Mū Kākela: mōʻaukala, terminology. Life - he konane: zugzwang - ia mea he keu ways, i ka hopena

Nā lātike a Mū Kākela - ia o kekahi o ka loa hanohano kēia pāʻani. He paʻakikī, e imi i kekahi laekahi ke kanaka aole loa ia i loko o kona ola i ole neʻe ma kaʻeleʻele-a-keʻokeʻo papa kii, me ka manao i ingeniousʻoihana kaʻa. Akā loa mau kanaka 'ē aʻe ma mua o âlapa pôhili me, kama'āina me ka Mū Kākela terminology. Eia naʻe, i këia mau manaÿo i pinepine hoʻohana e wehewehe i nā hanana maoli o ka lehulehu ola. "Zugzwang" - o kekahi o kēia mau hua'ōlelo.

A wahi moʻolelo

Nā lātike a Mū Kākela - ia mea he kahiko nā pāʻani. Epekema a puni ke ao nei iʻaʻole i hiki i ka hoʻoholo 'ia e hōʻike. Ua Ua manaoio aku i nā lātike pâʻani 'o ia hoʻi i loko o kahiko Babulona. Mū Kākela ikea ka uuku hope - ma kahi o kekahi, a me ka hapa tausani makahiki aku nei i loko o India. I kēia lā, ua manaoia nā pāʻani e e 'imi naʻauao, a noho i ka nui wahi i loko o ka wa kaawale, o ka poe i makemake e aʻo pehea e manaʻo kekahi hoʻonohonoho kanaka. A me ka mahalo i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kamepiula a me ka akamai kaul, a he ākea kūkākūkā o kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā holo Internet hiki e paʻi me kaʻike kamepiula hoa paio mai'ō a'ō, aʻaʻole kali no ka hoaaloha, e hoakoakoa ia a puni i ka papaʻaina. Oe ke koho i kekahi i poʻokela 'o kona' ilikai, aʻaʻole e makau oukou ia zugzwang - ka mea, o ka mea wale koho hopena piliwaiwai ń.

Ka mea nui wale

Ke aʻo 'ana i kekahi hou kumuhana mau hoomaka me ka mea manaʻo i hoʻomākaukauʻia. I mea e e hiki ke kū kaʻawale hele mai me ka hoihoi 'ʻoihana kaʻa, e pono mua e kama'āina i nā wehewehena o nā tausani i hoʻokani mamua pu malu ana. A me keia hiki ole ke hana me ka ike ole o ka hua'ōlelo. Education i loko o kekahi pauku hoʻomaka me ka moʻolelo o ke ana o nā kiʻi i kapaia. Ke kanaka aʻo wehewehe i nā beginners e aliʻi wahine, a luna, a loshad- ia hewa inoa. i kapaʻia kēia mau kii like penei: alii wahine, rook, Bishop a me ka naita. Ka mua mau hai aku i ka waeʻano "kaumaha", i ka lua o ka - "mālamalama". Ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia ka mea pâʻani pôpeku ewalu pawns, elua elepani, lio a me ka waapa, hoʻokahi aliʻi wahine, a me ke alii. All apana e hele ana ma naʻano likeʻole. Pawns - nā horizontally a hoʻopapakū, elepani - diagonally, lio - ka palapala "G". Wāhine aliʻi a me nā aliʻi i oi lawe lima kii, no laila, hui pu iho la i ka styles o 'ē aʻe.

Papa a me notation o ka neʻe aku i

Chessboard ninoieo o 64 mika pāhoʻonui lua: hoʻokahi hapalua - keʻokeʻo, ka mea'ē aʻe -Black. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, he mau "keʻokeʻo" a me ka "ʻeleʻele" hao wale. Ka mana laina i hoʻokaʻawale ia ua kapaia demarcation. Omaka i ka Party, a me kona Debut - heʻano o gambits a me ka palekana. I ka lua a me ka loihi pae - ia middlegame. Ua welau a me ka make, he kauo, a me ka lanakila 'ana. Zugzwang - keia mea wale nō i palapala result. Inā kekahi i poʻokela 'aku i ka haawi manawa manao e pili ana i ka holo, oia mea he hope. Ma keia hihia, ua olelo aku i ka mea, ua i ka manawa pilikia.

Höʻike kēlā pâʻani pôpeku ua palapala ma luna o ke kupaianaha palapala. I kā lākou hōʻikeʻano e hoʻohana i hua h ÷ ailona kii (Cr, F, C, A, K), a Kû ke contours (palapala) a me verticals (huahelu). Castling kahakaha iho 'Aʻohe hualoaʻa.

Mū Kākela terminology

Na inoa o na mea he nui hihiu wahi, i hiki e hoʻohana i kahaki i nā hanana maoli o ka lehulehu ola. ʻO paakiki e loaʻa ka mea, aole ia i ike i ka mea o ka moena kekahi. Akä naÿe i ka Shah ma keia kulana home 'ole ia mea ole hou hiki e hoola i ke aliʻi, a me ka hope o ka manu i ka foregone ka hopena. Pat - ia nae puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka huki, no ka mea, kekahi o na âlapa pôhili me mai i i ka manawa kūpono e lawe mai i ka papa. Castling i Mū Kākela pili ana i ka hoomalu ana o ke alii, ia mea pōkole paha lōʻihi. Zugzwang - ia mea he kulana ma i ka ae neʻe aku kekahi i kekahi o na aoao elua, e worsen i ke kahua o ka holoholona hihiu no ka ia. Ke'ō - he kulana home 'ole ia ma lalo o kaua e pono mau hoa paio o ka apana.

zugzwang wahi

No ka mea manawa mua ua loaʻa i kēia manawa i loko o ka German Mū Kākela moʻokalaleo e pili ana i ka 19 kenekulia. His English mea like laha ana ma hope o ke ao nei champion Emanuel Lasker i ka 1905. Akā, uaʻikeʻia ka manaʻo zugzwang âlapa pôhili me lōʻihi ma mua o ka makahiki. I ka 1604 Alessandro Salvio, kekahi o na noiʻi mua o Mū Kākela, ka mea mua, e wehewehe i kēia moku'āina o ka mea. Oiai kekahi haumana hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma zugzwang i loko o ka Peresia hāʻina o nā haʻawina o ka shatranj e hai aku ana i ka 9th kenekulia AD.

Life - ka laua

Little kaikamahine a me nā keiki e like dolls a me ka liʻiliʻi koa. Me ia, ka mea nele i ka maoli ola kulana. E like me mākou mau makahiki, ua loaa ka hoao ana, akā, i ka pono no ka hōʻulu hanana ka mea,ʻaʻole eliminated. Nā lātike a Mū Kākela i pau - ka e nānā laʻana. Ka mea, ae 'oe e pakele mai maoli ke ola, a ma ka mea ia manawa, e hana lehulehu a me ka iaiyoe. Zugzwang ma Mū Kākela aʻo mai i kekahi manawa no ka maikaʻiʻaoʻao mea wale,ʻaʻole ma laila, no laila, e pono i ka hana a me ka ole prokrastinirovat, e kakali ana no ka ole-existent holomua. I kekahi manawa ia mea kōkua maikaʻi ia e ia e hele, e kali oe, a laila, lawe i ke kahua i loko o kā lākou mau lima. Shah - mea ole ka hopena, a me ka ways, e waiho hou ke kākoʻo 'ana. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - e pale aku i ka moena! Oiai ka manawa kūpono, e hoʻoikaika i ko lākou nā mākau, a pepehi hou i ka laua i ole, ua hōʻoki aku, no laila, a pau pii ia oe!