Nobel makana Winners Rusia, a me ka Soviet Union ma ke kālaikūlohea,? Aneia iainiiaaiea, a me ka moʻokalaleo

Nobel waiwai pio: i i hookoia makahiki ma Stockholm (Kuekene) a me Oslo (Norway). Ka mea, i manaoia ka loa 'ihiʻihi lahui hoʻolilo' ia '. Kauia lākou Alfred Nobel - ka Kuekene inventor, linguist, tycoon, humanist a me ka poe akeakamai. He hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka inventor o dynamite (i i Palapala Sila Nui i ka 1867), pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana kumu nui i loko o ka hanalima kūpono' ana o ko mākou Honua. Ma i houluuluia e Alfred Nobel berita i haiia mai i kona mau makauliʻi a pau nui i ka puu dala, me ka manao o ka a - ia nā kumu kāki waiwai pio: o ka poe e hoʻokele e lawe mai i ka nui pomaikai i ke kanaka.

Ka Nobel uku

Makana i hookoia keia la i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kemika, ke kālaikūlohea, lāʻau lapaʻau, moʻokalaleo. No hoi i hookoia ai ka maluhia uku.

Russian Nobel laureates no moʻokalaleo, ke kālaikūlohea a me ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai e e hōʻike i loko o kēia' atikala. Oe e loaa ka ike i ko lakou mau biographies, discoveries a me ka piʻi like.

Ke kumukuai Ua kiʻekiʻe Nobel uku. I ka makahiki 2010, kona nui ua ka hola $ 1.5 miliona.

Ka Nobel Foundation, ua hookumuia ia ma ka 1890.

Russian Nobel uku Laureates

Ko kakou aupuni hiki e haʻaheo o na inoa, e hoʻomaikaʻi aku iā ia i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kālaikūlohea, moʻokalaleo a me ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai. Nobel makana Winners Rusia, a me ka Soviet Union i loko o kēia mau mea e like penei:

• Bunin I. A. (moʻokalaleo) - 1933.
• Cherenkov P. A., Frank I. M. a Tamm I. E. (ke kālaikūlohea) - 1958.
• Pasternak BL (moʻokalaleo) - 1958.
• Landau L. D. (ke kālaikūlohea) - 1962.
• Basov N. G. a me Prohorov A. M. (ke kālaikūlohea) - 1964.
• Sholohov M. A. (Moʻolelo) - 1965.
• Solzhenitsyn AI (moʻokalaleo) - 1970.
• Kantorovich L. V. (? Aneia iainiiaaiea) - 1975.
• Kapitsa PL (ke kālaikūlohea) - 1978.
• Brodskiy I. A. (moʻokalaleo) - 1987.
• Alferov Zh I. (ke kālaikūlohea) -. 2000.
• Abrikosov A. A. a me Ginzburg, L. (ke kālaikūlohea) - 2003;
• Andre Geim a Novoselov Konstantin (ke kālaikūlohea) - 2010.

List hopefully e hoʻomau i loko o mahope makahiki. Nobel makana Winners Rusia, a me ka Soviet Union, na inoa o ka a mākou i ua'ōlelo ma luna, i hōʻike mai iā ia,ʻaʻole i hiki maopopo, akā, wale i ka wahi, e like me ke kālaikūlohea, moʻokalaleo a me ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai. Eia hou, ua hoailono aku la ko kakou aupuni i ka luna ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka physiology, kemika, a loaa elua hoʻolilo 'ia' ana ma ke ao nei. Akā, no lākou, mākou e'ōlelo kekahi manawa'ē aʻe hou.

Nobel laureates ma ke kālaikūlohea

He nui physicists o ko mākou'āina i i hookoia keia 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki. E hai mai oe ia makou nui e pili ana i kekahi o ia mau mea.

