Slavic Hawaii. I ka ho okumu ana o Slavic Hawaii. Kona hae aloha Slavic Hawaii

Ka moolelo mai nei i ka mea mua Slavic moku'āina i waho i loko o ka manawa, i hana ia V kenekulia BC. A puni keia manawa, no ka Slavs E neʻe i ai i na kapa o ka Dnieper muliwai. Ua ua iʻaneʻi i ka mea, i maheleia i mau mōʻaukala lālā: Hawaiianʻo Balkan. Hawaiian ohana i noho ai ma ka Dnieper, a me ka Balkans - Ua noho ka Balkan Peninsula. Slavic Hawaii i loko o ke ao nei i keia la kūlana 'he nui ?? eoi? MaʻEulopa a me Asia. Kanaka e noho ana i loko o ia mau mea, e lilo ana i emi like i kekahi i kekahi, akā, he pono ole aa hiki i na mea a pau - mai na mooolelo a me ka olelo i ka mea a ianoiyuaa a kaila kau, e like me ka mentality.

I ka ninau o ka hanana o statehood i waena o ka Slavs no na makahiki excitesʻepekema. E kau aku i ka hailona o theories, kela mea keia mea o ka a i ole e devoid o ke kūpili. Akā, e hana i keia manao, e mea pono no ka ike a me ma ka liʻiliʻi loa walaʻauʻana.

E like me, kū aʻela ka moku'āina, mai ka Slavs: ka mea mahuʻi i ka Varangians

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka statehood o na Slavs kahiko i loko o kēia mau mea, i nā kānakaʻepekema nō kāu hilinai aku maluna o kekahi mau theories, a au makemake makemake e noonoo. Ka loa, he pono ole mana ano i ka wa a ka mua Slavic moku'āina, ua manaoia e e Norman a Varangian kumumanaʻo. Ua lae ma ka pau 'ana o ke kenekulia XVIII ma Germany. Nā Mamua a me ideological inspirers he mau Kelemāniaʻepekema: Teopilo Siegfried Bayer (1694-1738) a me Gerhard Friedrich Müller (1705-1783).

I ko lakou manao, i ka mōʻaukala o ka Slavic Huipuia, a me Norman he Nordic kumu ae. Kēia hopena pundits i hana ai, ua nānā aʻo i ka "nui o Bygone Nam" - na opus kahiko i hanaʻia e ka möneka Nestor. Aia maoli o ka loulou, i hana ia 862, o ka makahiki, i ka mea i ka mea kahiko Slavic ohana (krivichi, Chud a me Slovenes) kapaʻia i loko o ko lakou mau aina ma ka noho alii ana o ka Varangian aliʻi. Ostensibly, maluhiluhi o ka pau ole internecine hakaka a me ka enemi ho'āhewa wale mai ka waho, he mau Slavic ohana hoʻoholo ihola e hui pu iho ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka Noremana, i noʻonoʻo i ia manawa i ka loa inā pilikia ka haumāna a me ka holomua maʻEulopa.

I nā lā kahiko i loko o ka ulu ana o kekahi lehulehu hoʻonaʻauao koa hana o kona alakaʻi ua he makakoho kiʻekiʻe ma mua o hoʻokele waiwai. A ma ka ikaika a me ka hoao ana o ka akau lokomaikai o ua i kanalua. Lākou hakakā hao wale hoi i hahai i kokoke pau ka noho māhele oʻEulopa. Paha, me ka nānā 'kuhikuhi koa i ka pomaikai, e like me ka Noremana kumumanaʻo, ke kahiko Slavs, a hoʻoholo, e kono aku i ke aupuni o ka Varangian aliʻi.

Ma ke ala, i ka inoa iho - Rusia, allegedly lawe like i ka Noremana aliʻi. Nestor ke kakaolelo i kēia wahiʻano maopopo hoikeia ma ka laina "... a loaʻa hoahanau ekolu me ko lākou mauʻohana, a me ia i nā mea a pau Rus '. Naʻe, i ka olelo hope i loko o kēia pōʻaiapili, e like me na mea he nui moʻolelo, ho hou aku kaua paukū, i loko o nā hua'ōlelo - ka 'oihana koa. Ua mea i ke kumukuai o uaʻike nō ia i ka Noremana luna, e like me ka rula, ua he maopopo kaawale ana ma waena o Kivila, a me ka koa mua nōhie poe i i kekahi manawa kapaia "Kirch". Ma na olelo e ae, e hiki ke ea i ka hoʻoneʻe i nā aliʻiʻekolu a hiki i ka aina o ka Slavs,ʻaʻole wale nō me ka kaua kauna, akā, no hoi me ka kiʻekiʻe-kaha mau ohana. Like i loko o kaʻike mau kaua patrol hoahanau ehiku e ole, ma lalo o kekahi ana, ia mea hoike o ke kūlana o ka hanana. Norman luna o na ohana maliu mai i ka noi 'ana i ka palena mamao koʻikoʻio, a hoʻokumu i kakahiaka nui Slavic Hawaii.

