Kamepiula Charles Babbage. Kawaihae, manaʻo a me nā hana o Charles Babbage

Charlz Bebbidzh - English mathematician a me ka inventor, ka poe i papahana i ka mua 'akomi kikohoʻe kamepiula. Eia hou,ʻo ia i kōkua mai hana i nā laekahi English-Holland'ōnaehana a ua ka mua ike loea actuarial papa, invented keʻano o ka speedometer a me alahao puteochistitel.

Kawaihae o Charles Babbage

Hânau 'ia i loko o London ma December 26, 1791 ma ka pali, ka hoapili ia ohana Praeds Beniamina Babbage, nāna Bitton Estate ma Teignmouth, a Betsi Plamli type. I ka 1808 hoʻoholo ihola i ka 'ohana i neʻe i Old Road House, Aia ma ka Hikina Teignmouth, a me kona makua kāne i ka warden o St. Michael ke kokoke ekalesia.

he kanaka waiwai Makua Charles ua, no laila,ʻo ia ke aʻo i kekahi mau waiwai kula. I 8 makahiki ka mea, he e hele i ke kula kauhale, e loaa mai ka mea pepehi maʻi. Kona mau makua hoʻoholo ihola i ke keiki i ka lolo, "E ole i ke kanana nei hoi." E like me ia Babbage, "keia palaualelo nui paha i alakaʻi ai i kekahi o ko kana mau keiki i ka lakou hoopaapaa ana."

He laila lākou i heluʻia i loko o ke kula King Edward VI ma Totnes, South Devon, he thriving hulina kula, i hana ai i kēia lā, akā, me ka moku'āina o ke ola ma ka manawa o ka hoʻoikaika Charles e huli i kekahi kumu. Ma hope iho la i ka paa hou mai la Academy 30 haumāna, alakaʻiʻia e ke Kahu Stiven Friman. Ke kula mai he nui waihona, a Babbage hoʻohana no ka pakiko-kuka nei makemakika, a aʻo i aloha ia. Mahope iho haalele i ka Academy, hu ae la kona mau pilikino mentor. Kekahi o ia mau mea i ka cleric o Kamepelika, ma a ka ao ana o Charles pane like penei: ", owau no ka makau i ka ua,ʻaʻole au aoia i na pono i hiki ke loaa" Ka mea'ē aʻe i ke Kumu ma Oxford. He ao mai na Classics o Charles Babbage, i hiki ia ia ke e maliuʻia ai i Kamepelika.

Këia ma ke Kulanui

Ma October 1810 hōʻea Babbage ma Kamepelika a helu ma Trinity College. He ua he hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi - Lagrange ike Leibniz, Lacroix, Simpson, a ua seriously loaa ole loaʻa makemakika papahana. No laila,ʻo ia a me John Herschel, George Peacock, a me nā hoa hoʻoholo i ka hana i ka mākau Society.

A hiki i ka 1812 Babbage Neʻe i Peter House Kamepelika, oia ua i ka maikaʻi loa mathematician; akā,ʻo ia i i puka me ka hanohano. Honorary ka papahelu la ia ia ka hope, e like me ka hele me kŰia i ka 1814.

I ka 1814 Charlz Bebbidzh mare Georgiana Whitmore. Kona makua kāne, no ka mea kumu, aole loa hoopomaikai ia. Ka ohana i noho ai me ka maluhia i loko o London, ma Devonshire Street, ola 5. wale nōʻekolu o lākou ewalu keiki e adulthood.

Makua Charles, kana wahine, a me kekahi o kāna mau keiki kāne make tragically i ka 1827.

kamepiula pāhana

I nā lā o Charles Babbage ma ka i ka ho omaulia o makemakika papa pinepine mākou e ka hewa, no laila, ua hoʻoholo e huli hou i kekahi papa hana i makemake hana ia mechanically, ke kāpaeʻana kanaka hewa. I ka manaʻo i hānau i loko o ia ia ma kona loa i kakahiaka nui, i ka 1812.