Tamm Igor Evgenevich

Tamm Igor Evgenevich (1895-1971) Ua hānau i loko o Vladivostok. He ua i ke keiki a ke Kivila lunaʻenehana. Iloko o ka makahiki, au i loko o Kekokia ma ke Kulanui o Edinburgh, akā, laila, hoi aku la i ka hale, a puka 'o ia i ka 1918, mai ka'āuna kumu o ke kālaikūlohea. Wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema hele aku la i ke alo i loko o ka First World War, kahi āna i mālama ai i ke kaikaina o ke aloha. I ka makahiki 1933 kokua aku la oia i kona doctoral ia hoʻi, a me ka makahiki ma hope, i ka makahiki 1934, lilo iho la ke kanaka noiʻi ma ka Institute o ke kālaikūlohea. Lebedev. Kēia nä känaka 'epekema i hana i loko o nā kula o ka' epekema, a i ua uuku? Anoee. No laila,ʻo ia aʻo relativistic ( 'o ia hoʻi, pili me ke kumumanaʻo kaulana o relativity, i kohoia Albertom Eynshteynom) quantum mechanics a me ka pähola' ana o ka'ātoma nucleus. I kona hopena o 30s e hoʻokele pu me I. M. Frankom e wehewehe i ka hopena o Cherenkov-Vavilov - uliuli loli glow e ia lŘlŘ ma lalo o ka aoao o ka gamma pāhawewe. Ua mea no kēia mau haʻawina ka mea, ma hope loaa i ka Nobel uku. Akā, me ka Tamm kona papa e piʻi like ma ka 'epekema noʻonoʻo hana ma ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o haʻahaʻa (particles) a me'ātoma nuclei.

Landau Lev Davidovich

Landau Lev Davidovich (1908-1968) Ua hānauʻia ma ka Baku. Kona makua kāne hana me kaʻaila kā lunaʻenehana. I ka makahiki o ka umikumamakolu makahiki, i ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema puka' o ia mai ke kulanui me ka hanohano, a me maʻumikumamāiwa, i ka makahiki 1927,ʻo ia puka 'o ia mai Leningrad University. Lev Davidovich hoomau i kona hoʻonaʻauao ma kahi e aku me kekahi o ka loa loea puka haumāna i loko o ka palapala Commissar. Here ia i komo i loko o seminā lawelawe 'ia e alakaiʻEulopa physicists - Paul Dirac a me Max Born. Landau i hoi mai i ka hale ae hoomau ana i kona haʻawina. I ka 26 makahiki, ka mea, ua pili i ka degere o Kauka o Science, a me ka makahiki ma hope i lilo i Kumu. Together me Lifshitsem Evgeniem Mihaylovichem, kekahi o kana mau haumana, i mai nui i ka papa no ka puka a me nā haumāna lae pua ma kaʻimi naʻauao ke kālaikūlohea. P. L. Kapitsa kono Lva Davidovicha e hana i loko o kona mau kula,, akā, he mau mahina ma hope o ka nä känaka 'epekema ma 1937 ma ka denunciation wahahee hopu. No ka makahiki a pau, aole ana manaolana o ke hoʻopakele i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a me ka mea wale olua i Stalin Kapitsa hoʻopakele i ka ola o kona ola: Landau i hookuu ia.

Ke tālena o ke nä känaka 'epekema ua multifaceted. He wehewehe i ka kŰia o ka fluidity o ka wai a helium,ʻo ia i hana i ka kumumanaʻo o quantum ke kinowai, a aʻo oscillations o ka huina'ine wai koko.

Prohorov Aleksandr Mihaylovich

Prohorov Aleksandr Mihaylovich a me Basov Nikolay Gennadevich, Russian Nobel lua Winners ma na sciences o ke kālaikūlohea, loaa mai i kēia 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki no ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke kukuna.

Prokhorov i hanau ma ka Australia i ka 1916, kahi a kona mau makua i noho mai 1911. Ka mea, Ua a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia Siberia ma ka tsarist aupuni, a laila, holo akula i waho. I ka 1923, i ka ohana hoi a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema ma ka Soviet Union. Alexander puka 'o ia me ka hanohano, mai ka' Oihana ke kālaikūlohea o Leningrad University, a hana mai 1939 i loko o ka Institute. Lebedev. Konaʻepekema e piʻi like e pili ana i ka Radio ke kālaikūlohea. Ke nä känaka 'epekema ua laweʻia aku i ka makahiki 1950 a me ka Radio-alapine (frequency) spectroscopy i loko o ka huipūʻana me Basovym Nikolaem Gennadevichem hoʻomohala i ka ai-kapaia masers - hakakino oscillators. Mahalo i keia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, ua loaʻa i ke ala e hana i kekahi kia Radio eʻe. Oia haʻawina, nānā 'ole o ko lākou Soviet nā hoapili mālama' ia a me Charlz Tauns, he physicist Amelika, no laila, kōmike lālā hoʻoholo ihola e kaʻana i kēia ia nā kumu kāki ma waena ona, a me ka Sovietʻepekema.

Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich

Ka papa hele ma "Russian Nobel laureates i loko o ke kālaikūlohea". Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich (1894-1984) hanau ma Kronstadt. Kona makua kāne i kekahi oihana koa kanaka, Lutanela-Nui, a me kona makuwahine - ÿauhau o nā loina a me kaulana kumu. PL Kapitsa i ka 1918 puka 'o ia mai ka Institute ma St. Petersburg, kahi āna i aʻo ma lalo o Ioffe Abrama Fedorovicha, he poʻokela physicist. Ma ka pōʻaiapili o ke kanawai a me ka kaua kipi ia he mea hiki ole i ka hana 'epekema. wahine a me elua o kona mau keiki Kapitsa i ka make ma ka typhus laha. Ke nä känaka 'epekema neʻe iʻEnelani i ka 1921. Here ia i hana i loko o ke kaulana Kamepelika University Center a me kona 'epekema aʻoaʻo ua Ernest Rutherford, ka physicist kaulana. I ka 1923, Peter Leonidovich lilo i kauka o sciences, a me nā makahiki ma hope - he l & acirclâ 'o Trinity College - aeia no hui o nā kānakaʻepekema.

Pyotr Leonidovich hanaʻano nui ma ka mana ke kālaikūlohea. Maopopo pili cryogenics. No no kona mau haʻawina i loko o ka UK me ke kōkua o ke Rutherford keʻena hoʻokolohua i kūkulu, a me ka makahiki 1934, i ke nä känaka 'epekema ua hana i ka mea hoʻonoho no ka liquefaction o helium. Petr Leonidovich i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ua pinepine ma ka hale, a kipa i ka Soviet alakaʻi ma e koi aku i nä känaka 'epekema e noho. I nā makahiki 1930-1934, a hiki pela kukulu keʻena hoʻokolohua ma ka aina no ka ia. Ma ka hopena ka mea pono i i hookuu, mai ke Soviet Union iloko o ka aʻe kipa '. No ia mea, Kapitsa hoomau i kona haʻawina muaʻaneʻi, a me ka mea, ua hiki i ka 1938, e wehe i ka kŰia o ka superfluidity. No kēia i loko o ka makahiki 1978 i hookoiaʻo ia i ka Nobel uku.

Andre Geim a Novoselov Konstantin

Andre Geim a me Novoselov Konstantin, Russian Nobel makana Winners i loko o ke kālaikūlohea, loaa keia honorary ia nā kumu kāki i 2010 no kona loaʻa o ka graphene. He He hou mea e leie aku oe, e hoonui loa aku au i ka mämä holo o ka punaewele hana. E like me ka mea huli mai, ka mea hiki ke hoʻopio, a hoohuli mai i ka uila ikehu i ka nui o ka malamalama 20 mau manawa hou ma mua o kekahi mua i ike ia mea. Kēia Kaka ua hana ia 2004. A ka mea i ai kainuʻu pū i ka papa inoa o "Russian Nobel laureates o ka 21st kenekulia."

Uku no ka me Moʻolelo

Ko makou aupuni ua mau Ua kaulana no kona noʻeauʻike hoʻokumu. People a me kekahi manawa, kue i ka manaʻo nui, a ike ia - Russian Nobel laureates ma moʻokalaleo. No laila, A. I. Solzhenitsyn a me I. A. Bunin i kū'ē i ka Soviet? Eia. Akā, M. A. Sholohov Ua ikeia me he staunch Communist. Eia naʻe, ua hui pu ia e kekahi a pau Winners o ka Nobel uku Rusia - tālena. No ka ona, ua hoʻohanohano ka mea, i keia 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki. "Pehea nui Nobel makana Winners no ka moʻokalaleo ma Rusia?" - oe e noi mai. Pane: aia no elime wale. Ano, ke hoʻolauna 'oe i kekahi o ia mau mea.

