Russian Empress Ana I. nā makahiki o ke Aupuni, wahi lulu, a kuwaho nā mea hoʻololi

I loko nō o ka mea i nui nui kńnaka hoole i ke kūlana o ka manawa ma ka mōʻaukala, ka mea hiki ole ke hoole ia Ana I pii i ka noho aliʻi Lūkini pili kēia ma ka ulia. Na rula ia mea lōʻihi - he uuku oi aku i na makahiki elua. Aka hoi, me keia hana he pōkole wā o ka noho aliʻiʻana,ʻo ia i noho ma ka mōʻaukala me ka empress mua.

Of washerwomen ma Empress

March Skavronskaya, a e lilo koke no i ikeia ma ke ao nei e like me Empress Ana 1, Ua hānauʻia ma luna o ka mokuna o ko kēia lā ka Lithuania, ma ka aina o Livonia, i ka 1684. Pololei 'ike e pili ana i kona wā kamaliʻi ma laila. I mau, i ka wā e hiki mai Ana 1, nona ka Kawaihae meaʻano kekahi henua a me kekahi manawa contradictory, e like me kekahi mana, i hānauʻia i loko o ka kua'āina ohana. Iho la na makua koke make o ka ino, a ua hoouna aku la i ka hale o ke kahu o ke kaikamahine me he kaikamahine. E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, Marta ola ana he umikumamalua makahiki a me kona makuahine, a laila,ʻikeʻia i loko o ka ohana o ka kūloko kahuna, a ua i loko o ka hana, a aʻo i ka heluhelu a me ka mea humuhumu lopi ano. ʻepekema mea nō arguing e pili ana i kahi o ka wā e hiki mai Ekaterina 1 Ua hanau.

Kawaihae

A ua nō,ʻaʻole i hoʻokumuʻia Lūkini moʻolelo i ke kumu o ka mua Lūkini empress, a me ka la a me ka wahi o kona hanau ana. More a emi kūlike loa i loko o ka historiography hookupaa mana, ka hooiaio ana ia i ke kaikamahine o ka Baltic kua'āina Samuila Skavronskogo. I ka Hui manaoio bapetizo kaikamahine i na makua, e haawi ana ia i ka inoa o Martin. E like me kekahi hoike, ua ho'ālaʻia i loko o Marienburgskom hokele kaʻahele, ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ko Desha noho Gluck.

Future Ana I ua, aole he haumana maikai. Akā, e hai aku ia ia ua me ka mea ia e kahaha alapine (frequency) loli aʻe Hekikai no AiON Hekikai. Aia mea i 'ike i Marta Hapai ma i kekahi Keonimana, hanau mai la he kaikamahine. Kahu hipa e hoʻokele e mare me ia, akā, ke kane, ka mea i he Kuekene dragoon, koke nalowale me ka kumumea oiai ka Hawaiian War.

Ma hope iho o ka hopu ana o Marienburg Russian March, e lilo ana i ka "waiwai pio o ke kaua", oiai o ka haku wahine o ka non-Komikina'Āina luna, a me ka hope, ma August 1702 o ka mua, ua i loko o ka convoy o Field Ilamuku Boris Sheremetev. He kikokiko ia, i ai i kona poe e hono ana i wahine - He Aloha Kauai, hope laila 'o ia A. Menshikov. Kēia mea ma kona loaa i ka maka o Petero I.

Biographers Russian aliʻi ohana e no o ka naau i ka mea hiki ke hoʻopio i ke alii. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, nani Martha ua. Naʻe, ka mea koke lilo iho la kekahi o kona mau mistresses.

1 aku la o Petero a me Ana 1

Ma 1704th i loko o March, e like me Orthodox kauoha, aʻu i bapetizoia ma lalo o ka inoa o Ana I. Ma ka manawa ana i ua hapai. Future Empress bapetizoia Tsarevich Alexei. Wai ua hiki ke hoopuni ke hakuloli i nāʻano o nā kumu, Ana, aole lilo kona alo aku o ka manaʻo. Ua aʻo maikai ano a me nāʻano o Petero, i pono ai me ka olioli no ka ona, a ma ka mauna. Ma March 1705 i ka lua i ka mea, na keikikane elua. Naʻe, i ka wā e hiki mai Ana I keia manawa hoomau, e noho i loko o ka hale Menshikov ma St. Petersburg. I 1705th Ua laweia mai i loko o ka hale o ke aliʻi, a ke kaikuwahine Natalia Alekseevna i ka wā e hiki mai Empress. Here illiterate Kauai e hoomaka ana e aʻo i ka heluhelu, a kākau. E like me kekahi hoike, i keia manawa i ka wā e hiki mai Ana I hoʻopaʻa pipi 'i kekahi i lawa kokoke pilina me Menshikov.

Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka pilina me ke alii lilo loa pili. Kēia Ua e hoikeike ai ma kā lākou palapala i ka 1708. Petero, ua nui loa mistresses. He hiki ana no ia me Ana, akā,ʻo kāna hana, e hoʻowahāwahāʻia ai kāna mea i hana ole, imi i ke hakuloli i ke alii ka mau manao wale, a waiho mai me kona mau outbursts o ka inaina i kekahi hapa o. Ua ua mau kokoke i kona epileptic kāʻili 'ana, kaʻana like me ia a pau nā hihia o kahi e hoʻomoana ai i ke ola a me ka mālie huli i loko o maoli wahine o ka mō'ī. A oiai pololei komo i loko o ka pāʻoihana o na mea he nui nīnūnē pili aupuni no ka wā e hiki mai Ana I ho'āʻo, akā, ke alii, ua he ole nui ma luna o.

Mai ka 1709-ko mea, ua wahi pu ia Petero, a me nā mea a pau huakaʻi. Iloko o ka Prut kai eʻe o 1711, ka wā Lūkini poʻe hao wale i hoopuniia, e hoʻopakele,ʻaʻole wale nō ia i kona wā e hiki mai kane, akā, i ka poʻe kaua, e haawi ana i ka Turkish vizier a pau kona Jewelry, e koi aku ia ia e kakau i kekahi truce.

mare

Ma kona hoʻi a hiki i ke kapikala, i ka iwakālua o Feberuari 1712, o Petero a me Ana 1 1 mare. Ua hanau ma ka manawa Anna lākou mau kaikamahine, ka mea ma hope lilo i ka wahine o ke Duke o Holstein, a me Elisabeta - i ka wā e hiki mai Empress, i ka makahiki o ka ekolu a me ka elima makahiki, ma ka ahaaina mare officiated ma ke kuahu, e hele pū ana wāhine. Ka ahaaina mare i wahi kokoke malu ma ka liʻiliʻi Chapel, i pili i Prince Menshikov.

Mai ia manawa aʻu i kuai Ana iwilei. Ua hoomaka ae la eʻae haole i nāʻelele, a hui me Europa mō'ī o ke aupuni he nui loa. E like me ka wahine o ke reformer alii, Ekaterina Velikaya - 1st Lūkini Empress - ma ka ikaika o ko lakou manaoio a me ka ahonui mea i emi iki mahope o ke kana kane. I ka wā mai ka 1704 ke ala kūpono e 1723rd hanau mai la ia heʻumikumamākahi keiki Petero, naʻe, ka hapanui o ia mau mea make i loko oʻuʻuku mai. No laila, pinepine hāpai keiki i i ole ia, mai hele pū ana i kana kane ma kona nui huakaʻi: ka mea, ke noho i loko o ka hale lole a me ka hiamoe ma luna o ka paakiki moe,ʻaʻole he iki'ōhumuʻana.

kānaka apau i mākaukau

I ka 1713, Peter I, i hoonani aku la ia i ka & o'ī, hana o kana wahine i ka manawa o ka ole no ka Russian Prut kai eʻe, hoʻokumu i ka papa o St. Ana. He kino i na hoailona ma luna o kāna kāne i loko o November 1714 la. Ua Ua mua kapa i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Liberation, a ua manao wale ia Ana. Ma ka pono o ka wahine i ka ino-ola me ka make Prut kai eʻe, Peter I hoʻomanaʻo i loko o kona manifesto o ka poni ana o kana wahine i loko o November 1723rd. Haole me ka hou noonoo ana e na mea a pau e hele ma loko o ka pā hale Lūkini, ua hoʻoholo like kaulana aloha i ke alii, no ka mea Empress. A i ka Peresia kai eʻe i ka 1722 Ana i ka umiumi, komo kona poo, a hoomaka ae la e komo Grenadier chap. Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia a me kāna kāne parade o ka poʻe hao wale, waiho 'ana i ke kaua.