Ekoluʻokoʻa aʻe i alakaʻi ai i ka ae ana o ia i ka hooholo ana:

• la oia i i makemake carelessness a me ka inaccuracy;
• ka mea, ua maʻalahi pālākiō papa;
• ua hooeueuia e na hana ma ka helu ana machines W. Schickard, B. Pascal a me Leibniz mākou.

Walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka i ka ho omaulia ka manaʻo,ʻo ia kūkākūkā i loko o ka palapala, e Sir H. Davy i ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki 1822.

koena unuhi engine

Babbage hooku iho la ia mea, ua kapaʻia he "hookaawale engine", ka Royal Astronomical Society June 14, 1822 ma ka pepa noa i ka ' "Notes ma ka hoʻohana' ana o ka mīkini computation o Astronomical a me ka makemakika papa." He hiki ho omaulia polynomials ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka laulā iaoia kapaia ka like.

Society i aponoia i ka manao, a ma ka makahiki 1823 i ke aupuni ia ia £ 1,500 ma kona hale. Babbage i loko o kekahi o na keena o kona hale Workshop a hoʻolimalima Dzhozefa Klementa e kiaʻi i ka hana o ka noonoo o kanaka. Kēlā hapa i ia e hana hana lima me ke kōkua o kūikawā hana, he nui no i ka mea i ulu. Charles i ka hailona o ka huakaʻi hele i ka hanalima hana e maopopo pono ai ka? Iecaianoaaiiie keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ma muli o kēia huakaʻi, a me kona kino ka hoao ana i ka pili ana machines i ka makahiki 1832 Babbage paʻi i kekahi pepa "Ma o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka hana a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie." Ka mea, ua ka mua ka paʻi ana o ka ua i keia la i kapaia o " 'epekema hui o? Iecaianoaaiiuo."

Personal pōʻino, a me ka holo ana a hiki i Europa

ka wahine a Georgiana ka make, i ka makua kāne o kana keiki opiopio Charles Babbage a keʻakeʻa? ieoaeunoai i ka 1827. Jobs ikaika kaumaha aku la ia ia, a me ka ia i ua ma luna o ka verge o'opi. Dzhon Gershel a me kekahi mau 'ē aʻe hoa hoomaopopoia Babbage e i ka hele iʻEulopa, e MOKUNA LXI. He hele ma ka Netherlands, Pelekiuma, Germany, Italy, kipa kulanui a me ka hana mau.

Ma Italia, i ka mea i kohoia Lucasian Kumu o Balanced ma Kamepelika University ia i aʻo. Initially,ʻo ia makemake e haawi mai, akā, hoa, ke manao maopopo ia ano e ae paha. Ma kona hoʻi iʻEnelani i ka 1828, ua hoʻoneʻe i Dorset Street, 1.

o Keoni a

Iloko o ka wa e kaawale aku o Babbage ka koena unuhi Pake pāhana i hiki mai ma lalo o ke ahi. Na lono e ia i hoomaunauna aku ai i ke aupuni ke kala i ka mīkini 'Aʻole e holopono ana, a i ka mea makemake i ole he mea hiki ia ina mea i ua i. Dzhon Gershel a me ka Royal Society ua akea kokua i ka papahana. Ke aupuni hoʻomau kona kākoʻo ma ka haawi ana £ 1,500 April 29, 1829, 3,000 paona o Dekemaba 3, a me ka ia February 24, 1830. Hana i hoomau, akā, Babbage mau i hoopilikia mai ai i noho i ke kala mai i ka waihonakala.

Abandonment o ka papahana

Kālā pilikia o Charles Babbage coincided me ka aggravation o pāonioni me Kelemeneto. Babbage no kā lākou mau hale i kūkulu i-yoa? Iiai elua, 15-mika-lōʻihi Workshop. Ua i He aniani hale no ka kau iho, e like me fireproof maemae keena no ka papaa o ka mīkini. Clement hoole i ka neʻeʻana i loko o ka hou Shop, a ninau mai la i ke kala, e hele a puni ke kūlanakauhale, e kiaʻi i ka hana. Ma muli o Babbage kono aku la ia ia, e loaa uku 'ana mai o ka Waihona. Clement hoole, a oki iho la ka hana ma luna o ka papahana.

