Wormholes i loko o ka lewa. Astronomical kuhiakau

Starry ke ao holoʻokoʻa hūnā i nui na mea pohihihi. E like me ka mea mau kumumanaʻo o ka relativity (GTR), hoʻokumuʻia Einstein, ke ola i loko o ka eha-dimensional pokole-manawa. He uma a me ka umekaumaha, kama'āina i nā mea a pau o ka mai, o ke kīnā o keia waiwai. Mea huakai hele, "Halala" o ka makahiki a puni ia, a me ka nui ma mua o ka mea denser. Space, wa a me ka manawa - a pau i kēia mea loa hoihoi 'kumuhana. heluhelu i kēia 'atikala ma hope, oe, eʻoiaʻiʻo nō e aʻo ia kekahi mea hou e pili ana ia lakou.

I ka manaʻo o ka curvature

He nui nā theories o gravitation, a nei i keia la haneri a pau, i kekahi i loko o lāliʻi mai mau relativity. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau Astronomical hypotheses koe i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - i ka manaʻo o ka curvature. Inā makahiki ka uma, ka mea hiki e ea ae ka hana i ka mea hiki ke lawe, no ka mea hoike, i ke kinona o ka paipu ai pili aku māhele 'āina, a i hookaawale ia e ka iiiaanoaa o ka malamalama-makahiki. A malia paha o kona mau makahiki, ke kaawale mai kekahi i kekahi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua mea e kamailio pu ana e pili ana i ka lewa, maʻa iā mākou, akā, i ka wa-manawa, i ka wa a mākou e nānā i ka makahiki. Ka puka i loko o ka mea, e hōʻike wale nō ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu. Mākou e kaumaha aku oe i ka e ike i ka hana hoihoi kŰia o wormholes.

Ka mua manaʻo o wormholes

Deep makahiki a me kona mea pohihihi peahi aku. Manaʻo ma luna o ka curvature ikea koke ma hope o ka mea i paʻiʻia ma ka General Relativity. L. Flamm, he'Aukekulia physicist mea i ka 1916 mai la oia i ka māhele anahonua ke nei i loko o ka kekahi puka, a hoʻohuiʻia nā lani a elua. Mathematician N. Rosen a me Albert Einstein i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli, ike i ka simplest pāʻoihana o na nā helu kaulike i loko o ka? Aieao o mau relativity, hōʻike no kaʻawale uila i hoopiiia a'ākilikai nā kumu, e pili ana i ka gravitational kahua, i ka māhele 'ole "alahaka". Oia hoi, e hoʻohui i ka mau universes, elua kokoke i lalo, a me ka wa-manawa hookahi.

Ma hope, hoomaka ae la i kēia mau māhele hale e e kapaia "wormholes", i mea e aho noa unuhi mai i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia hua'ōlelo wormhole. Kokoke i kona unuhi - "wormhole" (ma ka makahiki). Rosen a hiki Einstein i i hookaawale ia i ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia mau "na alahaka" e hōʻike iā lākou i ke kōkua o haʻahaʻa (particles). No, ma keia hihia, ke huna nei he hoʻokahi wale nō māhele palapala. Nolaila, i ka pono, e ÷ ike i ke kumu o ke kauoha a me ke kaumaha ua ole manaʻoi hōʻike. A keʻena mawaho kilo i ka wa a ka wormhole he microscopic Ana, ike aku no ia wale nō he wahi kahi a me kaʻoihana a me ka nuipa ana i loko o kekahi o kēia mau hakahaka.

"Iinoia" Einstein-Rosen

Ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka lua ninoieo o ka uila mana laina, a hele aku la lakou ma ka 'ē aʻe mai, i pau a me ka hoʻomaka anywhere. G .. Wheeler, he Amelika physicist, ma keia manawa mai la oia ia mea, huli mai "e malama me ka uku ole" a me ka "nuipa a me ka nuipa a." Ia mea,ʻaʻole e pono i keia hihia, e noonoo i ke alahaka ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoʻohui i nāʻokoʻa universes. No emi pili a me ka makemake e ka mea mahuʻi i ka mau wormhole "waha" e hele mai i loko o ka ia ke ao holoʻokoʻa, akā, i kekahi mau manawa, a ma kekahi mau heluʻai o ia. Ua huli mai i kekahi mea ua like no me he puha "i lawelawe," ina mea mea e humuhumu ihoʻaneʻane palahalaha mau honua. Nā laina o ka ikaika i loko o ka waha, i hiki ke hoomaopopo i ka hopena maikaʻi ka uku (no ka laʻana, huina'ine). Puka mai i ka mea, i noho ai, i ka maikaʻi kauoha (positron). Like no na nā paʻi hua, ka mea, e ma na aoao a elua i ka ia.