He iwakalua-kolu o ka lā o Dekemaba 1721 i ka papa o ka Senate a me ka Synod o ka Russian Empress Ana komo. No no kona poni ma May 1724 o ka mua i Komikina'Āina ma ka pāpale aliʻi, a me kona nani mamua i ka lei o ke alii. Ma ke poo o ka wahine o ka Emperor ka ano o Petero ia ia iho i waiho ai.

kiʻi

Manao ma ka mea a ka paia waho o Ana, contradictory. Inā e kālele ana ma luna o kona mau kanaka i ka 'ia, i ka manao o ka mea a pau' oluʻolu, akā, i ka wahine, ana ia biased, manaoio aku la ia i kona pōkole, manoanoa a me ka eleele. Aia hoʻi, keʻano o ka Empress i ole e nui o ka manaʻo. He i wale e nānā i ia, e hai i kona haʻahaʻa kumu. Ka lole oia ua hoʻokomoʻia ua he kahiko-puʻu waiū kaila, paʻa i unuhi i sequins kala. Ua Ua mau Ua he ciia i ua ma ke alo ua hoʻonaniʻia me ka mea humuhumu i ka pohaku maikai a pau, mai ka mua unuhi i loko o ka palapala o kekahi mau-hina aeto. Ma ke aliʻi wahine, i mau kau o ka Papa Naita, he kakini uuku icons a me komohia auaneʻi. E like me ia hele, keia waiwai a pau, kani ana.

lalani

Kekahi o kā lākou mau keiki kāne - Petero, ma hope o ka mea, o ka abdication o ka Auguseto ka makahiapo hooilina o Evdokia Lopukhina noʻonoʻo i ka 1718 kūhelu prestolonasledovatelem, i loko o ka m-1719 make. No ia mea, ke alii i ka mea wale nō reformer i kana wahine eʻike i kona wā e hiki mai hope. Akā, i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1724 ka mua Empress, o Petero mahuʻi mua o ke kipi a me ka pahupaʻiwikiō-cadet Mons. He hana i ka hope, a oki i ka manawalea a me kana wahine. I ole e olelo aku, me ka hookipaia a me ka mea, ua papa ia. Aloha no kekahi poe i hana i ka mea weliweli loa i ke aliʻi, i loko o kona inaina, ua haehae i ka makemake ma i hala o ka noho aliʻi i kana wahine.

A hookahi ma ka pelapela noi o kana kaikamahine Elizabeth, hooholo iho la o Petero i ka aina awakea me Ana - he wahine ka mea i kona inseparable hoa a me ka hope i ka iwakalua makahiki piha. A ma mua o ka make ana o ka Auguseto i ka mahina. Ma Ianuali 1725 i ka lua o ka haule iho la oia maʻi. Ana mau ua ma ka moe ana o ka make Mō'ī. I ka po, mai 28 la a hiki i 29 la, make iho la o Petero i ka lima o kana wahine.

Pii a hiki i ka noho aliʻi

E like me ka make ana o ka wahine, i ole he manawa e hai aku i kona hope makemake, i ka olelo hooholo o ka ninau o ke succession lilo pū i loko o "Aha Haku" - lālā o ke Senate, ka Synod, a me nā pūkaua nui, ka mea hoi au i loko o ka hale aliʻi o ka iwakalua-hiku o Ianuari. Mawaena o lakou, he mau aoao elua. Kekahi, oia hoi o ka noho ana ma luna o ka loa luna o ke aupuni ka manaʻanuʻu ka aristocracy, alakaʻiʻia Europa-hoʻonaʻauao Prince Dmitry Golitsyn. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e kali i ka autocracy, koi i ka la mahope, e kūkulu ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o Peter I - He nīnūnē moʻopuna Petra Velikogo. Au pono aku nei au i ka candidature o ke keiki ua loa kaulana i waena o nā mea a pau Lūkini aristocratic papa, ka poe i makemake e loaʻa i loko o ka pōʻino mamo alii kekahi i hiki ke hoihoi mai i ko lakou mua pomaikai.

ka lanakila

Ka lua o ka aoao ua ma kaʻaoʻao o Ana. Ke mahae ua inevitable. Me ke kōkua o kona longtime hoa Menshikov a me Buturlina Yaguzhinskii, a e hilinai ana ma luna o ka poʻe kiaʻi, ua pii aku ai i ka noho aliʻi like Ana 1, i ka noho alii ana o ka i no Rusia mea kūikawā i ole, ua kaha. Ka mea, ua pōkole-olaʻana. By like me Menshikov, Ana i i ālai ia 'aʻe i loko o nā hana o ka moku'āina, eia hoi, o ka walu ia ma Pepeluali 1726, ua haawi aku la ka mua Lūkini mana i loko o nā lima o ka Aha Ahakukamalu.

