ka mahana no ka kuʻihao, a okioki ke hooheheeia. No ka mea, Ua nui flammable, ka mea hiki ole ke ia me ka i wahie, a me ka papaa o ke kinoea pono o ka ikaika o kaʻaeʻana i nā kūlana.

ʻOiai hydrogen sulfide a me kaʻawahia i loko o uuku loa na mea ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka laau lapaau. Kēia no laila,-kapa hydrogen sulfide bato, kona hana ua ma muli o ka antiseptic waiwai o ka hydrogen sulphide.

O ka papa kuhikuhi pono keia mau mea waiwai o ka helium - kona haʻahaʻa nuʻa. Kēia inert kinoea hoʻohana ka wā e lele ana ma luna o balloons a me airships, lele ia e hoʻopiha balloons, mahalo i waena o nā kamaliʻi. Li nui o maoli kinoea hiki ole e. He ua i ho'āʻia, no lailaʻoe e hiki makau o ka wela ia ma ka ahi hamama ole. Hydrogen coterminous me helium i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina, loa ke puana, akā, ua flammable. Helium o ka mea wale nō kinoea me ka puaʻa hiwa ma lalo o kekahi ana.

Terms o ka i ana o ka kinoea i loko o ka hale

Kēlā me kēia kanaka i hoʻohana kinoea nā mīkini home, ua koiia e undergo palekana aʻo. Ka mua rula - e kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka serviceability o ka mea, ma ke kamepiula kaha i ka nanaina hookae kikoo, a, ina i hoakakaia no ka neʻe ikiʻana o ka'ā huahana ma ka mea hāpai mīkini. Ma hope huli aku i ke kinoea mea hāpai mīkini kiwikā Pono e e pani a pani i ka nohona kiwikā ma luna o ka pahu, ina he mea ia. Inā koke keʻakeʻa kinoea kokuaia, a kapa aku i ka kinoea wale mai ana pono koke ia troubleshooting.

Inā i loko o kekahi keʻena 'ole kekahi wahi kaawale i ke ala o ke kinoea, oe e koke ana i kekahi ano i ka hoʻohana hala kākou i loaʻa nā mīkini home, e hoʻokaʻakaʻa aʻeʻoe i ka puka makani a me ka puka no ka hoʻokomo ea, a laila haʻalele i ka pa, a kapa aku i ka pilikia lawelawe (kelepona 04).

Terms o ka i ana o ka kinoea i loko o ka hale mea nui e malama, no ka mea, ka mea iki malfunction ke alakai i ka disastrous hopena.