"I hea i hele aku i ka aina Lūkini"

Kekahi hana hoihoi kumumanaʻo mea i ka loa manaʻo o "Vikings" ke ano i loko o ka wā kahiko Rusia i he 'oihana koa. Keia hoike hookahi manawa hou i ka mea i na Slavs kahiko kumu pili e like ma militarized alakaʻi. E like me ka pähola 'o Kelemāniaʻepekema, a ua muli ma ka buke o nāʻoihana a Nestor, he Varangian luna noho kokoke Lake Ladoga, a me ka lua o ka noho ma luna o nā kapa o ke White Lake, ke kolu - ma Izoborsk. Ma hope iho o kēia mau hana, e like me ke kakaolelo, a me ka hana i ka mua Slavic Hui Pūʻia, a me ka aina collectively i kapa e like me ka aina Lūkini.

Hou i loko o kona chronicle Nestor, haʻi lākou i ke kaʻao o ka hanana a mahope aliʻi ohana o ka Rurik. Ua ua Rurik, na luna o ka Slavic Huipuia, a he poe mamo lakou o ka loa kaʻaoʻekolu aliʻi. Ka mea hiki ke wahi no hoi a hiki i ka mea mua "kālai'āina alakaʻi waiwai" kahiko Slavic Hawaii. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka conditional "hoʻokumuʻo makua kāne", mana i hooholoia i kona pili o ka hanauna, Oleg, ka mea ma ka hana malu a me ka bribery lanakila Kiev, a laila, hui i ka Akau a me Hema Rusia i loko o ka hoʻokahi moku'āina. Mamuli o ke kauoha Nestor ka hiki i ka 882 ko ka makahiki. I hiki ke ike mai i ka mooolelo, moku'āina ho okumu i ukuia a hiki i ka holomua "mawaho e hooponopono" Vikings.

Russian - owai la keia?

Eia naʻe,ʻepekema mea no arguing e pili ana i ka mea maoli ke kanaka, o na kanaka no laila, i kapaʻia. Norman kumumanaʻo adherents manaʻo i ka hua'ōlelo "Rus" hele mai, mai ka Pinilana hua'ōlelo "ruotsi", a no ka Finns i kapa aku ai i ka Swedes i loko o ka IX kenekulia. Mea mea no hoi ka mea ana i ka hapanui o ka Lūkini elele poe e noho ana i loko o Byzantium i Scandinavian inoa: Charles, Iengeld, Farlof, Veremund. Mau inoa i ua kākau i loko o ka aelike me ka Byzantine aupuni a pau, i hana ia 911- 944 makahiki. A me ka mea mua luna o Rusia, he hoʻokahi wale nō Scandinavian inoa - Igor, Olga, Rurik.

Kekahi o nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē loa nui i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka Noremana kumumanaʻo o ka mea ka Slavic moku'āina, ua manaoia e lilo i ka olua i Russian ma ka Western "Bertinskih moʻolelo." Aia i loko o pau kaulana i ka 839-makahiki Byzantine Auguseto hoouna aku la i olelo i kona mau Frankish colleague Louis I. Ka'aheʻelele i komo laʻelaʻe 'ia o ka "la i na kanaka." ʻO lalo laina o ia Louis ka haipule manao ia "Rusia" - ka mea, o ka Swedes.

Ma ka 950 la makahiki o ka Byzantine Emperor Konstantin Bagryanorodny , i loko o kona puke "Ma ka hooponopono ana o ke aupuni a pau," I aku la ia i kekahi o ka mea kaulana inoa o ka Dnieper rapids i wale nō Scandinavian kumu ae. Eia hoi, he nui Muslim kaʻahele a me geographers i loko o kā lākou mau opuses pili ana i ka IX-X kenekulia, maopopo kaawale "tiers" o ka Slavs "Sakaliba". A pau kēia mau kūʻiʻo, ohi pu, kokua ma ka German nä känaka 'epekema kūkulu i ka ai-i kapaia o Norman pähola e pili ana i kekahi Slavic Hawaii.

