Radix. Kumu nepozitsionnyh helu nenoai

helu nenoaiu - He aha ka mea? E like me ka ike i ka pane ana i keia mea, o kela mea o ko mākou pono i loko o kou ola ke nânâ i numeration nenoai, a aole i ike e pili ana ia. Ia ka leo o ka pono, i loko o ka Plural! I mea ole i kekahi, akā, kekahi mau. Mamua o ka haawi ana examples nepozitsionnyh o Straub, e nānā mai iā mākou i kēia pukana, e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i positional nenoai, no hoi.

Ka nele i ka mooolelo

Mai ka wā kahiko, kanaka i ka pono, e holo, i mea intuitively lii ia oe pono e somehow ka hoike i ka laupaʻi nānaina o nā mea a pau a me nā hanana. ia oe pono e hoʻohana 'ikamu i ka helu i ka lolo'ōlelo oe. I ka loa i ka pono mau i kona mau manamana lima, a me keia mea maopopo, no ka mea, ua mau loaʻa (me ka mau, koe).

Mea i ka hoa kahiko o ka kanaka lāhui kanaka e kona i kona manamana lima i loko o ka literal ano - Kû ke i ka helu o ka poe make mammoths, no ka laʻana. Na inoa o na hoike oihana mua i ole nei, akā, wale i ka pilikia makapō kiʻi, he hoʻohālike.

Hoikehonua, positional helu kahua

Numeral System - he iaoia (kaʻina) hooluolu laupaʻi Hawaiʻi a me nā mea ma kekahi mau huapalapala (palapala a me huapalapala).

E hoʻomaopopo i ka positional nepozitsionnyh a me ke kēpau ma mua haawi examples nepozitsionnyh helu nenoai. Positional helu nenoaiu hoʻonoho. Ano, i ka hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā kula like penei: ka aeaie (nā' elua wale nui eiiiiiaiou: 0 a me 1) Senary (ka helu o nā huapalapala - 6), octal (huahelu - 8) duodecimal (umikumamalua huapalapala), HEX (nāʻumikumamāono nā huapalapala). Kēlā me kēia lalani o huapalapala i loko o nā nenoai hoomaka ma Aʻohe. Hoikehonua, kamepiula enehana ma muli ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o aeaie kivila - ka aeaie positional notation.

Kekimala helu'ōnaehana

Positional o ke alo i ka loli iki ana degere o ka nui nā kūlana hana, a i ke aupuni 'o ka helu hoailona. He ua aho ia manaʻo ma ka kekimala helu nenoaiu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua maʻa mākou iā ia, mai kamaliʻi. Na hoailona ma keia'ōnaehana heʻumi: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. E lawe oe i ka helu 327. He ekolu huahelu 3, 2, 7. kēlā o ia kahi ma kona kulana ( wahi). ʻEhiku lawe i ka oihana ia a hiki i ka hookahi cia (huahelu), deuce - ōlaʻi, a me ka Triple - haneri. Mai ka huahelu-ekolu helu, nolaila, E hoʻonoho ia wale ekolu.

Ma muli o ka luna, hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka huahelu-ekolu kekimala helu like penei: ekolu haneri, a me ka iwakalua-ehiku iniha, kapuaʻi. A me ka manaʻo nui (nui) wahi helu mai ka hema i ka akau, mai ka nawaliwali wahi (pa alima) i ka ikaika (haneri).

Mākou, ua nui loa oluolu manaʻo nei ke i loko o ka kekimala positional helu nenoaiu. Mākou i loko o ka lima o ka umi manamana lima ma luna o ko lakou mau wawae - like hoʻi. Five hua hoʻohuiʻelima - no laila, mahalo i na manamana, ua eaaei hoi i noonoo ai i ka wā kamaliʻi mai o na umi. I mea no ke aha la he mea oluolu no na keiki e aʻo i ka multiplicationʻaina o elima a me ka umi. A no laila, oluolu e aʻo i ka helu banknotes, i mea pinepine o kekahi mau ( 'o ia hoʻi puunaueia me kekahi koena) o elima a me ka umi.

Other positional helu kahua

I ke kahaha ko oukou naau o na mea he nui, e pono e olelo mai ia,ʻaʻole wale nō mākou lolo ua maʻa i ka hana i kekahi helu ma kekimala helu nenoaiu. Hiki i keia manawa, kanaka a pau hoʻohana Senary a me Duodecimal. Ia mea, i loko o kēia nenoaiu, heʻeono wale nō huapalapala (i loko o Senary): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. I ko lakou umikumamalua duodecimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , a, B, kahi a - o ka helu 10, - i ka helu 11 (mai ka hoailona e e kekahi).

