He aha ka ikaika o Gibbs?

Hā'awi'ia ka'ōlohelohe o ka hana ma nā puka open a me nā pani kīpili ma o kahi'ano kūikawā kūikawā i kapa'ia'o ka Gibbs ikaika. He hana ia e ka moku'āina. D.W. 'O Gibbs, e hana me nā'ōnaehana thermodynamic, hiki iā ia ke unuhi'ia ma o ka entropy a me ke komo'ana. 'O ka ikaika o Gibbs, ma ke'ano, e hiki iā mākou ke wānana i ke kuhikuhi o ka holo'ana o nā hanana olaola kūpono'ole a me ka loiloi i ko lākou pono kūpono.

Inā mākou e pili i ka Gibbs hopena a lua thermodynamic kānāwai, me ka hoʻomanaʻo e ia i ka hahai: ka ikaika (const) puʻe a me ka wela ole mawaho waiū'ōnaehana ke kākoʻo noho'na makaainana i ulu pele wale no ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana, he no ka i mea e emi ai ka Gibbs ikehu pae i ka waiwai i ia lŘlŘ ka wā e hiki kona napoo Ka li'ili'i. 'O ke kaulike o kekahi'ōnaehana thermodynamic,'o ia ho'i ka hō'eha o kēia ike (ka palena). No laila,'o Gibbs pūnaewele kahi pūnaewele (potential free entylpy) i nā pūnaehana harebaric-isothermal. E wehewehe i ke kumu o ka palena li'ili'i. 'O ka'oia'i'o,'o kēia kekahi o nā kūlana nui o ke kaulike ma ka thermodynamics: kēia'ano me ka hō'eha o ka mahana a me ke kaomi ke'ano no ka ho'ololi hou e pono ai e ho'onui i ka pae ho'olālā, a hiki i kēia wale nō ke ho'ololi'ia kekahi mau mea o waho.

'O ka inoa o ka leka'o G. Ua like a like me ka like'ole ma waena o ka enthalpy i'ike'ia a me ke kumu o ka huahana o ka mahana ma ka entropy. 'O ia,'o ka ikehu Gibbs ke hō'ike'ia ma o kēia'ano:

G = H - (S * t),

I kahi o S ka entropy o ka pūnaewele; 'O T ka thermodynamic temperature; H - enthalpy. Ke ho'okomo'ia ka entropy o ka pūnaewele i loko o kēia kumuhana i mea e no'ono'o ai i ka pi'i'ana o ke anawela o ka'ōnaehana (disorder), a me ka mea li'ili'i.

Ma muli o ka ikaika o ka ike Gibbs a me ka haipule o kekahi o nā hana o ka pūnaewele i ka thermodynamics, hiki ke kahaki'ia nā ho'ololi pa'a i kahi hana ma ka loli'ana o G a H. Inā hāʻawi naoh helu kaulike , a me ka Gibbs ikehu loli, laila, ka mea e pili ana i ka papa o ka thermochemical.

E pili ana i kēia ikehu, hiki ke ho'oponopono'ia ka Hess Rule: inā'a'ole i ho'ololi'ia ka pāku'i a me ka mahana, a laila,'o ka hana'ana o nā mea hou mai nā mua (mau kumuhana) ke alaka'i i ka'ike i ka ho'ololi'ana o ka ikehu i loko o ka'ōnaehana,'oiai ke'ano o nā hanana e hiki mai ana a'a'ole hiki ke helu i ka hopena.

No ka mea o ka ikehu i ho'ākāka'ia ma ka'atikala he huahelu pa'akikī ia, ua ho'okumu'ia ka mana'o o "ka Gibbs ikaika" e hana i nā ho'ohelu. Aia kēia kumukū'ai i loko o kekahi puke huakiko, ua like'o ia me 298 kJ / mol (e'ike i ka like like o ka nui me ka mea e like me ka nui o ka ikehu mola). Hiki iā'oe ke helu i kēia ho'ololi'ana i ka ho'ololi'ana i kekahi ka'ina hana.

Inā iloko o ka papa o ka Nine Inch naoh, he mawaho hana (hana ua hana) huli ma ka'ōnaehana, laila, i ka Gibbs noa ikehu waiwai, piʻi pū. Ua kapa'ia kēlā mau'ano e like me ke'ano hope. No laila, inā hana ka'ōnaehana pono'ī, e ho'olālā ana i ka ike, a laila, e pili ana i nā hō'ike ex-ergonomic.

Ua'ike ka mana'o o Gibbs ike i ka laulā nui ma ka māmā mele hou. Eia kekahi la'ana, ke kumu o nā polymers e kau'ia ma luna o nā ho'ohui hou. I ka wā e ho'okō'ia ai, ua ho'ohui'ia kekahi mau'āpana i ho'okahi, a ke emi nei ke kumu o ka entropy. Ma muli o ka hana Gibbs, hiki ke ho'oku'i'ia e hiki i kekahi hana waho (e like paha, kahi ki'eki'ehana wela) ke ho'ololi i kēlā'ano exothermic ho'onui i ka hopena, a ua ho'okūpa'a'ia i ka hana.