Patriotic pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ka moku'āina

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ideologist o ka lua o ka kumumanaʻo o ka Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Slavic pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ka moku'āina ua i kapaia "autochthonous kumumanaʻo." Këia i ka Norman kumumanaʻo, Lomonosov ike flawed i loko o ka hoopaapaa ana o Kelemāniaʻepekema e pili ana i ka hikiʻole o ka Slavs a hiki i ka pakiko-hui, a alakai ai i ka mawaho mana maiʻEulopa. A oiaio patriot, MV Lomonosov kapaʻia i loko o nīnau ka pau kumumanaʻo, hoʻoholo 'ana e noiʻi i keia mōʻaukala nane ia ia iho. Over manawa, ka mea i hana i ka ai-kapaia Slavic pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ka moku'āina, ma muli o ka piha hōʻole o ka "Noremana,".

No laila, aha mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE ee alakai na defenders o ka Slavs? Ke kumu nui i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi o ka assertion i ka inoa "Rus" ua etymologically i pili i ka Novgorod kahiko a me Ladoga. Ua pili, e aho, i Ukraine (i loko o 'ana, ka Middle Dnieper). Like maopopo nō i nā inoa o nā Reservoir aia i loko o ka wahi kahiko - Ros, Roos, Rostavitsa. Këia i ka Suria "Ecclesiastical History," unuhi Zachary rhetorician, Slavic kumumanaʻo adherents loaʻa i olelo ai e pili ana i na kanaka i kapaia Hros ole "Rus". Mau ohana i noho ai e ka hema o Kiev. Ua hana ia ka palapala i ka 555, o ka makahiki. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, nā hanana i i ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o laila, ua Ua lōʻihi ma mua o ka Scandinavian.

Kekahi mea LIKE-i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi ua noʻonoʻo pono a me iki o Rusia ma ke kahiko Norse sagas. Ka mea, Ua paila i loa ai ka hailona, a me ka mea, ma ka mea, ua nānā lākou a pau nā loina Lāhui laekahi Scandinavian'āina. ʻO paakiki ole e pili ana me ka olelo o ka poe kakaolelo, ka poe i olelo ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka mahele mua o ka pokole mōʻaukala sagas pono i ka palena ikiʻaoʻao pale o ia mau hanana. Scandinavian inoa o ka elele, ka mea i hilinaʻi ma luna o nā kākoʻo o ka Noremana kumumanaʻo, hoi, ka pakeneka hoʻokahi haneri mai i ke koho 'ia i ka aupuni o na nā mea hōʻoia. E like me ka moʻolelo, ka Kuekeneʻelele hiki loa pono ho i nā aliʻi Lūkini i loko o ke kaawale ana'āina.

Noʻonoʻo loi o Norman kumumanaʻo

Ole a me ka hoike ana ma ka moku'āina o ka Scandinavians. Ka mea i loko o ka wā i loko o nīnau, ka Scandinavian Huipuia, e like me ka mea i ole nei. Kēia mea e hookomo ana i ka maikaʻi nui o ka skepticism i ka Vikings - ka mea, o ka mua luna o ka Slavic Hawaii. He olelo lealea i malihini Scandinavian luna, me ka nana i ka hana ana o kona mau mana, e hoʻoponopono i kekahi mea i loko o nā'āina'ē.

Academician Boris Rybakov, kamailio e pili ana i ke kumu o ka Noremana kumumanaʻo,ʻia maila kona mau manao e pili ana i ka mau mākaukau o ka poe ikaika ole Contemporary moʻolelo, ka poe manaoio, no ka mea hoike, i ka hoʻololi o kekahi mau ohana ma na aina e hana preconditions no ka hooulu ana o ka moku'āina, a no kekahi mau makahiki. I mea, i ke kaʻina o nā kahua a me ka statehood hiki hope no kenekulia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mōʻaukala kumu ma luna a me ka Kelemānia kākau moʻolelo, poino loa na inaccuracies.

Slavic Hawaii, e like me Nestor i ke kakaolelo, i hanaʻia ma luna nō oʻumi makahiki. Pinepine, oia equates na Mamua a me ka mana, ke kūapoʻana i ka manaʻo. Poe akamai i manaʻo i ka mea, ua wehewehe ia discrepancies mythological noʻonoʻo o Nestor. No ia mea, categorical hoike ana o kona chronicle ka loa kanalua.