Kālai'āina ma ke aupuni

Au i kaupalena 'ia ka hapanui e' eʻe 'pepa State hope Ana. ʻOiai ka mea pono e mai la oia i ka Empress ua hoihoi i loko o ka noho ana o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa. Ma ka aoao o ke aupuni maoli rula o ka Ahakukamalu - he kino hana koke ma mua o kona pii ana i ka noho aliʻi. Ua oia o Menshikov, G. Golovkin, FM Apraksin, D. Golitsyn, P. a me A. Osterman Tolstoy.
Ana hoomaka 1 noho alii ana me ka mea i auhau i ua hoemi, a kala aku na pio he nui, a a hoʻokuewa wale '. Ka mea mua i ukuia a hiki i ka pehu ana kala a me ka weliweli pono eha ma ka naau i waena o na kanaka. Kekahi Ana mihi hoopau ia i ka kahiko kekahi, ia ia e Peter 1. No ka laʻana, me ka nui loa hoemiia ke kūlana o ka Senate i hoopau a kūloko Aupuni, a i hoʻololi ai i ka mana o ke kiaaina, he Komisina, i nā pūkaua nui a me ka moku lawe hae o. E like me ka maʻiʻo o keia mihi, Ana 1 ka mea, i ka lawe mālama ana i ka hana o Lūkini hao wale.

lahui e pili ana

A ina o ka na Politika Ekateriny 1 deviated mai o ka papa o Petero i ka manawa, i hoʻonohonoho 'mea a pau, hele aku ma luna o ka mea like me Rusia kākoʻo i ke koi ana o ke keiki i loko o ke kānāwai o ka Empress a me kona makua kāne Peter 3, i Schleswig Duke Charles Frederick,. Denmark a Austria i worsened ana me ia. I ka 1726, i ke aupuni e pili ana i ka Vienna Union. Eia hou kekahi, Rusia lilo ia i loko o Courland loaʻa kekahi keiki, a ho'āʻo e hoouna aku i Menshikov like me ka luna o ka Duchy, akā, i ka na kamaaina ku. I ka Ia manawa i hānau Ana 1 kuwaho hua. Rusia, ua loaʻa concessions mai Peresia a me Tureke ma ka Caucasus, ua hiki ke lawe noho ai o ka Shirvan māhele.

pili aupuni kiʻi

Mai ka loa hoʻomaka o kona noho alii ana Ana 1 naʻikepili Ua pahuna ma ka hōʻike a pau i ka mea o ka noho aliʻi ma ka palekana mau lima, a ua i ka aina i noho ai ma luna o ke ala i koho ia e ka reformer nui. Ka Aha ka Aha Kuka Malu mau kaua paio he awaawa no ka mana. Akā, kanaka aloha i ka Empress. A me keia mamua o ka mea i ka mea maloko Politika Ekateriny 1 ua ole ia ma kekahi hana pomaikai no ka maʻamau kanaka.

Kona alo ua mau lama me ka poʻe me kekahi mau noi. Ua i ia, e haawi ana i ka waiwai manawalea, a no na mea he nui i lilo godmother. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o ka wahine lua o Petra Velikogo ua ma luna o ka hoʻolālā o ka Academy o Sciences. Eia hou, i ka Empress leho ma ka Kamchatka huakaʻi o Bering.

Ka mua Russian Empress make i loko o May 1727. Kona hope ua waeia nā 'ōpio o Petero 2 - moopuna, a me ke kūlana o nā kuhina - Menshikov. Eia naʻe, paio he awaawa no ka mana hoomauia. Ma hope iho o ka noho alii ana o Ana 1, moʻolelo e olelo aku nei, ka mea, ua haawi ala i ka wā lōʻihi o Lūkini hale Hope.