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich (1890-1960) Ua hanau ia ma Moscow i loko o ka ohana o Leonida Osipovicha Pasternaka, he artist kaulana. Mother o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo Rosalia Isidorovna, ua he loea pianist. Paha keia mea ke kumu Boris Leonidovich me he keiki ka moe ana o ka haku mele i ka 'oihana,ʻo ia i aʻo mele ma ka loa Skryabina A. N. Akā, i ke aloha o ke poetry eo. Boris Leonidovich kaulana lawe mai poetry, a me ka puke "Kauka Zhivago", hoolilo ai i ka hopena o ka Lūkini intelligentsia, i hoohewa ae la ia ia i ka ordeal. Ka mea i ka me ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka palapala, ai 'Magazine, a ka mea kākau i kaumaha aku i kāna puke, ua noʻonoʻo Anati-Soviet i ka hana, a hoole mai i ka hoolaha ia. A laila, Boris Leonidovich i kona hanaia'na kahi'ē, ma Italy, kahi ia i paʻiʻia ma ka 1957. Soviet nā hoapili mea o ka puke o ka puke ma ka West roundly hoohewa ole, a ua kipaku Boris Leonidovich, mai ka mea kākau 'Union. Akā, i kēia puke i aku la ia ia i Nobel waiwai e uwa maila. Mai 1946, ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me ka haku mele koho no keia ia nā kumu kāki, akā, i hookoia ia wale nō i loko o 1958.

ʻO ia nā kumu kāki no keia 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki i keia, e like me na mea he nui, i ka huina hoonui o Anati-Soviet'āina i outraged Aupuni. E like me ka hopena, BL hooweliweli me expulsion, mai ka Soviet Union i haʻakoi e hōʻalo mai o ka loaa ana i ka Nobel uku. Wale ma hope o 30 makahiki Evgeny, ke keiki a ka mea kākau moʻolelo nui, me kona makua kāne i loaa i ka mekala, a me ka palapala puka.

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich

I ka hopena o Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha i ole emi hana keaka a me ka hana hoihoi. He Ua hanau ia ma 1918 ma Kislovodsk, a me ka wā kamaliʻi a me i kakahiaka nui makahiki o ka wā e hiki mai Nobel laureate mālama 'ia i loko o Rostov-ma-Don a me Novocherkassk. Ma hope o ua noho mai i ke kumu kula o ke kālaikūlohea a Balanced ma Rostov University Aleksandr Isaevich i ke kumu, a ma ka mea ia manawa, ma ka absentia i hoʻonaʻauao ma Moscow, ma ka palapala, ai 'Institute. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Great Patriotic War, i ka wā e hiki mai e uwa o ka loa' ihiʻihi maluhia makana hele aku la i ke alo.

Solzhenitsyn, koke ma mua o ka kaua, i hopu. Ke kumu no ia i kona noʻonoʻo loi o Iosifa Stalina helu kuhi henua i loaʻa i loko o ka palapala o ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ke koa censorship. Wale i ka 1953, ma hope o ka make ana o Iosifa Vissarionovicha, la oia i hookuu ia. Ka Magazine "New World" i ka 1962 paʻi i ka puke mua ma keia mea kākau ke "One lā Ivana Denisovicha", a wehewehe e pili ana i ke ola ana o kanaka i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai. Palapala, ai 'Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke loa o na kēia mau hana o Solzhenitsyn Print hoole. Ke kumu, e kapa aku ia lakou Anati-Soviet kohoʻia. Akā, Aleksandr Isaevich i i haawi mai. He, e like Pasternak hoouna akula i kona mau moʻolelo i kākau lima, kahi a lakou i paʻiʻia. I ka 1970, i kumu kāki iā ia i ka Nobel makana ma Moʻolelo. Ma ka ia nā kumu kākiʻana i loko o Stockholm mea kākau,ʻaʻole au i hele, no ka mea, ka mea, i ole ae i ka Soviet Aupuni, e haʻalele i ke aupuni. Ma ka Soviet Union i ole ae, a me ka poeikohoia o ka Nobel Komite, ua hele i ka haawi aku i ka makana e uwa maila i loko o kona'āina.

Me ka pili ana i ka hopena o ka mea kākau, i ka 1974, oia i deported mai o ka aina. Ma mua, ua noho ia ma Kuikilana, laila, neʻe akula a hiki i ka US kahi ona e waiho ana, a haawi aku la loa lohi Nobel uku. Ma ke West, ka mea i paʻiʻia kona mau hana i ikeia e like me "pae'āina Gulag" "ka hua'ōlelo mua," "Cancer Ward." Solzhenitsyn i ka 1994, ua hoi aku ia Rusia.

Mau mea i ka Nobel laureates Rusia. List complemented ma kekahi inoa, i hiki ole ole i ka hōʻike.