Aʻano o nā theories

Kekahi noteworthy pähola 'o ka muli o ke statehood i kahiko Rus kapa'Ilana-Slavic. E like me ia, i ka manawa o ke kahua o na Hawaii mua, he mau lālā o ka Slavs. Kekahi, oia ka i kapaia ka Rus-Obodrits paha rugi, noho iho la ma ka aina o kaʻikena Hawaii. Kekahi i noho ai i loko o ka Black Sea māhele 'āina, a i kona kumu, mai na ohana'Ilana a me Slavic. Ka hoʻohui o kēia mau "wale nō" o na kanaka, e like me ke kumumanaʻo, e hana i hookahi Slavic moku'āina Rus.

Mea kuhiakau, a i hope hoʻolaha ai i ke kumumanaʻo i manaoia Academician o NASU V. Sklyarenko. E like me ia, i ka Novgorodians hoopii i ka Varangians-Balts, i i kapaia ka Rus a Ruthenium. Kaʻia "Ruthenians" hele mai, mai na kanaka, kekahi o ka Celtic ohana, i loko o ke kahua o ka Slavic lāhui pūʻulu ma ka mokupuni o Rügen hapa. Eia hou, e like me ka academician, i kaʻoi loa o ka manawa au ua ola Black Sea Slavic ohana, kona mau mamo, he Zaporozhye Cossacks. Kēia kumumanaʻo ua kapaia - Celtic-Slavic.

E huli no kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai

It E e kaulana ia mai ka manawa i ka manawa o ka poe kalepa-mua aʻe nei o ka pähola 'ana o ka Slavic moku'āina ho okumu. He kēia mana o ka i manaoia Lūkini moʻolelo V. Klyuchevskii. E like me ia, i ka Slavic Hawaii e noho ana i ka loa paa kulanakauhale i ka manawa. I ka mea, waiho iho la i ke kumu o ke kalepa, a me ka hanalima kālai'āina ē aʻei kūpono. A, e like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo, ua ola "hoʻokiwikā mau mea", a ua uuku na Hawaii.

Mahele pili aupuni a me ka moku'āina kino i ka manawa, he mau loa militant Noremana na'lii, haawiia keia i loko o ka Noremana kumumanaʻo. E like me ia Kliuchevskoi,ʻo ia ka hoʻokuʻi pū o ka ikaika hoʻokiwikā conglomerates a me nā koa me ka ho okumu Vikings kūpono i loko o ke kahua o Slavic Hawaii (6 papa kula kāhea aku a ke kēia moku'āina o Kievan Rus '). Kēia kumumanaʻo, i Koi ikaika a me ka Ukrainian moʻolelo A. Efimenko a me I. Krypiakevych, i kapaʻia Slavic-Varangian. Ua Ua iki hoolauleaia Orthodox 'elele nāʻaoʻao.

I ka huli, Academician Vernadsky kekahi ninau i ka Noremana kumu o ka Slavs. E like me ia, i ke kahua o ka Slavic Hawaii o ka hikina ohana e e noʻonoʻo i loko o ka "Rus" - i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Kuban. Academician manaoio aku i ka Slavs loaʻa i kēia inoa, mai ka inoa kahiko "Roksolana" a me ka malamalama Alans. I ka 60-ies o XX kenekulia Ukrainian archaeologist DT Berezovets? Aaei noʻonoʻo Russ Alanian heluna kanaka pallets. I kēia lā, ka mea, o keia kuhiakau ua hoi e noonoo pono a me Ukrainian Halau o Sciences.

Aia mea ole ia mau lāhui pūʻulu - Slavs

'Amelika Kumu O.Pritsak i manaoia he loa okoa hoʻokolohua o ka mea ma ka moku'āina Slavic, a me ka mea - i. Ua ua i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kekahi o na luna hypotheses, a i kona mau Logical manawa. E like me ia Pritsak, Slavs me ka mea i ole nei i lāhui a me nā aupuni kai. Ka aina ma i i hana Kievan Rus, ua Ua he crossroads o ka oihana, a kalepa? Ooia ma waena o East a me West. kanaka e noho kēia mau wahi a pau i ka ano o ke koa-poʻe kālepa i hoakaka ia e malu ai no ka kalepa huakaʻi o nā poʻe kālepa, a ua lako pono i loko o kaʻaoʻao o kona ukana.

Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka mōʻaukala o ka Slavic Huipuia ma muli o kekahi mau oihana, a me kou kaiāulu o nā pono o nā 'elele o kekahi kanaka. He ka hoʻololi kemikala o nomads a me pirates ua a lailaʻike kumu o ka wā e hiki mai ana. Muli o kona kulana controversial kumumanaʻo, o ka oi aku ia oe i manao ia mea, ua kau aku i nä känaka 'epekema noho i loko o ka'āina, kona mōʻaukala hele hoʻi māhunehune 200 makahiki.

E kū'ē iā ia harshly nema aku ma na mea he nui Lūkini a me ka Ukrainian moʻolelo, nona ka inoa i jarred wale - "Volga -. Lūkini Khanate" E like me ka Americans, ka mea, ua ka mua kahua o Slavic Hawaii (Papa 6 aneane mai no ka ike me ia i ka controversial kumumanaʻo). Aka hoi,ʻo ia i nā kānaka apau e nei, a kapa Khazar.

Pōkole Kievan Rus

Ma hope o nānā 'a pau na theories ka mea i ike i ka mea mua nui Slavic moku'āina o Kievan Rus i hanaʻia a puni ka IX kenekulia. I ka ho okumu ana o keia mana i wahi ma ka kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. I 882 i merged makahiki a merge ma lalo o ka hookahi mana iieyi Drevlyane, olelo, dregovechey a me Polotsk. Ka Union o Slavic aina ua koho ia e ka hoʻokuʻi pū o Kiev a me Novgorod.

Ma hope o hopu mana ma Kiev, Oleg hoomaka ae la ka lua, i kakahiaka nui feudal kahua o ka? Acaeoey o Kievan Rus. Ua lawe kaʻeleu pilina o ka mua na mea ike ole kulekele. Pela, i loko o 981, o ka moku'āina hoomaka ma ka hikina mai Slav aina mai ai i ka San muliwai. Ka ka m-992 i ua lanakila a me ka Croatian aina e moe ana ma luna o nā kumu o ka Carpathians. Ma 1054 me ka mana o Kiev ua palahalaha ae, e aneane a pau o ka hikina Slavic ohana, a me ke kulanakauhale iho la ia mea i loko o ka "makuahine o Lūkini kulanakauhale."

He hana hoihoi e ia i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ke XI kenekulia, hoomaka ae la ka moku'āina e disintegrate i loko o ka poe mai ko na'lii,. Naʻe, i kēia manawa i ole mau loa, a me ma mua o ka na pilikia i loko o ka maka o kēia mau mea kū i Polovtsian hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. Akā, ma hope, ma muli o ka mahuahua feudal-oaio? A, a mahuahua ka hakakä mana o ke aliʻi, Kievan Rus nō hina i fiefdoms. I ka 1132, hoomaka ae la ke au o feudal fragmentation. Kēia moku'āina o ka mea, e like me ka makou i ike, ua mai a hiki i ka bapetizo ana o ka a pau Rusia. I ka manaʻo o ka hookahi moku'āina ua lilo i mea mahaloia laila.

Ke symbolism o Slavic Hawaii

Hoikehonua, Slavic Hawaii, ua loa like. Ka mea, e hoʻohanohano,ʻaʻole wale nō ma ka ohana, a me ka 'ōlelo, akā, i ke aupuni pilikino E pili, a me ka nui o ka patriotism, a me ke degere o ka papa hana. Aka hoi, i ka hiki pono o Slavs e maopopo kekahi i kekahi - no e waiho ana i ka aa ma ka ohu o ka manawa hana i ka hookahi mentality mea e hoole a pau i ike ia "naauao"ʻepekema, akā, i, he olelo sociologists a me psychologists.

Ma hope o nā mea a pau, a hiki ina na lepa o ka Slavic Huiia mākou noonoo, e hiki ke ike i kekahi regularity a me similarity o ka waihoʻoluʻu koho waihoʻoluʻu. Aia mea ia he mea - pa-Slavic waihoʻoluʻu. No ka mea manawa mua kamailio ana no ia i ka hope o ka XIX kenekulia ma ka First Slavic Ahaolelo Lahui ma Palaka. Poe kokua o ka manaʻo o ka unification o nā mea a pau Slavs kaumaha, e lawe tricolor me ka like ana papamoe, hahau o uliuli, keʻokeʻo, a ulaula, e like me kona? Aiina. Lono i kükohu i mālama ai i ka hae o ka Lūkini kalepa'auwaʻa. No laila, inā paha ka mea, 'o maoli - ia ka loa paʻakikī e hoao, akā, pinepine i ka lepa o Slavic aina i wehewehe aku ma ka mea liilii loa lāliʻi,ʻaʻole nā waihoʻoluʻu.