A, ia i hōʻole, e haawi aku no Nails a me na mea paahana, hoʻohana, e hana i ke koena unuhi Pake. Ma hope o hoʻokomo kālā £ 23.000, me £ 6,000 o ke kaulike Babbage, hana ma ka paʻa hapa lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe i papani ai hoi i ka makahiki 1834. He I ka 1842, i ke aupuni kauoha aku haalele i ka papahana.

Charlz Bebbidzh a me ka mākau Pake

Aole loa, mai ka inventor o ke koena unuhi Pake aʻu i ka hoʻomaka 'manao e pili ana i kona hoonui ae i palapala. Ma waena o 1833 a me 1842, Charles i ho'āʻo ana e kūkulu i ka mea e hiki ke hanaʻia e paka i kekahi i ka ho omaulia,ʻaʻole wale e pili ana i ka polynomial nā helu kaulike. Ka Ua Hopu mua mai la ia ia o kekah i ka auoiaea o ka nakeke ma kona manaʻo kōkua no ka hou pāʻoihana o nā helu kaulike. He hōʻike ka mea like me ka mīkini i "e ai i kona mau huelo." He i ole lawe loa e kuhikuhi i ka papa kuhikuhiE hehee wale o ka mākau engine.

Charles Babbage kamepiula e komoʻikepili a me nā ao ana e pili ana i ka mea e pono ai omaulia hoʻohana kuʻina pepa, aie mai ka Jacquard loom. Ka hoʻomākaukauʻia o lakou o nā māhele: ka mea wili palaoa a me ka pūnaewele. Mill, e like me ka unu lawelawe ana o ke kēia kamepiula, hana ana ma luna o nā 'ikepili i loaa mai, mai ka waihona, i hiki ke noʻonoʻo me iaiyoe. Ka mea, ua ke ao nei ka mua mau-manao kamepiula.

Kekahi polokalamu kamepiula, Charles Babbage i ke hoʻololi i ka 1835. I ka pālākiō o ka hana i io mea hiki ole. Babbage a me kekahi mau me kona kōkua i hana 500 nui manao Nails, 1,000 a lahilahi o ÿano hōʻailona a me nā wehewehena o ka 7,000 a lahilahi. Pau i ka mea wili palaoa i 4,6 m + kiʻekiʻe a me ka 1.8 ka m ma ka anawaena. Waho pūnaewele 100 huahelu hoopomaikai io ia i 7,6 m. No kā lākou hou mīkini kūkulu Babbage he uuku ho'āʻo apana. Loa mīkini i ole pau. I ka 1842, ma hope o hai pomaikai ole ka ho'āʻo 'ana e loaa ke aupuni hoʻolako' ia o, haliu aku la oia ia Sir Robert ihi. He hoole a me kahi i kaumaha aku ia ia i kekahiʻano koa. Babbage hoole. He hoʻomau i ka hoʻololi 'ana a me ka hoʻoikaika' ana i ka manao no na mea he nui makahiki e hiki mai ana.

Countess o Lovelace

Ma October 1842 Federiko Luidzhi, Italian nui a me ka mathematician, oia paʻi i ka 'atikala e pili ana i ka mākau Pake. Augusta'Ada King, Countess o Lovelace, he longtime hoaaloha o Babbage, unuhi i ka hana i loko o ka'ōlelo Pelekane. Charles kono ia, e hoʻolako i ka unuhi memo. Ma waena o 1842 a me ka 1843 hui i kahi hookahi, i kākau memo 7, o ka huina o ka loa o ka i meaʻekolu manawa i ka maoli ka nui o nā 'atikala. Ma kekahi o ia hoomakaukau Hell i ka papaʻaina o ke? Ia? Aiiu, a Babbage hana e hoʻomaulia Bernoulli helu. I kekahi, ua kakau iho la oia e pili ana i ka generalized algebraic mīkini i hiki ke hana ana me ka hōʻailona e like me ka helu. Lovelace ua paha ka mea mua, e hoʻomaopopo i kekahi mau pahuhopu o Babbage ka manaʻo, a me kekahi mau manaʻo ia ia ia i ke ao nei ka mua kamepiula programmer. Ua hoomaka ae la e hana ana ma luna o ka puke, hōʻike no ka mākau engine i hou au mamuli, akā, e mai i manawa e paa ai ia.

enekinia, hana mana

Ma waena o October 1846 a me March 1849 o Babbage hoʻomaka ke hoʻololi i ka lua koena unuhi o ka mīkini, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ike i loaaʻi, e ho okumu ana i kā lākou Ka Ikepili. Ua Ua hoʻohana wale 8000 na apana ekolu mau manawa e emi ma mua i loko o ka mua,. Ua ua i ka mana o ka 'enekinia.

