Omaka ka paʻi palapala ma Rusia

Omaka Pai ma Rusia, i ka lā o ka i i nei lilo i ke kumuhana o ka hoopaapaa, ua ana pili i nā inoa o Ivan Fedorov a me Petr Mstislavets ia ma luna o nā kauoha o Tsar Ivan IV hoʻokumu i loko o ka palena o ka Kremlin ka mea mua Lūkini pai ana i ka hale.

Ma keia manawa i loko o Western Europe, pai ana i ua lilo loa commonplace: ma hope o Johannes Gutenberg ma ka hapalua like XV kenekulia invented, pehea la e hiki ai oe i rewrite i ka puke ma ka lima, a e kakau ia mau mea ma luna o kūikawā machines, pai ana iʻikeʻia i loko o na meleʻEulopa kulanakauhale. Typography no ka mea o ka poʻeʻEulopa ua nui: no ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai? Acaeoey hui me kaʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana holomua makemake ua i wale hiki ole me kamaʻilio akula i ka pono no ka pūnaewele a me ka EYI o ka 'ike.

Typography i loko o Rusia i kekahi mau'ē aʻe; elue. Here pai ana he pono, mua o nā mea a pau, ma ka mea e ideologically, hooikaika mai la i ka mana mau loa aku-mahuahua o ka autocrat, a me ka Orthodox Church. I ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o nā puke o ka haipule kohoʻia i, ma ka manao Ivana Groznogo, 'aʻole wale e unify a pau i ka ekalesia buke, noho pakele o ka halaʻana,ʻikeʻia heretical neʻe, akā, no hoi e hana i ka pono ideological kumu no ka hoʻonohoʻia o Rusia me ka mana nui.

Omaka ka paʻi palapala ma Rusia ke hoala mai i ka helu o nä nïnau. Mua, i nāʻoihana aliʻi olelo o Ivan Fedorov a me ka mea mua pai ka loa unclear a me ka vague. No hoi, ma ka palapala o Ivana Groznogo i oleloia ma ka pili ana i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo o puke kanaka e like Marusha Nefedʻev a me Vasyuk Nikiforov, lāliʻi o ka i mea e ike. XIX.ʻikepili 'ana e pili ana i Ivan Fedorov a me Peter Mstislavets iloko o loko o nā hana o ke XVII kenekulia mamua.

ʻO ka lua, ina ka pai kaomi i loko o Rusia ua ana pili me ka OAAIeOO ma Moscow i ka 1564, o ka puke "Ka lunaolelo", ia mea nō ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia i loko o ke kula o ka Hawaii o kakaolelo loaa i ka buke, a, e like me ka hoike ma ka hou ninaninau, i pai ia ma Moscow mamua i ia lā. ʻepekema i laila, a hiki hōʻike 'ehiku ia mau buke, ekolu o ka Four Gospels, Halelū, a me elua mau-Lenten Triodion.

Ekolu, wahi a ka hailona e pili ana i mua Fedorov ma Moscow a me nā kūlanakauhale o ka Lūkini haku, ka oi o na monasteries, a i hoao e hana i kekahi puka Shop e kakau haipule puke ma laila. Ma keia paiia ana o ka lehulehu ākea i lawe ma ia mea ua nui kupono, eia nae ka mea e like ai o ka hana a na lau, e ka makemake nui.

E like me ka oihana mōʻaukala, ka hoʻomaka o ka paʻi palapala ma Rusia no i ka kūikawā nuʻukia e Ivan Grozny ma ka huipūʻana me ka Kauhalenui Macarius haawi Ivan Fedorov. E hooko i kēia mandate hoomaka hope April 19, 1563, a ma hope o waleʻaneʻane o ka makahiki, March 1, 1564, ka mea paʻi i ka mua "lunaolelo". ʻO ka pono o kēia puke ma na aoao he nui i oi i kā lākou mau haole counterparts, akā, i ka holo i ua'āina i kaupalena '. A makahiki hope, Fedorov a me Mstislavets paʻiʻia ma Moscow "pule", ma hope i ka mea i kiola i haʻalele ma Rzeczpospolita, a hana i ka hou pai ana i kaomi, a hua mai la i ka mea mua i paiia "ABC."

Fedorov haʻalele Moscow ma hope, i kana hana i loko o ka Lūkini kapikala hoomauia Nikifor Tarasievym a me ia Anederoniko, i kuu "Halelu" i ka 1568. I loko nō lawe hou i hiki mai ai ke ahi a loa luku i ka hale pai, hanalima puke? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina hana hiki ole ke wawahiia. Rusia Ua neʻe steadily ma ke alanui o ka mālamalama.

Omaka Pai ma Rusia, hoʻowahāwahā i ka hoike i ka lā hoopaapaa ana a me kekahi mau ano, ka mea, ua lilo ia i mea nui i milestone i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou'āina. E pili ana i ka Moscow ka paʻi palapala no ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo o puke ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia ka nui lehulehu hoihoi i loko o literate kanaka, a hana i nā preconditions no ka mea hou kūpono 'ana o ke aupuni.