Slavic pūʻulu o nā 'ōlelo a pau. He aha nā 'ōlelo e pili ana i ka Slavic hui?

Slavic pūʻulu o nā 'ōlelo a pau o ka nui lala o ka Indo-ʻEulopa' ōlelo, e like me ka Slavs - o ka nui ma Europa, me ka pae ana o kanaka hui ma ka like lehelehe hohonu, a me ka moʻomeheu. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'oi ma mua o 400 miliona kanaka.

Overview

Slavic 'ōlelo pūʻulu - he lālā o ka Indo-ʻEulopa' ōlelo, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hapa nui o ka 'āina i loko o hikina Europe, ka Balkans, māhele o Central' Eulopa a me ka'ākau Asia. Ua Ua loa pili loa aku i ka Baltic ōlelo (Lituania, Lakawia a me ka mea ole kahiko Prussian). 'Ōlelo e pili pū ana i ka Slavic pae, originated mai Central a me ka hikinaʻEulopa (Poland, Ukraine) a ua palahalaha ae i ke koena o na luna i oleloia ?? eoi?.

Kekahi o ia i hoʻohana 'ia e nā kākau o ka global cia (no ka laʻana, Russian, Polish, Czech). A Church Slavonic no hoʻohana i ka hana i loko o ka Orthodox Church.

Mea Maluna

Aia he ekolu pūʻulu o Slavic 'ōlelo South Slavic, West Slavic a East Slavic lala.

Ma colloquial olelo, i kū'ē i ka maopopo hookaawale mau i ka palapala, ai ','ōlelo palena mea i maopopo. Aia i malumalu olelo ai pili aku kekahi mau 'ōlelo, koe wale no ke kahi o ka South Slavs kaawale mai ka' ē aʻe Slavs, Romanians, Hungarians a me Kelemānia-olelo ana Austrians. Akā, i loko o kēia mau kaʻawale mau mea, ma laila nō kekahi koena o na kahiko olelo o ka hoʻomauʻana (no ka mea hoike, aʻo Kīwala'ō o ka Lūkini, a Bulgarian).

Nolaila, he mea pono e kaulana ole e ia ka hana kuʻuna Mea Maluna ma ke ano o ka ekolu hookaawale lālā e noʻonoʻo me ke kumu hoʻohālikeʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey. Pololei i ka manaʻo o ka mea like me ka kaʻina hana i mau hana differentiation a me ka reintegration olelo, e waiho ana i ka Slavic pūʻulu o nā 'ōlelo a ua he luku uniformity o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi? O kona hoi o ka makana. No ka kenekulia, ke ala okoa na kanaka ma kela aoao a me kā lākou mau hana 'ike loea i hui pūʻia.

oko ao

Aka ka mea, e lilo ia i exaggeration i ka manao i ke kamaʻilio ma waena o kekahi mau 'ōlelo a okoa Slavic' ōlelo mea hiki ole i kekahi'ōlelo pilikia. He nui oko ao ma phonetics, grammar a me ka hua'ōlelo hou ke alakai i ka misunderstandings, a hiki ma ka alodio kamailio ana,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka pilikia i loko o journalistic, oaoieei-a me ka noʻeau'ōleloʻana. No ka laʻana, ka mea Lūkini hua'ōlelo "uliuli a pau" mea recognizable i nā mea a pau Slavs, akā, "ulaula" 'o ia hoʻi "nani" i loko o ka' ē aʻe 'ōlelo. Suknja - he "lepa" ma ka Serbo-Croatian, "kapakomo" ma Slovene, he like me i kona ' "lole" - "lole" ma Ukrainian.

Hawaiian pūʻulu o Slavic 'ōlelo

Ua nā ka Lūkini, Ukrainian a me ka Hawaiian. Russian - maoli no ka aneane 160 miliona kanaka, a me na kanaka ma na aina o ka mea mua Soviet Union. Kona papa kuhikuhiE olelo:'ākau, hema, a kikowaena hoʻololi pae. Me ka mea e pili ana i ka Moscow olelo, a ua muli ma ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo. A pau i loko o Russian ua oleloia mai ma kahi o 260 miliona kanaka nā hualoaʻa a.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka "nui a me ka ikaika" Hawaiian Slavic pae o ka 'ōlelo a nā mau nui' ōlelo.

• Ukrainian, a ua maheleia i loko o'ākau, Komohana Hema, hema-hikina a me ka Carpathian olelo. Ka palapala, ai palapala me ka nānā 'ana ma o ka Kyiv-Poltava Hebera. Over 37 miliona kanaka e olelo Ukrainian ma Ukraine, a kokoke nā'āina, e like me ka ike hou aku ma mua o 350 000 kanaka i'ōlelo i loko o Canada a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Keia mea aie a hiki i ke alo o ka nui ka lāhui i nā kaiāulu o nā meaʻeʻe moku i haʻalele i ke aupuni i loko o ka hopena o XIX kenekulia. Carpathian olelo, iʻikeʻia me Carpatho kekahi manawa noʻonoʻo ke kaʻawale 'ōlelo.
• Belarus - ua oleloia mai e puni ehiku miliona kanaka i loko o Belarus. Kona papa kuhikuhiE olelo: ke komohana hema, i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka i hiki ke wehewehe ma ke koke i na aina Polish, a me ka'ākau. Minsk olelo, i mea i ke kumu no ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo, ua aia ma ka palena ma waena o nā pūʻulu elua.

