Eha-dimensional makahiki

I kēia lā,ʻo kēlā kanaka schoolchild ike i ka makahiki ma a he mea he kanaka, ekolu-dimensional,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea, he ekolu Ana: loa, ka laula a me ke kiekie. Akā, i ka eha-dimensional ka lewa? Inā mākou e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ole wale i ka māhele kulana o ke kino, akā, i pehea e hoʻololi ma manawa, i mea, keʻano o ka hanaʻana i lawe wahi i ka ekolu-dimensional kahua, he mea hoʻokahi hou i kahi kūlike o - manawa. Four-dimensional, a he ekolu māhele, a hoʻokahi kino wahi. Ma keia hihia, physicists a me ka poe akeakamai olelo o ka hookahi pokole-manawa hoʻomaumau. Manawa a me ka makahiki i interrelated. I ka mea, e hōʻike like okoa, ao ke ano o ka eha-dimensional pokole-manawa.

Four-dimensional makahiki like me ka ke kuikahi o ka manawa a me ka la, mai ka hana hoihoi 'ka waiwai i ka mea heʻilihune o ka pähola' ana o relativity o Einstein. , Ae waiho nei i loko o ka mea ana me ka hoʻokokoke māmā holo o ke kino, e hoomalamalama ia lohi e kahe manawa, a ua hoemiia ke kino ia iho i loko o ka nui.

Hoi i noonoo ai i eha-dimensional makahiki muli o kona kulana paʻakikī. A hiki mākou i loko o ke kula, unuhi ae la ia i ka i lalo geometric kinona, ka mea i 'ike i kekahi mau pilikia - ka mea, he elua-dimensional (i ka laula a me ka loa). Ka mea, ua oi paʻakikī e huki, a ho i ka ekolu-dimensional kinona - cone, pyramids, nā paukūʻolokaʻa a oi. A hoi i noonoo ai i eha-dimensional huahelu Ua paʻakikī a hiki i ka makemakika a me ke kālaikūlohea.

O ka holo ana, i ka manaʻo o ka "eha-dimensional la," e pono e hele a maʻa i. ʻimi naʻauao physicists i hoʻohana i ka manaʻo o ka eha-dimensional wa-manawa me ke koʻi i loko o ka ho, hoʻomōhala i loko o kēia ao eha-dimensional anahonua.

Kumumanaʻo Einstein mai la oia i ka umekaumaha o ka kino he hoʻonui i ka curvature a puni kona mau eha-dimensional pokole-manawa. Ia mea i oluolu i ka visualize i ka "maʻamau" wa-manawa, a me ka nānaina - i oi pilikia. Akā,ʻimi naʻauao physicist, a me ka makemakika a me ka mai e pono ai e waiho i kekahi mea. Curvature o ia ku nei no ka hoʻololi geometrical waiwai o ke kino a me kinona. No ka laʻana, ka mea circumferential loa kēia i kona anawaena ma ka pelane like me ka 3,14, a me keia mea i paa io ole i ka mea uma ili. Manawa kūpono o ka curvature o ka eha-dimensional wa theorized ma ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia Lūkini mathematician Nikolai Lobachevsky. Ma ka hapalua like-umikumamaiwa ke kenekulia, ke Kelemānia mathematician Riemann hoomaka ae la e makaikai i ka "uma" makahiki i wale ekolu Ana, akā, eha, a laila, i kekahi helu o Ana. Mai ka anahonua o uma liuliu, ua kapaia 'ole-Euclidean. Nā Mamua o ka ole-Euclidean anahonua i i ike pono ma lalo o ka hana hiki e pono keia mau mea lākou anahonua. Ka makemakika i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a ka mea hana, ia a laila ia i loko o ka hoʻomanaʻo o mau relativity (mau relativity).

Einstein kuhikuhi mai i ka hoihoi 'hookoia, no ka manawa: he mana gravitational kahua, manawa e kahe ke kua'āina ma mua o waho ia. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka manawa i loko o ka lā, e ia ke kua'āina ma mua o ka Honua, no ka mea, o ka ikaika o ka umekaumaha o ka Sun mea nui nui ma mua o ka ikaika o ka Honua ka umekaumaha. No ka mea hookahi kumu o ka uaki ma ka kekahi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka Honua e hele i kona wahi ma mua ma luna o ka ili o ka Honua.

O ka nui loa no ka mea a pau o ka 'epekema i nā kānakaʻepekema wehe i ka waiwai o ka manawa, e like me ka slowdown i loko o kona kokoke neutron hoku, hooki manawa i loko o ka "ʻeleʻele lua", ka mea hypothetical manawa kūpono o ka "hoʻololi" i ka makahiki a me ka manawa o ka mea nana e hoole kaʻina.

Mawaho o ka gravitational kahua ikeia no laila, i kapaia o wa - ke kaiapuni i loko i ka ikaika o ka umekaumaha ma ke kino, a 'aʻole i hana, a hana loa nawaliwali hoʻohālikelike i ka umekaumaha o ka Honua. Na hoku i ka makahiki, a me ka hapanui o ka mea, ua noa ka lewa.