Nā kumu o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, na makahiki, hanana, nā hualoaʻa

Ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana ua ike ia ka nui hou 'ana o ka pili aupuni a me ka nohona nenoai o ka aina a me ka piha hoʻopau o ka piha aupuni mō'ī. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ka mea, mau ae la oi ma mua o kaʻumi makahiki (mai ka 1789 a hiki i 1799).

kumu

Farani o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia - ka mea, o ka aina a me ka piha aupuni mō'ī a me ka huina unsettled i loko o ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai poepoe. Ka mana i loko o kona aupuni hilinaʻi ma luna o ka oihana koa, a bureaucratic centralization. No ka mea, o ka lehulehu kanawai a me ka kua'āina kaua i loko o ka hope kenekulia, i nā luna i ka e compromises disadvantageous no ka iho (me ko na kauwa, i ka bourgeoisie, ke aeia no papa). Akā, e like me ka mea paha, na nā paʻi hua he increasingly i hauʻoli.

Ka nalu mua o ka kuee a haalele mai, kū aʻela a hiki i ka noho alii ana o Louis XV, a me kona piko i ka noho alii ana o Louis XVI hiki. I wahie no ke ahi i ninini philosophical a mau hana ana i mea aʻo (e like, Montesquieu e nema aku ana i ke aupuni, ae hea aku i ke alii i ka usurper, a me Rousseau Radel no na pono o na kanaka). Penei,'ōhumu mai me ka oʻo,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka haahaa strata o ka heluna kanaka, akā, i waena o ka hoʻonaʻauao lehulehu.

Ke'ī mai, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana:

• kakou a me stagnation o ka makeke ana;
• mōkākī i loko o ke ana'ōnaehana;
• palaho a me ke kuai ana o ka lehulehu oihana;
• incomprehensible nenoaiu o ka auhau;
• poorly mau hua'ōlelo kanawai;
• archaic nenoaiu o ka pono no kekahi mau papa;
• ka nele o ka hilinaʻi i loko o nā luna;
• i ka pono no nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka waiwai a me ka kālai'āina spheres.

hanana

Ka luna kumu no ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana noonoo wale ai ke kipi ana o ka aina. Akā, i ka loiloi mua impetus i ke kipi i ke kaua no ka kuokoa maʻAmelika ka wā o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia panalāʻau kipi. Kēia i ka hōʻailona no nā papa, e kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o nā pono kīvila, ku okoa ana a me ka like.

Ke kaua koi 'ia nunui hoolilo o ka waihona dala i paupauaho, hiki nele. Ua Ua hooholoia e mālama i ka Huiia-Nui, i mea e lawe mai kālā mihi. Akā, i ka mea i ka mea i manao ke alii, a me kona mau kuhikuhipuʻuone a i ole hiki mai ana. Ma ka hālāwai ma Versailles kolu o ka waiwai i ala ma kū'ē, a hai aku la lakou ia lakou iho i ka National Ahaolelo, koi i ka Palani Kumukanawai.

Mai ke kuanaʻike o kakaolelo, pono PalaniʻOiʻenehana (kona kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao e e nana pokole i ho'ākāka 'ia), hoomaka ae la me ka hoʻopio o ka Bastille - he hōʻailona o ke aupuni mō'ī - July 14, 1789.

A pau i nā hanana o umi makahiki hiki ke maheleia i mau māhele:

1. Ke kumukānāwai Kalikiano a (a 1792).
2. Girondist manawa (a Mei 1793).
3. Jacobean au (a 1794).
4. Thermidor au (a 1795).
5. Directoire au (a 1799).
6. Bryumersky coup (i ka pau ana o ke kipi, i loko o November 1799, He Hoikehonua hele mai i ka mana).

Nā kumu o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana i loko o kēiaʻumi makahiki, a i ole, ua hoʻonā, akā, na kanaka i ka manaolana no ka maikaʻi wā e hiki mai, a me ka Hoikehonua lilo i ko lakou "e pakele ai" a me ka maikaʻi luna.

mō'ī

Korol Lyudovik XVI Ua hoʻokahuli September 21, 1792, ma hope o kona hale alii, i hoopuniia ma kahi o ka iwakalua tausani kanaka o na kipi.

Together me kona ohana ia i paʻa i loko o ka luakini. Monarch hoopiiia o kumakaia i ka lāhui kanaka, a me ka moku'āina. Louis kipaku aku a pau loio ma ka hookolokolo ana, ma muli o ke Kumukanawai, mālama aku iā ia iho. Na olelo hooholo o ka lunakanawai he iwakalua-eha,ʻo ia i loaʻa hewa a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. January 21, 1793 i ka olelo i lawe i ai. Okatoba 16, 1793 i hana ia e kana wahine, Marie Antoinette.

ka hope o hooko o Louis XVI , kekahi mau aina, a me ka Palani monarchists ike i ke kakahiaka ke aliʻi o kana keikikane opiopio ka Mepiboseta Louis-Charles. Naʻe, ia ia i destined e pii i ka noho aliʻi. I ka makahiki o ka umi makahiki kahiko keiki make i loko o ka luakini, i ka wahi o kona paa. Formally, i ke kumu o ka make i helu tuberculosis.

Ke'ōlelo mai, no na keiki a pau e noho ana ua wale Maria Teresa, i ka hookuu ia mai ka hale paʻahao i ka makahiki 1793 ma ka uku no ka Palani poe pio o ke kaua. Ua hele wale aku no. Ma ka home, oia ua hiki i ka hoʻi wale nō i ka 1814.

hualoaʻa

Ka hopena o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, e like ana ka'opi o ka mea kahiko mea i hana. Ke aupuni Ua komo ke au hou me ke aupuni a me ka wā e hiki mai e holumua ai.

Eia naʻe, he nui moʻolelo hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i i ole kali oe i ke kumu o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana ia ka lōʻihi, a koko hou '. E like me ia Aleksisa Tokvilya, i kekahi mea i alakai i ka coup e hiki mai ka wale no manawa a me ka makemake ole i kena ae ai he nuiʻia.

ʻO kekahi hapa o ka mea kākau moʻolelo Nui ka mahalo 'o ka manaʻo nui o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana,' ana i kumumanaʻo ana, ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kona laʻana, Roma Amerika noa mai colonization.