Nā kūlana o ka ho okumu ana o "na alahaka" Einstein-Rosen

Kēia kiʻi, a me nā mea a pau kona Hawaii, ua i palahalaha ae ana i ka ke kālaikūlohea o haʻahaʻa (particles), e like me ka ua heʻano o nā kumu. Ia mea i oluolu ia nei i ka "alahaka" Einstein-Rosen quantum ka waiwai, a mea i noho i loko o ka microcosm. Kēia "alahaka", a uaʻaʻole i hanaʻia ma ka ike aiee o ka malama a me ka nuipa a (particles) (protons a me electrons). "Uila" pāʻoihana kahi Wānana hoʻi he "olohelohe" singularity, i ka mea, o ka wahi, kahi a ka uila ke kahua, a me ka curvature o ka lewa ua i ole. Ma na maka o ka wa-manawa manaʻo, a hiki ina ka curvature mea meaningless, no ka mea, he mea hiki ole ke hoʻoponopono i nā helu kaulike me ka mana loa helu o nā hua'ōlelo.

Ka wā,ʻaʻole e hana GTR?

Ma ona iho, no ka nui o ka pähola 'relativity ua hōʻike hewa hākālia nō me kēia wā ka mea i pau ka moni hana. Ma ka'ā'ī, ma ka narrowest wahi "alahaka", aia no i ka 'aʻe' ana o ka smoothness o ka pilina. A ia E e olelo ana, he AICIeOEOI. Mai ka oiai ua ike o ka mamao kilo i loko o kēia'ā'ī o ka holo ana manawa. Ka mea i Einstein a me Rosen noʻonoʻo i ka'ā'ī, ua e hoakaka me ka hanana moana o kaʻeleʻele lua (i hoopiiia a'ākilikai). Kukuna a me (particles), mai kekahiʻaoʻao, "i ke alahaka," haule i loko o kekahi "mau" o ka moana lipolipo. A ma waena o ka hema, a me ka pono loa o ia, kŘpa a olelo ana, ia mea he pili-kūpaʻa kahua. I mea e hele i ka wahi, ua hiki ia lakou ke hoopio ia.

Hikiʻole, e hele ana oukou ma kaʻeleʻele puka

Ke spacecraft, i mea kokoke i ka moana lipolipo Ua nui pili i ka mea iʻeleʻele lua e like ahau ke ka wa pau ole. Ho'ēmi a uuku no lepa hiki iā ia ... Ma ka aka, ua loaʻa i ka moana lipolipo o ka huahelu, i ka moku o loko o ka finite manawa. I ka hele o ka moku (a ka huna laau nui o ka malamalama) ia, oia ka wa e e hoomaha iho la i loko o ka singularity. 'O kēia ka wahi ma ke curvature i mana loa. Ke singularity (ma ke hoʻokokoke iā ia) io kino, e inevitably e uhaʻiʻia a me ka hoʻokaumahaʻia. 'O kēia ka ike maopopo ana o kaʻeleʻele lua noonoo.

hou haʻawina

Ma 1916-17 GG. Mākou i loaa pāʻoihana Reissner-Nordström a me Schwarzschild. Ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka spherically symmetrical uila i hoopiiia, a'ākilikai nāʻeleʻele lua. Naʻe ke kālaikūlohea pau hiki ke maopopo i ka huikau anahonua ikepili hakahaka ma ka huli ana o 1950-60-ies wale. Ka mea, ua laila D. A. Uiler,ʻikeʻia no kāna hana i loko o ka kumumanaʻo o ka umekaumaha, a me nukelea ke kālaikūlohea,? Aaeaaaaony i ka manawa "wormhole" a me ka "ʻeleʻele puka". Ua huli mai ia i loko o ka hakahaka Reissner-Nordström a me Schwarzschild wormholes e ola ana i loko o ka lewa. Ka mea, i ole loa hiki i ka loihi kilo, e like me kaʻeleʻele puka. A, e like ia, wormholes i loko o ka lewa a mau loa aku. Akā, inā i ka hele komo iloko o ka moana lipolipo, ka mea,'opi no laila, koke ia ma ia hiki ole lele kekahi Ray o ka malamalama, aole hoi papakaukau huna, a i mea o ka moku. E lele i ka 'ē aʻe waha, piliwaiwai ka singularity, ua pono e hoʻoneʻe wikiwiki ma mua o ka malamalama. Currently, physicists manaoio i ka māmā holo o ka supernova o ka ikaika a me ka mea mea fundamentally ole.

