Nine waiwai o ka waihona ipu

Kumu i eiiieaena hui ec mau papa kuhikuhiE mall eiiiiiaiou:

1. Gidroksogrupp (kekahi a oi). Nolaila, ma ke ala, a me ka inoa lua o kēia mau waiwai - "hydroxides".
2. Ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia'Ātoma a me ka'amoniuma ion (NH4 +).

Ke poʻo inoa Ka kumu kaulike mai ka hoʻohuiʻia nā inoa o kona eiiiiiaiou: e laʻa me, kalipuna hydroxide, cupric hydroxide, kala hydroxide, a pela aku ...

Ka mea wale nō koe nae i ka mau rula kumu ho okumu E e noonoo 'amoniuma hydroxide, ka wā gidroksogrupp ole hui i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a me ka'amoniuma cation (NH4 +). Kēia waiwai a ua hua mai i loko o ka hihia ma he mea noho male 'ana i loko o ka wai o ka ammonia.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka waiwai o nā kumu, ka mea e e kaulana koke i gidroksogrupp valence like i ka lōkāhi, niioaaonoaaiii, i ka helu ana o kēia mau pūʻulu ma ka lātoma e hilinaʻi ma ka valence noho kū'ē ke hooheheeia. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike i loko o keia hihia e hookauwa haʻilula 'ona e like me NaOH, Al (OH) 3, Ca (OH) 2.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ke kino ai ka waiwai o nā kumu, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana a pau o ia me ka hoʻokoe' - puaʻa hiwa i ka loa'ōniʻoniʻo. Ma ia mau hihia, kahi gidroksogrupp e pili ana me ka monovalent ke hooheheeia, ana i hanaʻia hooholo koke wailana kumu i loko o ka wai, i loko o nā mea a pau nā hihia i ke kūpono kumu naoh i loko o ka wai kokoke insoluble. O ka poe i hana wailana i loko o ka wai, ua kapaʻia alkalis. Ka mea, e chemically hoʻopōʻino waiwai corrosive i kaʻili a me ka mucous membranes. Ma waho monovalent ke hooheheeia, a me ka mekala 'åkilikai ano ai-kapaʻia kona'ākilikai-honua i eliiaʻi - no ka laʻana, e like me barium, strontium.

Nine waiwai insoluble kumu moe i loko o ka mea ana i kēia mau hui i kekahi walaʻauʻana a me amphoteric hydroxides. Ka hope o ia reacts me nāʻakika hoi me mekala 'åkilikai, a me ka hope versa, interacting me alkalis, nāʻakika hōʻike nō ia o nā hōʻailona. Waiwai insoluble kumu e hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia ma ka malamalama, a me ka kaumaha hana.

Nine waiwai kumu hoikea mai oia, i loko o kā lākou mau reactions me nāʻakika, paʻakai, nā kumu, a me nā hoailona i loko o kā lākou hana. Ma 'ana, i ka mekala' åkilikai ke hoʻoholo inā lākou kākoʻo pāʻoihana e hana no i kekahi anakahi. Ma keia hihia, ka mea, ua noticeably hoʻololi i kona ano: no ka laʻana, he litmus ho'āʻo o ke keʻokeʻo huli uliuli, a me ka phenolphthalein - raspberry.

Nine waiwai o nā kumu hōʻike 'ia ma kā lākou AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me nāʻakika, e alakai i reactions maikaʻi-ike neutralization. Ke o Mānoa, o ia ka naoh i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā'ātoma huiʻakika koena hana i ka paakai, a me ka gidroksogrupp a me hydrogen ion, ka wā hui, e hoohuliia mai i loko o ka wai. Ke neutralization naoh, ua kapaia keia naoh no ka mea, ma hope o ka mea, ka mea aole kona'ākilikai aole hoiʻakika.

Ano Nine Inch waiwai hoike waihona ipu a me kā lākou naoh me ka paʻakai. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka wailana paʻakai i loko o ka naoh e hele mai mekala 'åkilikai wale. Ke mall hiʻona o kēia mau waiwai alakai i ka mea i hou paakai, he hou, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO insoluble, kumu i loko o ka naoh.

Eia hoi, i ka Nine Inch waiwai o nā kumu ke aloha i hoike mai ai ia lakou iho iloko o ka thermal ia ma luna o ia mau mea - paio hahana maoli nō. Eia, e hali ana mai kekahi ia mea, ia mea e pono ke lawe i ka manaʻo i kokoke a pau kumu, koe mekala 'åkilikai, ka wā enaena hana naʻauao like lolelua. Ke uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ia aneane koke decomposes i loko o ka AYEIE'okesaside a me ka wai. Inā mākou e lawe i ka waihona ipu mea hiki ke hooheheeia e like me ke kala a me ka Hereme, me ka maʻamau aku ana ka mea hiki ole ke loaa, e like me ua olalo e decompose i mehana ea.