Sholohov Mihail Aleksandrovich

E hai aku mākou oe e pili ana i kekahi o ka Great Patriotic mea kākau - Sholohove Mihaile Aleksandroviche. Kona hoʻopaʻi, uaʻokoʻa ma mua o ka hoa paio o ka Soviet? Eia (Pasternak a me Solzhenitsyn), no ka mea, kākoʻo i ka moku'āina. Mikhail Alexandrovich (1905-1980) Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka Don. He hōʻike laila Veshenskaia, me kona uuku'āina, i loko o na hana. Mikhail Sholokhov wale 4 kula pau. He i kaʻeleu loa i loko o ka kivila ke kaua i alakai aku e koho i na hua liilii surpluses mai ka waiwai Cossacks suborder. I ka wā e hiki mai mea kākau i mua i loko o kona wa opiopio e hähä i kona oihana. I ka 1922, ua hiki i Moscow, a he mau mahina ma hope, hoomaka ae la e hoolaha ma Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke a me nā nupepa lākou mua moʻolelo. I ka 1926, ua hoiliili ole o "azure hehi" a me ka "Don moʻolelo". I ka makahiki 1925, hoomaka iho la ia hana ma luna o ka puke "a he maluhia kahe ka Don", hoolaa ai i ke ola o ka Cossacks i loko o ka pilikia au (Kanawai War,ʻOiʻenehana, World War I). I ka 1928 ka mea, i hele mai i ka malamalama i ka mua hapa o keia hana, a ma na 30s ia i pau, a lilo iho la ia i ka luna makakū Sholokhov. I ka 1965, ka mea kākau moʻolelo i hookoia ka Nobel makana ma Moʻolelo.

Russian Nobel laureates ma ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai

Ko kakou aupuni i loko o kēia kahua hoao e e ole ai nui i ka moʻokalaleo a me ke kālaikūlohea, ma laila nō i ka hailona o Lūkini laureates. Makana i? Aneia iainiiaaiea ua no wale pono kekahi o ko mākou compatriot. E hai mai hou no ia.

Kantorovich Leonid Vitalevich

Russian Nobel laureates ma ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai i na poe e hoʻokahi wale nō inoa. Kantorovich Leonid Vitalevich (1912-1986) o ka wale economist o Rusia, e e kumu kāki keia uku. He hanau nä känaka 'epekema ma ka kauka o ka ohana ma St. Petersburg. Kona mau mākua i ke kaua kivila, holo aku la a hiki i Belarus, kahi ana i hoolilo i ka makahiki. Vitaly Kantorowicz, Kantorovich ka makua kāne make i loko o 1922. I ka 1926, i ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema komo i ka hua Leningrad University, kahi āna i aʻo, ma ka hou ana i na sciences maoli, Contemporary mōʻaukala, hoʻokele waiwai kālai'āina, makemakika. 'āuna kumu o Balanced a me kona puka 'o ia ma makahiki 18 o ka makahiki, i ka 1930. Ma hope iho o ia Kantorovich koe ma ke kulanui me ke kumu. Ma 22, Leonid V. i ke Kumu, a me ka makahiki ma hope - a me ke kauka. I ka 1938, ua hoonohoia i ke Keʻena Point plywood hola, ma kahi o ka hana o ka e pili ana i kekahi mau puke e auaaeaiea papa hana e hoʻonui loa i ka hana ana i o ke kahua ma mua o ka ona. Pela ka mea, ua hookumuia oia i ka ninini ano o ka iaaiey. I ka makahiki 1960 hoʻoneʻe i ke nä känaka 'epekema i Novosibirsk, kahi i ia manawa i hana i ke kamepiula oaio, ka mea nui i loko o ke aupuni. Here oia i hoomau i kona haʻawina. Ma Novosibirsk i noho ai nä känaka 'epekema a hiki i ka makahiki 1971. I loko o kēia wā, ua hookoia i ka Lenin uku. I ka 1975, ua hookoia, pu me T. Koopmans Nobel uku, i loaa ia ia no kona mau haʻawina a hiki i ka pähola 'ana o nā kumu waiwai i auaaeaiea.

Mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE Russian Nobel laureates. 2014 Ua kaha maha e loaa keia makana Patrick Modiano (moʻokalaleo), Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura (ke kālaikūlohea). Zhan Tirol loaa hiki ke hoʻolilo 'ia ma ke kahua o ka' aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai. I waena o lākou ma laila i Russian Nobel laureates. 2013 i lawe mai i kēia 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki no mākou compatriots. All Winners he 'elele o ka' ē aʻe Hawaii.