Akä naÿe i ka Ka Ikepili, i ka mea, ua mau tweaked a Hoʻololi ', i ka lua o ka unuhi Pake ma hope o ka pau' ana o ka loiloi mua? Acaeoey pae unaltered. I ka wā e hiki mai, ka inventor i ole ho'āʻo e kūkulu i kekahi mea.

24 o ka unuhi i koe i loko o ka palapala o ka Museum o Science, a Charles Babbage manaʻo i hoʻokō i loko o 1985-1991, ka hanaia'na o ka piha-nui mea koe ma ka mea o ka 200th lā hoʻomanaʻo o kona hanau ana. Ana lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe i 3.4 ka m ma ka lōʻihi, 2.1 m + i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka 46 knm ma ka hohonu, a me kona kaupaona - 2,6 tons. Pololei palena i kaupalena 'ia nā loina i ke kō hiki i ka manawa.

e piʻi like

I ka 1824, lanakila 'Babbage ka Gold mekala o ka Royal Astronomical Society "no kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka mīkini no ka helu ana a me ka makemakika Astronomical papa".

Mai 1828 a hiki i 1839 Babbage ua Lucasian Kumu o Balanced ma Kamepelika. He Ua palapala no ka helu ana i iao? Periodicals, a ua komo i loko o ka hanaia'na o ka Astronomical Society i ka 1820 a me ke ana helu Society i ka 1834.

I ka makahiki 1837, ke paneʻana a hiki i ka 8 kūhelu Bridgewater hoonoho "Ma ka mana, ke akamai, a me ka lokomaikai o ke Akua i hoikeia ma ka Creation",ʻo ia paʻi i ka iwa o ka Bridgewater hoonoho ana aku i ka manao i ke Akua, ai ka omnipotence a me kilo, hana mai ke Akua ka 'Aha'ōlelo, ka hana kānāwai ( a me nā papahana) a laila, i ka mea kūpono manawa hana? ueony, hiki ke kāpaeʻana i ka pono, e hana i na hana mana i kela manawa pono e ho okumu hou? ueo. Ka puke kekahi mau excerpts mai ka mea kākau i ka palapala me ka John Herschel ma ke kumuhana.

Charlz Bebbidzh i loaʻa pepeiaohao nui i nā hualoaʻa ma ka cryptography. He wawahi i ka cipher mīkini; e like me ka mea nawaliwali cipher i ua manawa ike i ka Vigenère cipher. Opening Babbage ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia e ke koa Pelekāne, a ua paʻiʻia wale nō he mau makahiki. E like me ka hopena, i ka pono, e primacy hooholoia i Frederick Kasiski, ka poe i hele mai i ka ua mea he mau makahiki hope.

I ka 1838 Babbage invented puteochistitel, metala maoli i ua pili i ka mua o ka locomotive, e ho'āpono wale nā pilikia, mai ke alanui. He i paa i ka helu o nā haʻawina o ka Great Western alahao Isambard Brunel Kingdoma.

He wale nō manawa, ho'āʻo e komo kālai'āina ia i ka makahiki 1832ʻo ia i loko o ka ke koho 'ana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Finsbury. Ma hope o ke koho balota, Babbage i ka hope wahi.

Mathematician a me ka inventor, make iho la o Okatoba 18, 1871 ma ka makahiki o ka 79 makahiki.

Māhele o ka paʻa hapa hooponopono o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe hanaiaʻi e ia ia e loaʻa, e kipa i ka Science Museum ma Lādana. I ka makahiki 1991 ka mea i kukulu likeʻole Pake ma luna o ke kumu o kona palapala manao, a me ka mea, ho'āʻo o pono loa.