Black puka Schwarzschild a me Reissner-Nordström

Schwarzschildʻeleʻele puka hiki ke noonoo impassable iole burrow. Like no ka meaʻeleʻele lua Reissner-Nordström, ia mea iki hou huikau, akā, i impassable. Nō e hele mai, a wehewehe i ka eha-dimensional wormholes ma ka makahiki e hiki kekahi,ʻaʻole he paʻakikī. Kekahi pono wale nō e koho i ka pono kino o ka metric. Ke metric tensor, a metric, - he lākou o nā DEBFULLNAME, ka hoʻohana 'ana i, kekahi ke ho omaulia i ka eha-dimensionalʻanuʻu na ma waena o nā kumu-hanana. Kēia 'ia paha o nā aiaiiuo loa characterizes i ka gravitational ke kahua, a me ka anahonua o ka lewa-manawa. Geometric keʻa wormholes i loko o ka lewa, a hiki'ē ma mua oʻeleʻele puka. Ka mea, e ole i lipolipo e alakai ana i na ino a me ka hooholo ia o ka manawa. Ma kekahi mau heluʻai i ka manawa e hele ai i ka okoa iki mai, akā, ka mea e ole i ka mea ia manawa infinitely pau ana paha hōʻeleu i.

Mau laina o ka noiʻi wormholes

Nature Ua kau i ka ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka muli o wormholes. Eia naʻe, ua papahana he kanaka no laila, ia ina he mea he keʻakeʻa nei, ma laila e manawa e makemake e lanakila ia. A me nā kānakaʻepekema mea i koe. Hana o na theorists poe eʻimi ana wormholes hiki ke maheleia i loko o nā wahi e hoʻokō kekahi i kekahi. Ka mua epa a me ka noonoo o ko lākou mau hopena ma mua holoholo ana wormholes e ola ana. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka lua o ka olelo o ka ho'āʻo e maopopo mea a pehea ka mea, e ikea mai ai, i ka rula e pono ai no lākou ma muli o. E hana ana ma keia ala e hiki aku, ua oi aku ia mamua o ka mua a me ka, paha, ka mea i oi hana hoihoi. A hiki i keia kuhikuhi ana nā ke huli no Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o wormholes, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o kā lākou waiwai.

E piʻi like o Lūkini physicists

E like me ka mea huli mai, i ka waiwai o ka mea i mea he mea no ka kapili ana i wormholes hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ma muli o ka polarization holo quantum kihapai. Lūkini physicists Sergey Sushkov a me Arkady Popov, pu me ka SepaniaʻImi Loa David Hochberg a Sergei Krasnikov nei i hele mai a hiki i kēia hopena. Holo ma keia hihia nei i mea ole. Kēia quantum moku'āina wehewehe aku ma ka haahaa ikehu, 'o ia hoʻi, he mahinaʻai i loko i loaʻa nā ole maoli (particles). Ma keia kahua, mau ka huna hui o "ʻike kamepiula" nalowaleʻana aku ma mua ka mea, e wehe i na mea maalea, akā, na lau kona hoailona ma ke ano o ka ikehu tensor, oa pana, wehewehe aku ma ka hana waiwai. I loko nō o ka mea i ka quantum waiwai o ka mea uaʻano nui hoikeia ma ka microcosm, wormholes, hānau ma ia, ma lalo o kekahi mau rula, ke hiki nui nui. Kekahi o nā 'atikala Krasnikova, ma ke ala, ua kapaia "ka hoʻoweliweli' ana o wormholes."

ninau o ke kālaiʻike

Inā wormholes loa no e hiki ke kūkulu a wehe aʻe i ke aupuni o ke akeakamai, pili me ke ano o ka 'epekema, maka hou ho'āʻo a, au pono e olelo aku nei, e ka mea paʻakikī. A me nā mea a pau i ka seemingly absurd manawa puka lou, a me ka pilikia nīnūnē e pili ana i ka causation, keia wahi o ka 'epekema, paha kekahi mau manawa, i kēia, e maopopo. E like me ka hoʻomaopopo i loko o kona manawa me na pilikia o ka quantum mechanics, a hana ma ka Einstein ka pähola 'o ka relativity. Space, wa a me ka manawa - a pau o kēia mau nīnūnē ma nā mea a pau loa, hoihoi i loko o kanaka a pau, aolie ia e hoihoi i loko o mākou mau. E ike ia loa apuepue lanakila. Spaceʻimi loa i ka lewa mea olelo lealea, e mau loa e pau.