Hoopai aku no oe ia oe iho. manaʻo mākou i ka manawa eono, ua ole ia? Hoʻokahi hola - kanaono minuke (kanaono), i kekahi lā - ka mea, he iwakalua-kumamaha hora (mau manawa he umikumamalua) makahiki - malama he umi kumamalua, a no laila, ma luna o ... a pau manawa kau wawe ka pono i loko o six- a me ka duodecimal loa. Akā, ke i laila, hoʻohana 'ia ia, ua mai i manaʻo ma ka heluhelu manawa.

Nonpositional helu nenoaiu. unary

Oe Pono e hoʻoholo ka mea ia mea - nepozitsionnyh helu nenoaiu. Kēia mea e like me ka symbolic'ōnaehana, ma a he mea ole kulana no ka helu o nā huapalapala, a me ka loina o "heluhelu" o ke kūlana mea kuokoa. Ua hoʻi i kona mau komo rula a me nā helu.

Eia nā helu kekahi examples nepozitsionnyh nenoai. E ka hele hoʻi i ka wa kahiko. Mea hoʻohana pono i ka mooolelo, a hele mai ia me ka loa alodio hana mea hou i hana muaʻole - nodules. Nonpositional helu nenoaiu mea nodular. Kekahi kumuhana (ka laiki eke, bipi, haystack , etc.) i heluia, no ka laʻana, ka wā kūʻai a kuai, a nakinakiʻia knot i loko o ke kaula.

E like me ka hopena, i ke kaula, i loaʻa like na knots, pehea ka nui i mau aa moni o ka laiki i kuai ai (me ka laʻana). Akā, ka mea i hiki ia he notch ma luna o ka laau koʻokoʻo ma luna o ka pōhaku slab, etc. Kēia helu'ōnaehana i ka inoa o Lumpy. Ua loaʻa i ka lua o ka inoa - unary, a hookahi ( "uno" ma Romaʻano "kekahi").

Ua i akaka i ka helu nenoaiu - nepozitsionnyh. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, e pili ana i ka oihana keia oihana i ke kamailio e pili ana ia ia (kulana) hoʻokahi wale nō! Ironically, ma kekahi mau wahi o ka Honua mea nō i loko o vogue nepozitsionnyh unary helu nenoaiu.

No hoi e nepozitsionnyh helu'ōnaehana nā:

• Roma (no ka palapala helu i hoʻohana palapala - he Roma huapalapala);
• Makamua Aigupita (e like me ka Roma, i kekahi hoʻohana hōʻailona);
• Hawaiʻi (hoʻohana 'ia palapala o ka Hawaiʻi);
• Babylonian (cuneiform - hoʻohana kauoha a me ka prevernuty "auka");
• Greek (i haawiia e like me ka'ōlelo Hawaiʻi).

Ke Roma numeral'ōnaehana

Makamua Roman aupuni a pau, e like me kona 'epekema, ua nui loa e holumua ai. Na Romans i ke ao nei i na mea pono keia mau hana o ka 'epekema a me ka akamai, a me kona mooolelo nenoaiu. Elua haneri makahiki aku nei, Roman numerals i hoʻohana 'ia e Kû ke na dala o ka pāʻoihana palapala (pela ae ho'āʻo ana counterfeit).

Roma numerals - hoʻohālike nonpositional helu'ōnaehana, ka mea, ua ike ia mai kēia manawa. Roma'ōnaehana i 'Imi hoʻohana', akā,ʻaʻole no ka makemakika ho, a no ka haka hoʻomāka hana. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana Roma numerals e Kû ke mōʻaukala nā lā, kenekulia, ka leo nui, pauku, a me nā mokuna ma ka puke paʻi puke. Pinepine i hoʻohana no ka mea hoʻonani o Roma na hoailona o ka mea hoike dekere o ka hola. A me ke kumu o Roma numerals nonpositional radix.

Na Romans i koho helu palapala o ka Lakina Hawaiʻi. A me ka helu o ia i kākauʻia e kekahi mau rula. Aia o kekahi papa inoa o nā kī huapalapala ma ka Roma numeral'ōnaehana, ma ka mea o lakou i kākau i nā helu, me ka a koe.