West Slavic lala

Ua nā Polish a me nā lehitskie (Kashubian a me ka mea ole hōʻoia - Slowinski), Sorbian a me Czechoslovak adverbs. Kēia pūʻulu o Slavic 'ōlelo' ohana i kekahi lā, he pono ole. More o 40 miliona kanaka e olelo Polish,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Poland a me na wahi e ae ma ka hikina Europe (ma a pau i loko o Lithuania, ka Czech Repubalika a me Belarus), akā, i loko o Farani, o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Canada. Ua Ua hoi puunaueia i loko o kekahi mau subgroups.

Polish adverbs

Main - o ka akau-komohana, ma ka hema-hikina, a me ka aina o Silesia. Kashubian Pomeranian olelo ua noʻonoʻo hapa o ka 'ōlelo, e like Poland, e lehitskim i,. Kona 'ōlelo e noho ana ma ke komohana o Gdansk ma ka Baltic kahakai.

Slowinski loa iaʻi olelo no i ka'ākau pūʻulu o ka olelo o Kashubian, i mea okoa, mai ke kūkulu hema. Kekahi ua hanaʻole 'ōlelo e pili ana i ka lehitskim - ia Polabian, i i oleloia ma ka 17-18 kenekulia. Slavs mea i noho i loko o ka wahi o ka muliwai Elbe.

Kona hoahanau pili ka serboluzhitsky, a ua nō i oleloia mai ma ka Lausitz ma ka hikina Germany. Ua i mau palapala, ai '' ōlelo: verhneluzhitsky (hoʻohana ma Bautzen a me ka puni) a me Lower Sorbian (, he pono ole i loko o Cottbus).

Czechoslovak pūʻulu o nā 'ōlelo a pau

It nā:

• Czech, a ua oleloia mai ma kahi o 12 miliona kanaka i loko o ka Lepupalika Czech. Kona olelo: Bohemian, Moravian a me Silesian. I ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo i hana i loko o ka XVI kenekulia ma Central Bohemia Palaka-ma muli Hebera.
• Slovak, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia ma kahi o 6 miliona kanaka, i ka hapanui - na kanaka o Solowakia. I ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo i hana ma ke kumu o ka olelo o Central Solowakia ma ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia. Western Slovak olelo e like me Moravian, a oko a mai ka Central a me ka hikina mea i nā hiʻona i ka pono me ka Polish a me Ukrainian 'ōlelo.

South Slavic pūʻulu o nā 'ōlelo a pau

Mawaena o ka ekolu ka papa kuhikuhi ia mea i lehulehu i loko o ka helu o ka Media olelo. Akā, ia mea he hoihoi 'pae o Slavic' ōlelo, he papa inoa o ka i, e like me kā lākou 'ōlelo ka loa nui.

Ka mea, i hoʻolaha like penei:

1. Hawaiian subgroup. It nā:

• Bulgarian ōlelo - ua olelo e oi aku mamua o eiwa miliona kanaka ma Pulakalia a me na wahi kokoke ana i nā Balkan aina a me Ukraine. Aia i mau papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu o kūloko olelo: Hawaiian a me Western. Ka mea mua i ke kumu o ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo ma ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia, i ka lua i ka nui ole ma luna o laila.
• Teselonike i 'ōlelo - ua oleloia mai ma kahi o elua miliona kanaka i loko o ka Balkans. Ka mea, ua i ka hope Luna nui o ka lālā, i loaa i ka hae palapala, ai 'ano o ka mea hanaʻia i loko o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua.

2. Western subgroup:

• Serbo-Croatian 'ōlelo - ma kahi o 20 miliona kanaka e hoʻohana' ia. Ke kumu no ka palapala, ai 'mana ua Shtokavian olelo, i mea, he pono ole i loko o ka hapanui māhele o ka Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian a me Montenegrin mokuna.
• Kolewenia ōlelo - ua olelo e oi aku mamua o 2.2 miliona kanaka ma Slovenia a me na wahi a puni i loko o Italy, a Austria. Ua loaʻa kekahi mau mea like me na olelo o Croatia a me ka loaʻa o na olelo me ka nuiʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou. Ma Slovenia (i pau kona komohana a me ka akau-komohana olelo), ko läkou 'o kahiko ano laulea a me nā' ōlelo West Slavic hiki ke loaʻa (Czech a me Slovak).