Na rula o ka unuhi aku la ia i ka helu

Ua koi 'ia ka helu ua loaa mai ma ka pepa huapalapala (Roma palapala) a me ka helu ana i ko lakou huina. E hoomanao i pehea symbolically i kākau me na hoailona hoi ma ka Roma'ōnaehana, a pehea e pono e e "heluhelu". E helu i ka walaʻauʻana kānāwai o ka ho okumu ana o na helu i loko o ka Roma numeral'ōnaehana nonpositional.

1. Ka helu eha - IV, ua haku o nā huapalapala (I, V - hoʻokahi a me elima). Ua Ua loaa ma ka unuhi i ka puu uuku hoailona o ka hou ina oia kū i ka hema. A hiki i ka puu uuku hoailona mea ma ka akau, ia mea pono, e hoʻouka hou aku au, alaila, loaa ka helu eono - VI.
2. He mea pono e hookui mau'ālike ka hoailona e ku kokoke. No kekahi laʻana: SS - He 200 (C - 100) a me ka XX - 20.
3. Inā mea emi mai ma mua o ka lua o ka mea mua ano helu, i ke kolu o ka hopena ua i ia ka hōʻailona o kona mau waiwai nei no uuku ma mua o ka mea mua. E pale ka hilahila, ke haawi aku i kekahi laʻana penei: CDX - 410 (kekimala).
4. Kekahi o ka mea nui loa ke hoʻokū 'ia ma naʻano likeʻole, i mea kekahi o na downsides o ka Roma helu nenoaiu. Eia examples kekahi mea: - = 1995 (kekimala'ōnaehana) a MDVD = 1000 + 500 + (500 - 5) MVM (Roma'ōnaehana) = 1000 + (5 1000) = 1995. A i ka ole a pau mau aoao.

makemakika ia paena

Nepozitsionnyh helu nenoaiu - keia mea kekahi manawa he luna 'kau ana o na rula no ka ho okumu i nui, kā lākou aaioee (ana ma luna o ia). Makemakika ana ma nepozitsionnyh helu nenoai - mea i oluolu i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kanaka. Mākou e Mai huāhuā i ka Roma mathematicians!

Kumu hou. E ka ho'āʻo e hui mau huahelu: XIX + XXVI = XXXV, keia i ka hanaia ua hana i loko o nāʻanuʻu:

1. Ka mua - a lawe i ka liʻiliʻi ke ano o ka helu hoʻonui i: IX + VI = XV (I V a me au ma hope o mua X "kill me" kekahi i kekahi).
2. Lua - hoʻohui i nui mahele o na helu elua: X + XX = XXX.

Subtraction ua hana kekahi hou huikau. Ho'ēmi i kā ka helu o ke koi 'ia kēia mahae i loko o kona constituent hehee wale, a ma ia hope emi a subtracts e emiʻia kekahi mau mea hōʻailona. O ka 500 unuhi 263:

D - CCLXIII = CCCCLXXXXVIIIII - CCLXIII = CCXXXVII.

Multiplication Roma numerals. Ma ke ala, e mea pono i ka hōʻike i ole i ka Roma, i hoailona arifmetichekih ana, ka mea wale olelo no ia.

Multiplicand hoonui i ka helu pono ai no kēlā me kēia Palapala multiplier hōʻailona, oia ke launa mau liilii e pono e e pelupelu ia. Ma keia ano paka i ka multiplication o polynomials.

Me ka pili ana i ka mahele, i ke kaʻina hana ma ka Roma numeral'ōnaehana ua a me no mea i ka loa pilikia. A laila, pili i ka mea kahiko Romaʻai - abacus. E hana pela i hoomakaukauia ka poe kanaka me ia, (aʻaʻole i hiki ke aʻo i ka 'epekema kela kanaka).

Ma na hewa nepozitsionnyh nenoai

I haiia ae maluna,, eia drawbacks, he leo ma ka hoʻohana nepozitsionnyh helu nenoai. Unary mea puni lawa no ka mea mooolelo, akā, makemakika a me ka luna 'ho, ia mea,ʻaʻole e pono i nā mea a pau.

I Rome loaʻa nā ole makaainana rula no ke kahua o ka nui loa, a aia no i kaʻai, a me ia mea loa paʻakikī i ka ho. Eia hou, loa nui helu, i hiki ke palapalaia e ka Roma me ke kōkua o kona ano, he 100.000.